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Climate change as a factor enhancing the invasiveness of alien species 气候变化是加剧外来物种入侵的一个因素
IF 1.1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0022
W. Solarz, K. Najberek, Barbara Tokarska-Guzik, Agata Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska
Abstract Climate is one of the key factors governing the biological invasions of alien species, thus its change may have significant consequences for the scale of this process. We analyzed the predicted influence of climate change on the invasiveness of alien species in Poland and identified species susceptible to climate change. A total of 60 species of alien plants and 58 animals were assessed through an expert elicitation process. For 79 species climate change was assessed as the factor enhancing the likelihood of introduction, establishment, spread and/or impact in the future. Currently, the majority of these species are not widespread in Poland, and this list includes species totally absent, or present only in cultivation and captivity. Climate change will increase the number of high-risk invasive alien species (IAS) from 38 to 63. Species originating in warmer parts of the world are most susceptible to climate change. The majority of the high-risk IAS are regulated under the EU and Polish legislature. However, no restrictions have been imposed on some of the high-risk IAS. Since climate change will further increase their invasiveness, implementation of legal provisions towards these species is recommended.
摘要 气候是影响外来物种生物入侵的关键因素之一,因此气候的变化可能会对这一过程的规模产生重大影响。我们分析了气候变化对外来物种入侵波兰的预测影响,并确定了易受气候变化影响的物种。通过专家征询程序,共评估了 60 种外来植物和 58 种动物。对于 79 个物种而言,气候变化被评估为增加未来引入、建立、传播和/或影响可能性的因素。目前,这些物种中的大多数在波兰并不普遍,这份清单包括了完全不存在或仅在栽培和人工饲养中存在的物种。气候变化将使高风险外来入侵物种(IAS)的数量从 38 种增加到 63 种。原产于世界温暖地区的物种最容易受到气候变化的影响。大多数高风险外来入侵物种都受到欧盟和波兰立法机构的监管。然而,一些高风险的 IAS 并未受到任何限制。由于气候变化将进一步增加其入侵性,建议对这些物种实施法律规定。
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引用次数: 0
An evaluation of the effectiveness of distance learning using ICT in geographical education. From the experiences of teachers in Poland 评估地理教育中利用信息和传播技术进行远程学习的效果。波兰教师的经验
IF 1.1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0021
A. Hibszer, M. Tracz
Abstract The article presents the results of a survey conducted among Polish geography teachers. The purpose of the research was to examine use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in geographical education, carried out remotely after the end of the Lockdown. The collected opinions show that the vast majority of teachers now use information obtained from the Internet and free applications in lessons much more often than before the Covid-19 pandemic. The forced abandonment of traditional classroom learning and its replacement with distance learning has contributed to the development of new skills among teachers and students. Despite the initial reluctance caused by the lack of preparation for the use of new information technologies, geography teachers see many advantages to remote teaching using ICT. In the opinion of those surveyed, the acquired practical digital and communication skills have a positive impact on the teaching of geography. Respondents emphasized that distance learning should only be a supplement to traditional education and used in exceptional situations.
摘要 本文介绍了在波兰地理教师中开展的一项调查的结果。研究的目的是考察封锁结束后远程开展的地理教育中信息和通信技术(ICT)的使用情况。收集到的意见表明,与 Covid-19 大流行之前相比,绝大多数教师现在在课堂上更频繁地使用从互联网上获取的信息和免费应用程序。被迫放弃传统课堂学习,代之以远程学习,促进了教师和学生新技能的发展。尽管最初由于缺乏使用新信息技术的准备而不太情愿,但地理教师看到了使用信息和传播技术进行远程教学的许多好处。受访者认为,所获得的实用数字和通信技能对地理教学产生了积极影响。受访者强调,远程教学只能作为传统教育的补充,在特殊情况下使用。
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引用次数: 0
Promotion of biosphere reserves: How to build awareness of their importance for sustainable development? 宣传生物圈保护区:如何让人们认识到生物圈保护区对可持续发展的重要性?
IF 1.1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0023
A. Vaňová, Katarína Vitálišová, Darina Rojíková, Dagmar Škvareninová
Abstract The biosphere reserves are hybrid territories united protected and non-protected areas with the soft economic and social activities. They bring unique opportunities for local people, businesses and other relevant stakeholders. However, because of low public awareness the potential of some biosphere reserves, is not adequately utilized. This article addresses the research gap related to the identification of the importance of promoting the sustainable development of biosphere reserves and the possibilities of exploiting and enhancing their spatial development. The aim of the research was to clarify the role and importance of promotion for the sustainable development of biosphere reserves. It was focused on investigating the importance of promotion tools in terms of creating awareness of biosphere reserves. The research took place in two Slovak biosphere reserves – Poľana and the Tatras. This article identifies and analyzes the use of promotional tools in these two selected biosphere reserves through secondary sources (websites, profiles on social networks) and in-depth interviews with the managers of these biosphere reserves. The awareness of biosphere reserves was researched with the use of a questionnaire survey in both biosphere reserves. This article defines the problem areas and opportunities, which may contribute to the development of awareness about biosphere reserves which is inevitable for their further sustainable development. The research results confirmed that their promotion influenced the sustainable development of the biosphere reserves. Thanks to their accurate promotion, entrepreneurs and residents can better evaluate the impact of their activities on the sustainability of a biosphere reserve. This contributes to reducing the conflicts that arise between nature protection and economic and social profit.
摘要 生物圈保护区是保护区和非保护区的混合区域,具有软性的经济和社会活动。它们为当地居民、企业和其他相关利益方带来了独特的机遇。然而,由于公众认识不足,一些生物圈保护区的潜力没有得到充分利用。本文探讨了在确定促进生物圈保护区可持续发展的重要性以及开发和加强其空间发展的可能性方面存在的研究空白。研究的目的是阐明促进生物圈保护区可持续发展的作用和重要性。研究重点是调查宣传工具在提高人们对生物圈保护区的认识方面的重要性。研究在斯洛伐克的两个生物圈保护区--波良纳(Poľana)和塔特拉(Tatras)进行。本文通过二手资料(网站、社交网络上的简介)和对这两个生物圈保护区管理人员的深入访谈,确定并分析了这两个选定生物圈保护区对宣传工具的使用情况。通过在这两个生物圈保护区开展问卷调查,对生物圈保护区的知名度进行了研究。本文界定了问题领域和机遇,这些领域和机遇可能有助于提高人们对生物圈保护区的认识,这对于生物圈保护区的进一步可持续发展是不可避免的。研究结果证实,对生物圈保护区的宣传影响了生物圈保护区的可持续发展。有了准确的宣传,企业家和居民可以更好地评估他们的活动对生物圈保护区可持续发展的影响。这有助于减少自然保护与经济和社会利益之间的冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Cultivating communities in Mendoza, Argentina: Exploring social aspects of urban agriculture 阿根廷门多萨的社区培育:探索城市农业的社会层面
IF 1.1 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0020
Lena K. Mietz, Bárbara M. Civit, Alejandro P. Arena
Abstract Global food production and security are current challenges. This is reflected, among other things, in the fact that more than 690 million people suffer from hunger or food shortages. The availability of nutritious food is critical for disease control and immune function. In this context, urban agriculture is promoted as a way to ensure access to food, which has developed due to rising prices, food shortages and urban growth. However, there is a lack of in-depth knowledge on the impacts as well as barriers to implementation. Therefore, this study investigates vegetable consumption patterns in the metropolitan city of Mendoza in Argentina, as well as interest in vegetable production, opinions on urban agriculture and barriers. Quantitative research methods were used, and a citizen survey was conducted. The data was analysed using SPSS software and correlations were determined using chi-square. The results show strong interest from citizen in urban agriculture, but also barriers such as lack of time and resources. Successful implementation requires initiative, political will, and acceptance. The results are consistent with other studies and could be further explored in longitudinal studies to assess effectiveness. This is helpful given the importance of urban agriculture and vegetable consumption for sustainable food production and supply.
摘要 全球粮食生产和安全是当前面临的挑战。这主要体现在有 6.9 亿多人遭受饥饿或粮食短缺。营养食品的供应对于疾病控制和免疫功能至关重要。在这种情况下,城市农业作为确保获得食物的一种方式得到推广,这种方式是由于价格上涨、食物短缺和城市增长而发展起来的。然而,人们对其影响以及实施障碍缺乏深入了解。因此,本研究调查了阿根廷门多萨大都市的蔬菜消费模式,以及对蔬菜生产的兴趣、对城市农业的看法和障碍。研究采用定量研究方法,并进行了市民调查。使用 SPSS 软件对数据进行分析,并使用卡方检验相关性。结果表明,市民对城市农业有着浓厚的兴趣,但也存在一些障碍,如缺乏时间和资源。成功实施需要主动性、政治意愿和接受度。这些结果与其他研究结果一致,可在纵向研究中进一步探讨,以评估其有效性。鉴于城市农业和蔬菜消费对可持续粮食生产和供应的重要性,这一点很有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of weather conditions on the quality of groundwater in the area of a municipal waste landfill 气象条件对某城市垃圾填埋区地下水水质的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0013
Dominika Dąbrowska, Wojciech Rykała, Vahid Nourani
Abstract The quality of groundwater in the source area of pollution depends on many factors, including the weather and hydrogeological conditions within the given area. Anassessment of water quality can be carried out based on data obtained from sensors placed in boreholes. This research examined the influence of air and water temperature, groundwater table position and precipitation on the value of electrical conductivity in groundwater in a selected piezometer belonging to the monitoring network of the Quaternary aquifer in the area of a waste landfill site in Tychy-Urbanowice in southern Poland. The influence of individual factors was checked by using twenty neural network architectures of a Multilayer Perceptron Model (MLP). Each of these indicated factors were selected as input variables. Ultimately, three neural networks were selected, which were characterized by the smallest validation and test errors and showed the highest learning quality. The significance of individual variables for the effectiveness of the model was checked using a global sensitivity analysis. Three selected MLP models contained seven to nine neurons in the hidden layer and used a linear or exponential function as the hidden and output activation. The maximum test quality was 0.8369, while the smallest test error was 0.0011. The results of the sensitivity analysis highlighted the important role of water temperature and water table position on the conductivity value. The obtained goodness of fit results of the models to the input data allowed us to conclude that the MLP was applicable to such forecasts and can be extended by the analysis of further factors.
污染源区地下水的质量取决于许多因素,包括给定区域内的天气和水文地质条件。根据安装在钻孔中的传感器获得的数据,可以对水质进行评估。本研究在波兰南部Tychy-Urbanowice的一个垃圾填埋场的第四纪含水层监测网中选择了一个压力表,研究了空气和水温、地下水位和降水对地下水电导率值的影响。利用多层感知器模型(MLP)的20个神经网络结构来检验个体因素的影响。每一个这些指示的因素被选为输入变量。最终选出验证和测试误差最小、学习质量最高的3个神经网络。个体变量对模型有效性的显著性使用全局敏感性分析进行检查。所选择的三个MLP模型在隐藏层包含7到9个神经元,并使用线性或指数函数作为隐藏和输出激活。试验质量最大值为0.8369,试验误差最小值为0.0011。敏感性分析结果突出了水温和水位位置对电导率值的重要影响。得到的模型与输入数据的拟合优度结果使我们得出结论,MLP适用于这种预测,并且可以通过分析进一步的因素来扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon sequestration potential of trees from urban green spaces of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India 印度马哈拉施特拉邦科尔哈布尔城市绿地树木的固碳潜力
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0014
Priya R. Vasagadekar, Anup V. Gargate, Yojana Y. Patil, Prakash D. Raut
Abstract This study was an investigation into the carbon storage and sequestration of trees grown in the green spaces of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra. Urban gardens and green spaces, mainly considering big trees, have a great potential to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and to mitigate the impacts of climate change in cities. Total ten green pockets (gardens) were selected from Kolhapur city. This study was a sustainability initiative to inventory tree species from the green pockets and to assess their carbon sequestration potential for improved urban planning in the future. The above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB) were estimated by a non destructive method. This included the measurement of tree height and diameter. A total of 29 species of trees were recorded during the study with a storage potential of 688.77 tons of carbon dioxide. Polyalthia longifolia was found to sequester maximum carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) followed by Albizia saman and Mangifera indica . This research highlights the role of urban forests or green spaces and gardens, not only as ornamental and aesthetic plantations but also for mitigating the impacts of climate change at a local level. Well planned urban spaces and urban trees have a major role as green vegetation cover which can act as a carbon sink with high potential which will help in policy making and decision making in the future.
本研究对马哈拉施特拉邦科尔哈布尔市绿地树木的碳储存和固碳进行了调查。城市花园和绿地,主要考虑大树,具有从大气中吸收碳和减轻城市气候变化影响的巨大潜力。从科尔哈布尔市共选出10个绿色口袋(花园)。这项研究是一项可持续发展的倡议,旨在调查绿色口袋中的树种,并评估它们的碳封存潜力,以改善未来的城市规划。采用非破坏性方法估算了地上生物量(AGB)和地下生物量(BGB)。这包括测量树木的高度和直径。研究期间共记录到29种树木,其二氧化碳储存潜力为688.77吨。长叶蓼吸收二氧化碳最多,其次是合欢和芒果。这项研究强调了城市森林或绿地和花园的作用,不仅作为观赏和审美种植园,而且在地方层面上缓解气候变化的影响。规划良好的城市空间和城市树木作为绿色植被覆盖具有重要作用,可以作为具有高潜力的碳汇,有助于未来的政策制定和决策。
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引用次数: 0
Having a better environmental performance translates into a better financial performance: A study of the European food industry 拥有更好的环境绩效转化为更好的财务绩效:对欧洲食品工业的研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0012
Adriana Maria Silva Gomes, Paulo Sérgio Amaral de Sousa, Maria do Rosário Alves Moreira
Abstract This study examined the relationship between Environmental Performance (EP) and Financial Performance (FP) in the European food industry. The food industry is essential for population sustenance, but the rising population and the consequent increase in food production demand have implications for climate change. The aim of this study was to determine if businesses that consume water more efficiently and have lower CO 2 emission intensities might experience improved financial performance. Financial and environmental data were sourced from external databases and company reports, and both quantile regression and correlation analyses were conducted. The results reveal that various sectors within the food industry exhibit different linkages between Environmental Performance and Financial Performance. Furthermore, our findings indicate that water use efficiency can significantly influence financial performance, either positively or negatively, while CO 2 emission intensity did not exhibit a definitive impact on Financial Performance.
摘要本研究考察了欧洲食品行业环境绩效(EP)和财务绩效(FP)之间的关系。食品工业对人口的生计至关重要,但人口的增长和随之而来的粮食生产需求的增加对气候变化产生了影响。本研究的目的是确定是否企业更有效地消耗水和有较低的二氧化碳排放强度可能会改善财务业绩。财务和环境数据来源于外部数据库和公司报告,并进行了分位数回归和相关分析。研究结果表明,食品行业的各个部门在环境绩效和财务绩效之间表现出不同的联系。此外,我们的研究结果表明,水资源利用效率可以显著影响财务绩效,无论是正的还是负的,而二氧化碳排放强度对财务绩效没有表现出明确的影响。
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引用次数: 0
From resilience to collapse: a cross-country study of tourist spending in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic 从恢复力到崩溃:2019冠状病毒病大流行期间欧洲旅游支出的跨国研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0017
Bartosz Korinth
Abstract The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector in Europe, particularly on tourist spending on transport, accommodation, and restaurants. The data used in the study were sourced from Eurostat statistics for the years 2019 and 2021. As part of the research method, a cartodiagram was used to present the percentage changes in tourist spending in selected European countries. Additionally, an analysis of the percentage change in spending on transport, restaurants, and accommodation in 2021 compared to 2019 was conducted using the ggplot2 package implemented in the R programming language. The study results indicate a varied situation regarding declines in tourist spending in 2021 compared to 2019, with smaller decreases noted in Central European countries, suggesting greater resilience to the pandemic crisis. Despite the declines, Germany and France maintained the highest spending values in 2021, underscoring their key role in the European tourism market. Conclusions from the study suggest that tourism-related spending has a huge impact on the economy. A more thorough understanding of how tourists spend money during their travels, including during a pandemic, can help better tailor tourism offers to their needs. By implementing the recommendations in the article, countries can better prepare for future challenges, build more resilient tourism industries, and ensure sustainable growth in the postpandemic era.
本研究的目的是了解COVID-19大流行对欧洲旅游业的影响,特别是对游客在交通、住宿和餐馆方面的支出的影响。研究中使用的数据来自欧盟统计局2019年和2021年的统计数据。作为研究方法的一部分,研究人员使用了一张地图来显示选定的欧洲国家游客消费的百分比变化。此外,使用R编程语言实现的ggplot2包对2021年与2019年相比,交通、餐饮和住宿支出的百分比变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,与2019年相比,2021年旅游支出下降的情况各不相同,中欧国家的降幅较小,表明对大流行危机的抵御能力更强。尽管有所下降,但德国和法国在2021年保持了最高的消费价值,突显了它们在欧洲旅游市场的关键作用。该研究的结论表明,与旅游相关的消费对经济有巨大的影响。更全面地了解游客在旅行期间(包括在大流行期间)的消费方式,有助于更好地根据他们的需求定制旅游服务。通过实施文章中的建议,各国可以更好地为未来的挑战做好准备,建设更具抵御力的旅游业,并确保大流行后时代的可持续增长。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study of urban land use efficiency of the cities of Hai Phong and Can Tho, Vietnam 越南海防市与芹苴市城市土地利用效率比较研究
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0016
Nguyen Tran Tuan
Abstract The process of urbanisation involves shifts in space and population, and other socio-economic factors, and has far-reaching effects on the use of urban land. Governing affects the process of urbanisation. This study aimed to compare the results of urban land use of two large cities in Vietnam, Hai Phong and Can Tho. To accomplish this, the research used input data from JAXA land cover maps and population data from GSO in order to compute indicators on the effectiveness of urban land use (ULUE) between the years 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that the amount of land used for urban development has increased significantly in both of these locations, whereas the amount of land used for rice cultivation and agricultural purposes has decreased. In particular, the proportions of these two types of land have a greater tendency to decrease in Hai Phong than in Can Tho. In addition, urban land use has not yet achieved efficiency in either of these localities; however, urban land use in Hai Phong demonstrates a significantly higher level of efficiency when compared to that of Can Tho.
城市化过程涉及空间、人口等社会经济因素的变化,对城市土地利用产生深远影响。治理影响城市化进程。本研究旨在比较越南两个大城市海防和芹苴的城市土地利用结果。为了实现这一目标,该研究使用了来自JAXA土地覆盖图的输入数据和来自GSO的人口数据,以计算2000年至2020年间城市土地利用有效性(ULUE)的指标。结果表明,这两个地区用于城市发展的土地数量都显著增加,而用于水稻种植和农业用途的土地数量却有所减少。特别是,这两类土地的比例在海防比芹苴有更大的下降趋势。此外,这两个地区的城市土地利用都没有达到效率;然而,与芹苴相比,海防的城市土地利用效率明显更高。
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引用次数: 0
Consequences of the activities of Eurasian beaver on local plants and vegetation cover – an overview 欧亚海狸活动对当地植物和植被覆盖的影响综述
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2478/environ-2023-0015
Rita Rakowska, Alina Stachurska-Swakoń
Abstract The Eurasian beaver has a significant impact on biotic and abiotic resources, thus it is known as an “ecosystem engineer”. Currently, the beaver population in Eurasia is estimated at more than 1.4 million individuals due to successful reintroductions in many countries. The recognition of its impact on ecosystems is increasing every year, therefore this article summarizes the current knowledge of how the Eurasian beaver affects the local flora and vegetation in the area where it settles. Beavers initiate a transformation of their closest surroundings with the dams and ponds they create by forming wetlands, and the newly developed vegetation is richer in plant species than previously. Beaver activities lead to a decrease in local woody plant resources and an increase in the species diversity of herbaceous plants. Beavers also cause damage to agricultural crops when they feed on cultivated plants. Observed changes can vary over time and landscape scales due to local conditions and persistence of beaver occurrence. Understanding how beavers affect plants and vegetation may be helpful not only in the protection of the species itself, but also in better management of the areas where they occur.
欧亚海狸对生物和非生物资源都有重大影响,因此被称为“生态系统工程师”。目前,由于在许多国家成功地重新引入海狸,欧亚大陆的海狸数量估计超过140万只。人们对欧亚海狸对生态系统的影响的认识每年都在增加,因此本文总结了目前关于欧亚海狸如何影响其定居地区的当地植物群和植被的知识。海狸通过形成湿地来建造水坝和池塘,从而开始改变它们最近的环境,新开发的植被比以前的植物种类更丰富。海狸活动导致当地木本植物资源减少,草本植物物种多样性增加。当海狸以栽培植物为食时,也会对农作物造成损害。由于当地条件和海狸出现的持久性,观察到的变化可能随着时间和景观尺度而变化。了解海狸如何影响植物和植被可能不仅有助于保护物种本身,而且有助于更好地管理它们发生的地区。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies
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