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A Prototyping of Penile Tumescence Continuous Observation Device 阴茎膨胀连续观察装置的研制
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/abe.9.167
S. Matsumoto, Y. Takeuchi
In this study, we attempted to develop a wireless real-time continuous observation device for penile tumescence and/or stiffness for veri cation of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and for diagnosis and classi cation of erectile dysfunction (ED). Unlike conventional mechanically wired method, the patient is not constrained by the device and is able to use the device by himself in his own living environment. A soft silicone ring that ts the penis is equipped with a built-in variable inductance, variable frequency oscillator and a onetime use micro-battery. The inductance (hence oscillating frequency) is responsible for the internal stress of the ring, which represents the tumescence and/or stiffness. A non-contact leakage ux coupled to the variable inductor allows proximity telemetry of the phenomenon overnight, or up to the battery life. Our prototype device was successfull in a feasibility test using a desktop model and in a simulated ex vivo test. Now, preparation for pre-clinical trial in healthy volunteer(s) is underway.
在这项研究中,我们试图开发一种无线实时连续观察阴茎肿胀和/或硬度的设备,用于验证夜间阴茎肿胀(NPT)和勃起功能障碍(ED)的诊断和分类。与传统的机械连接方法不同,患者不受设备的限制,可以在自己的生活环境中自行使用该设备。阴茎上的软硅胶环装有内置可变电感、变频振荡器和一次性使用的微型电池。电感(因此振荡频率)负责环的内应力,它表示膨胀和/或刚度。一个非接触泄漏ux耦合到可变电感器允许接近遥测现象一夜之间,或到电池寿命。我们的原型装置在使用桌面模型和模拟离体测试的可行性测试中取得了成功。现在,在健康志愿者中进行临床前试验的准备工作正在进行中。
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引用次数: 2
Hyperparameter Optimization for Deep Learning-based Automatic Melanoma Diagnosis System 基于深度学习的黑色素瘤自动诊断系统的超参数优化
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/abe.9.225
T. Nagaoka
Deep learning is widely used in the development of automatic diagnosis systems for melanoma. However, there are some parameters called hyperparameters which should be set arbitrarily. Optimum setting of hyperparameters is challenging. The dermoscopic images on the database are trained on GoogLeNet. The hyperparameters verified in this study were random seed, solver type, base learning rate, epoch, and batch size. By using a genetic algorithm, these hyperparameters were optimized to obtain higher validation accuracy than other methods such as brute force or Bayesian optimization. The highest validation accuracy was 89.75%. The best hyperparameter settings were: 2 for random seed, RMSProp for solver type, 0.0001 for base learning rate, 30 for epoch, 32 for batch size, and 368 seconds for training time. Using the genetic algorithm, we successful-ly set the hyperparameters for efficient deep learning. Using the system developed in this study, we plan to search for a broader range of hyperparameters and identify multiple groups including lesions other than melanoma.
深度学习被广泛应用于黑色素瘤自动诊断系统的开发。然而,有一些被称为超参数的参数可以任意设置。超参数的最佳设置是具有挑战性的。数据库中的皮肤镜图像在GoogLeNet上进行训练。本研究验证的超参数包括随机种子、求解器类型、基本学习率、epoch和批大小。通过使用遗传算法对这些超参数进行优化,以获得比其他方法(如蛮力或贝叶斯优化)更高的验证精度。最高验证准确率为89.75%。最佳超参数设置为:随机种子为2,求解器类型为RMSProp,基本学习率为0.0001,epoch为30,批大小为32,训练时间为368秒。利用遗传算法,我们成功地设置了高效深度学习的超参数。使用本研究中开发的系统,我们计划搜索更大范围的超参数,并识别包括黑色素瘤以外病变的多个组。
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引用次数: 4
Swallowing Pattern Classification Method Using Multichannel Surface EMG Signals of Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Muscles 舌骨上肌和舌骨下肌的多通道表面肌电信号吞咽模式分类方法
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/abe.9.10
Masahiro Suzuki, M. Sasaki, Katsuhiro Kamata, Atsushi Nakayama, Isamu Shibamoto, Yasushi Tamada
The ability to fine-tune the movement of swallowing-related organs and change the swallowing pattern to fit the volume of a bolus, texture and the physical properties of the food to be swallowed is referred to as the swallowing reserve. In other words, it is the response capability of food swallowing to avoid choking and aspiration. Herein, we focus on the coordination of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles activities, which are closely related to swallowing movement, as a first step to develop a method to evaluate swallowing reserve, which declines due to neuromuscular disease, muscle weakness caused by aging, to mention a few. First, using two 22-channel electrodes, we measured the surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles during the following four swallowing conditions: combining two bolus volumes (3 and 15 mL water) and two techniques (normal and effortful swallow). Then, we verified whether the difference in swallowing patterns based on swallowing conditions can be classified from sEMG signals using three machine learning methods; namely, the real-time classification, comprehensive classification, and image recognition method. In the real-time classification method, the mean classification accuracy (MCA) for the four swallowing conditions was as low as 81.5%, indicating that the difference between swallowing conditions performed in a period of approximately 1 s cannot be classified sufficiently by this method. In the comprehensive classification method that applies a majority decision to all the classification results from the start to the end of swallowing, which can be obtained every 16 ms, MCA was 95.1%. Furthermore, in the image recognition method, the change of a series of sEMG signals in the swallowing movement was converted into swallowing pattern image, and the images were classified using a combination of deep convolutional neural networks and support vector machine (SVM). Compared with the comprehensive classification method, the number of training samples for the image recognition method was only 1 / 26, but the MCA reached 95.7%. This method, which can noninvasively evaluate swallowing patterns that change slightly based on swallowing conditions, could be applied to early detection of reduced swallowing function or a state of frailty (dysphagia potential) in aged individuals.
调节与吞咽有关的器官的运动和改变吞咽模式以适应丸剂的体积、质地和吞咽食物的物理性质的能力被称为吞咽储备。换句话说,它是吞咽食物以避免窒息和误吸的反应能力。在此,我们将重点研究与吞咽运动密切相关的舌骨上肌和舌骨下肌活动的协调性,作为建立吞咽储备评估方法的第一步,吞咽储备因神经肌肉疾病、衰老引起的肌肉无力而下降,仅举几例。首先,我们使用两个22通道电极,测量了舌骨上肌和舌骨下肌在以下四种吞咽条件下的表面肌电图(sEMG)信号:两种吞咽方式(正常吞咽和用力吞咽):两种剂量(3 mL和15 mL水)。然后,我们使用三种机器学习方法验证了基于吞咽条件的吞咽模式差异是否可以从表面肌电信号中分类;即实时分类法、综合分类法和图像识别法。在实时分类方法中,四种吞咽状态的平均分类准确率(MCA)低至81.5%,表明该方法无法对大约1 s时间内发生的吞咽状态之间的差异进行充分分类。在每16 ms对吞咽开始至结束的所有分类结果进行多数决策的综合分类方法中,MCA为95.1%。在图像识别方法中,将吞咽运动中一系列表面肌电信号的变化转化为吞咽模式图像,并结合深度卷积神经网络和支持向量机(SVM)对图像进行分类。与综合分类方法相比,图像识别方法的训练样本数量仅为1 / 26,但MCA达到95.7%。这种方法可以无创地评估吞咽模式,吞咽模式可以根据吞咽情况轻微改变,可以应用于早期检测老年人吞咽功能下降或虚弱状态(吞咽困难潜在)。
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引用次数: 16
Finite Element Predictions of Sutured and Coupled Microarterial Anastomoses 缝合和耦合微动脉吻合的有限元预测
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-02-15 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.63
R. Wain, Nicolas J Gaskell, A. Fsadni, J. Francis, J. Whitty
Simulation using computational methods is well-established for investigating mechanical and haemodynamic properties of blood vessels, however few groups have applied this technology to microvascular anastomoses. This study, for the first time, employs analytic and numeric models of sutured and coupled mi-croarterial anastomoses to evaluate the elastic and failure properties of these techniques in realistic geometries using measured arterial waveforms. Computational geometries were created of pristine microvessels and mi-croarterial anastomoses, performed using sutures and a coupling device. Vessel wall displacement, stress, and strain distributions were predicted for each anastomotic technique using finite element analysis (FEA) software in both static and transient simulations. This study focussed on mechanical properties of the anastomosis im-mediately after surgery, as failure is most likely in the early post-operative period. Comparisons were also drawn between stress distributions seen in analogous non-compliant simulations. The maximum principal strain in a sutured anastomosis was found to be 84% greater than in a pristine vessel, whereas a mechanically coupled anastomosis reduced arterial strain predictions by approximately 55%. Stress distributions in the su-tured anastomoses simulated here differed to those in reported literature. This result is attributed to the use of bonded connections in existing studies, to represent healed surgical sites. This has been confirmed by our study using FEA, and we believe this boundary condition significantly alters the stress distribution, and is less representative of the clinical picture following surgery. We have demonstrated that the inertial effects due to motion of the vessel during pulsatile flow are minimal, since the differences between the transient and static strain cal-culations range from around 0.6–7% dependent on the geometry. This implies that static structural analyses are likely sufficient to predict anastomotic strains in these simulations. Furthermore, approximations of the shear strain rate (SSR) were calculated and compared to analogous rigid-walled simulations, revealing that wall compliance had little influence on their overall magnitude. It is important to highlight, however, that SSR variations here are taken in isolation, and that changing pressure gradients are likely to produce much greater variation in vessel wall strain values than the influence of fluid flow alone. Hence, a formal fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study would be necessary to ascertain the true relationship.
使用计算方法进行模拟是研究血管力学和血液动力学特性的公认方法,但很少有研究小组将这项技术应用于微血管吻合。这项研究首次采用缝合和耦合小动脉吻合的分析和数值模型,利用测量的动脉波形,评估这些技术在现实几何形状中的弹性和失效特性。使用缝合线和耦合装置创建原始微血管和小动脉吻合的计算几何结构。在静态和瞬态模拟中,使用有限元分析(FEA)软件预测每种吻合技术的血管壁位移、应力和应变分布。这项研究的重点是术后即刻吻合的力学性能,因为失败最有可能发生在术后早期。还对类似的非顺应性模拟中的应力分布进行了比较。缝合吻合中的最大主应变比原始血管中的大84%,而机械耦合吻合将动脉应变预测降低了约55%。此处模拟的网状吻合中的应力分布与文献报道中的不同。这一结果归因于现有研究中使用的粘结连接,以代表愈合的手术部位。我们使用有限元分析的研究已经证实了这一点,我们认为这种边界条件显著改变了应力分布,并且不太能代表手术后的临床情况。我们已经证明,在脉动流过程中,由于瞬态和静态应变计算之间的差异在0.6-7%左右,取决于几何形状,因此由血管运动引起的惯性效应是最小的。这意味着静态结构分析可能足以预测这些模拟中的吻合应变。此外,还计算了剪切应变速率(SSR)的近似值,并将其与类似的刚性壁模拟进行了比较,表明壁的柔度对其总体大小几乎没有影响。然而,重要的是要强调,这里的SSR变化是孤立的,并且变化的压力梯度可能比单独的流体流动的影响产生更大的容器壁应变值变化。因此,有必要进行正式的流体-结构相互作用(FSI)研究,以确定真正的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Changes in Brain Perfusion in Patients with Unilateral Lower-limb Paresis, before and after Training on a Pedaling Wheelchair: A Feasibility Study 单侧下肢瘫患者在蹬轮椅训练前后脑灌注的变化:可行性研究
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.99
T. Sekiya, K. Seki, Y. Handa
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week training program using a self-powered pedaling wheelchair on brain perfusion in patients presenting with lower limb hemiparesis due to stroke, brain injury, or spinal cord injury. Our cross-sectional observational study included seven patients with lower limb hemiparesis ( ve men, two women; mean age, 68.3 ± 17.5 years), due to the following causes: cerebral hemorrhage (n = 1), stroke (n = 4), brain contusion (n = 1), and spinal cord injury (n = 1). The control group consisted of eight healthy participants (3 men, 5 women; mean age 62 ± 8 years). The training program consisted of ve bouts of 3-min continuous pedaling per day (total, 15 min/day). The outcome variable of interest was blood ow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (time average peak [TAP], cm/s) measured using Doppler. TAP was measured at rest and after a 3-min pedaling bout, before and after the training program. In the patient group, TAP was signi cantly greater after the 3-min bout than at rest, both before and after the training program (p < 0.05). There was no effect of pedaling identi ed in the control group. In the patient group, TAP increased signi cantly (p < 0.05) after training, both at rest (36.9 ± 16.9 to 47.6 ± 13.8 cm/s), and after the 3-min bout (43.3 ± 13.3 to 50.5 ± 15.1 cm/s). Our pedaling wheelchair provided a safe and effective intervention to improve brain perfusion in this patient population.
我们的目的是评估一个为期4周的训练项目对因中风、脑损伤或脊髓损伤而出现下肢偏瘫患者脑灌注的影响。我们的横断面观察性研究纳入了7例下肢偏瘫患者(5男2女;平均年龄68.3±17.5岁),主要原因为脑出血(n = 1)、脑卒中(n = 4)、脑挫伤(n = 1)、脊髓损伤(n = 1)。对照组为8名健康受试者(男3名,女5名;平均年龄62±8岁)。训练计划包括每天5次3分钟连续蹬车(总共15分钟/天)。结果变量为多普勒测量的大脑中动脉血流慢速(时间平均峰值[TAP], cm/s)。TAP是在休息时、3分钟蹬车后、训练计划前后测量的。在患者组中,训练前和训练后3 min的TAP均显著高于休息时(p < 0.05)。在对照组中没有发现踩踏板的效果。在患者组中,训练后TAP显著增加(p < 0.05),休息时(36.9±16.9至47.6±13.8 cm/s)和3 min后(43.3±13.3至50.5±15.1 cm/s)。我们的踏板轮椅为改善这类患者的脑灌注提供了一种安全有效的干预手段。
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引用次数: 0
Observation and Proposed Measurements of Three-dimensional Tortuous Capillary Pores with Depth for Hollow Fiber Hemoconcentrator Membrane Using Dynamic Force Microscopy 动态力显微镜对中空纤维血液浓缩器膜三维弯曲毛细孔深度的观察及测量建议
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.145
M. Fukuda, Hitoshi Saomoto, Taisei Shimizu, K. Namekawa, K. Sakai
A hemoconcentrator is installed as a part of cardiopulmonary bypass to concentrate the blood by removing excess water and unnecessary electrolytes from the blood diluted with myocardial protection uid. The hemoconcentrator must remove water from diluted blood ef ciently and quickly and remove proin ammatory cytokines and other unwanted molecules, without losing useful proteins such as albumin. Especially, the pore diameter and diameter distribution of the innermost surface greatly affect the pure water permeability and sieving coef cient of the solutes. In this study, the pore structure of the inner surface of the membrane was observed, and pore measurement of hollow ber hemoconcentrator membranes was attempted using a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The samples studied were commercially available hemoconcentrator membranes PUREMA A and B (JMS Co. Ltd., Japan) having asymmetric structures. A SPM was used using the dynamic force microscopy (DFM), cyclic contact mode. The deep and tortuous pore structure on the inner surface of the hemoconcentrator membrane was observed for the rst time using DFM. The pores had an elliptical shape, elongated in the longitudinal direction. When the elliptical area on the inner surface of the hemoconcentrator membrane was larger, pure water permeability was higher, showing a correlation between the elliptical area and membrane functions. The mean major pore diameters and minor pore diameters as well as the equivalent pore diameter calculated from the tortuous capillary pore model were consistent. Using DFM, the three-dimensional tortuous capillary pores at the inner surface of a hollow ber hemoconcentrator membrane could be studied, and pore diameter and distribution could be measured by image analysis. The results were supported by the tortuous capillary pore model. In the future, we need to clearly show the further superior innovations or creative/ ingenious techniques related to this study. Further the state of new ndings which contribute to development of a new hemoconcentrator and other semipermeable membranes will help to increase the value of this paper. This study is one of the key studies to achieve the targeted function for the transport phenomena through semipermeable membranes including hemoconcentrator.
血液浓缩器是体外循环的一部分,通过将血液中多余的水和不必要的电解质从心肌保护液稀释后的血液中去除,来浓缩血液。血液浓缩器必须有效、快速地从稀释后的血液中去除水分,去除原蛋白、炎性细胞因子和其他不需要的分子,同时不损失有用的蛋白质,如白蛋白。其中最内层表面的孔径和直径分布对溶质的纯水渗透性和过筛系数影响较大。在本研究中,我们观察了膜内表面的孔隙结构,并尝试使用扫描探针显微镜(SPM)测量空心血液浓缩器膜的孔隙。所研究的样品是市售的具有不对称结构的血液浓缩器膜PUREMA和B(日本JMS公司)。采用动态力显微镜(DFM),采用循环接触模式。DFM首次观察到血液浓缩器膜内表面的深而弯曲的孔隙结构。气孔呈椭圆形,纵向呈细长状。当凝血器膜内表面椭圆面积越大,纯水通透性越高,表明椭圆面积与膜功能之间存在相关性。弯曲毛细管孔隙模型计算的平均大孔径和小孔径及等效孔径基本一致。利用DFM技术,可以研究中空血液浓缩器膜内表面的三维弯曲毛细孔,并通过图像分析测量孔径和分布。结果得到了扭曲毛细管孔隙模型的支持。在未来,我们需要清楚地展示与这项研究相关的进一步的卓越创新或创造性/巧妙的技术。此外,对开发新型凝血剂和其他半透膜的新发现将有助于增加本文的价值。本研究是实现包括凝血器在内的半透膜转运现象靶向功能的关键研究之一。
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引用次数: 2
Measurements of Isometric Strength and Electromyography of Elbow Flexors under Active and Passive Conditions 主动和被动条件下肘关节屈肌的等长强度和肌电图测量
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.124
M. Higa, N. Araki, Shintaro Nakatani, H. Toji
The aim of this study was to measure maximum isometric force under two different conditions: active and passive conditions. The electromyograms (EMGs) were also measured. The elbow exors of healthy subjects were studied. Six healthy subjects took part in this study. The isometric maximum force and the EMGs of the elbow exors were measured under two contrasting conditions. The rst was a standard isometric measurement in which a subject actively pulled a xed wire using their elbow exor at 100% effort (active). In the second case, the subject tried to keep their elbow at 90 degrees of exion for as long as possible against external forces produced by an electric motor (passive). The highest force values were extracted during the isometric phase when the elbow angles were kept constant. Hence, the elbow angles were also monitored by an electric goniometer in the later measurement. The passive condition resulted in higher forces than the active condition in 4 of 6 subjects. For a subject who showed different maximum forces under the two conditions, the mean (standard deviation) measured maximum forces under active and passive conditions were 285.2 (11.0) N and 300.2 (14.1) N, respectively (p < 0.01). For the EMG, there were no signi cant differences between the two conditions. In conclusion, the passive condition used in this study enhanced isometric maximum forces compared to that obtained under standard isometric conditions.
本研究的目的是测量两种不同条件下的最大等距力:主动和被动条件。同时测量肌电图(emg)。对健康受试者的肘关节进行了研究。6名健康受试者参加了这项研究。在两种不同的条件下,测量了肘关节外肌的等长最大力和肌电图。剩下的是一个标准的等距测量,在这个测量中,受试者用他们的肘部以100%的努力(主动)积极地拉一根缠绕的电线。在第二种情况下,受试者试图尽可能长时间地保持肘部外倾90度,以抵抗由电动马达(被动)产生的外力。当弯头角度保持恒定时,在等距阶段提取出最大的力值。因此,在后来的测量中,肘关节的角度也被电子测角仪监测。6名被试中有4名被试在被动条件下产生的力量高于主动条件。对于两种状态下表现出不同最大力的受试者,主动和被动状态下测得的最大力的平均值(标准差)分别为285.2 (11.0)N和300.2 (14.1)N (p < 0.01)。在肌电图上,两组间无显著差异。总之,与在标准等距条件下获得的结果相比,本研究中使用的被动条件增强了等距最大力。
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引用次数: 1
Differences in Regional Brain Activities during Memory Acquisition Depending on Individual Working Memory Capacity 个体工作记忆容量对记忆获取过程中脑区域活动的影响
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.23
H. Gan, Tatsuya Suzuki, K. Yokosawa, Y. Ono
Individual capacity of recall memory varies greatly even among healthy young adults. Nevertheless, the difference in brain circuitry underlying varied memory capacity has yet to be fully investigated. We acquired electroencephalographic measurements from 43 healthy young adults while performing a demanding working memory task and studied the changes in regional cortical activity in relation to different levels of memory performance. The memory task involved sequentially presenting seven arrow pictures to a participant during the encoding period, who was then asked to recall the direction of one of the arrows in the sequence within the retrieval period. We divided the participants into three groups of high, intermediate, and low performance based on the weighted hierarchical grouping method. Regional brain activities were source-localized using multiple sparse priors method in the highand low-performance groups, and group differences were determined by non-parametric permutation tests. Our ndings showed that participants with higher memory performance exhibited wider distribution of cortical activity including the prefrontal and parieto-posterior cortices, whereas lower performance participants only exhibited stable activations across occipital regions. The results implied the importance of selective attention in order to attain optimal individual working memory performance. Furthermore, we suggest the potential role of the angular gyrus as an interplay between the prefrontal and posterior regions for the management of stimulus ow and signal control. Future works should focus on conducting more thorough connectivity analysis to investigate the relationship of cortical activations with individual working memory performance.
即使在健康的年轻人中,个人回忆记忆的能力也有很大差异。然而,不同记忆容量背后的脑回路差异尚未得到充分研究。我们获得了43名健康年轻人在执行高要求工作记忆任务时的脑电图测量结果,并研究了不同水平记忆表现相关的区域皮层活动的变化。记忆任务包括在编码期间依次向参与者展示七张箭头图片,然后要求参与者在检索期间回忆序列中其中一个箭头的方向。基于加权分层分组法,将参与者分为高、中、低三组。利用多重稀疏先验方法对高、低表现组的脑区域活动进行源定位,并通过非参数排列检验确定组间差异。我们的研究结果表明,记忆表现较高的参与者表现出更广泛的皮层活动分布,包括前额叶和顶-后皮层,而记忆表现较差的参与者仅表现出稳定的枕区激活。研究结果暗示了选择性注意对于获得最佳个人工作记忆表现的重要性。此外,我们认为角回作为前额叶和后部区域之间的相互作用,在管理刺激信号和控制信号方面具有潜在的作用。未来的工作应侧重于进行更深入的连通性分析,以研究皮层激活与个体工作记忆表现的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Heat Enhances Ex Vivo Paclitaxel Delivery to Porcine Carotid Artery Wall 热促进体外紫杉醇给药到猪颈动脉壁
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.30
R. Homma, Machiko Shinozuka, N. Shimazaki, E. Ogawa, T. Arai
We investigated the delivery of rhodamine B and Oregon Green®-labeled paclitaxel (OGLP) in ex vivo porcine carotid artery wall (CAW) samples after heating the reagents to 50–70°C for 15 s. When the isolated CAW samples were placed in the heated uorophore solutions, the penetration depth of the hydrophobic rhodamine B increased signi cantly compared with reference solution at 37°C. The penetration depth of OGLP also tended to increase upon heating to 70°C for 15 s. We also studied the mechanism of this agent delivery enhancement by observing the inner surface structure and hydrophobicity of the CAW samples after heating. An expanded mesh structure at the inner surface of the heated CAW samples was observed upon heating above 70°C, and the mean hydrophobicity of the media layer also increased signi cantly. We hypothesize that heating at 60–70°C for 15 s enhances the delivery of uorophores to CAW samples as a result of an expanded mesh structure at the inner surface of the CAW, along with a simultaneous increase in hydrophobicity.
我们研究了罗丹明B和俄勒冈绿标记紫杉醇(OGLP)在离体猪颈动脉壁(CAW)样品中加热50-70°C 15 s后的递送情况。将分离的CAW样品置于加热过的孔团溶液中,与参比溶液相比,疏水罗丹明B的渗透深度在37℃时显著增加。在70℃加热15 s后,OGLP的穿透深度也有增加的趋势。我们还通过观察加热后CAW样品的内表面结构和疏水性来研究该剂增强递送的机理。加热到70℃以上时,加热后的CAW样品的内表面出现了膨胀的网状结构,介质层的平均疏水性也显著增加。我们假设,在60-70°C下加热15 s,由于CAW内表面的网状结构扩大,同时疏水性增加,因此增强了向CAW样品递送的荧光团。
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引用次数: 1
Photoelectric Dye-Coupled Polyethylene Film: Photoresponsive Properties Evaluated by Kelvin Probe and In Vitro Biological Response Detected in Dystrophic Retinal Tissue of Rats 光电染料偶联聚乙烯薄膜:开尔文探针评价其光响应特性及在大鼠视网膜营养不良组织中的体外生物反应
IF 1 Q4 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14326/ABE.8.137
T. Matsuo, M. Sakurai, Keiko Terada, T. Uchida, Koichiro Yamashita, Tenu Tanaka, K. Takarabe
Electrodes that output electric current as conduction current are widely used to stimulate nerves and cardiac cells in human body. We designed a photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene lm for use as a thin lm device to stimulate nerve cells by electric potential changes. The aim of this study was to measure its photoresponsive properties and to record in vitro biological response. When measured using a Kelvin probe system, the photoelectric dye-coupled lm showed rapid rise and fall of surface electric potential in response to light-on-and-off. Light-evoked surface electric potential of the dye-coupled lm increased in response to increasing light intensity. In vitro biological response to the dye-coupled lm was assessed in isolated rat retinal tissues using a multielectrode array recording system. As positive control, electroretinogram-like waves were recorded in response to light from normal rat retinal tissue placed with the inner retinal surface at the bottom of the multielectrode array dish. In contrast, no light-elicited wave was recorded from degenerative retinal tissue isolated from retinal dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. When the dye-coupled lm was simply overlaid on the degenerative retinal tissue with the inner retinal surface placed at the bottom of the multielectrode array dish, electroretinogram-like waves were elicited in response to light projected from the bottom. Plain polyethylene lm without photoelectric dye coupling was used as negative control, and did not yield light-elicited response when placed on the degenerative retinal tissue. For detailed recordings of action potential spikes high-passed at 100 Hz, a nylon mesh anchor was placed on top of the preparation to ensure close contact between the multielectrode array and the retinal tissue with or without the dye-coupled lm. In this experimental setting, the degenerative retinal tissue alone showed spontaneous action potential spikes as numerous small trivial amplitudes in the background noise, while the degenerative retinal tissue overlain with the dye-coupled lm showed action potential spikes with increased amplitude in response to light against the background of spontaneous spikes. This study con rmed that the photoelectric dye-coupled polyethylene lm is able to stimulate degenerative retinal tissue that has lost photoreceptor cells, and may function as a novel type of retinal prosthesis. Electric potential changes, probably as displacement current or capacitive current, may be an alternative approach to stimulate nerves in human body.
输出电流为传导电流的电极被广泛用于刺激人体神经和心脏细胞。我们设计了一种光电染料偶联聚乙烯薄膜,用于薄膜装置,通过电势变化刺激神经细胞。本研究的目的是测定其光响应特性,并记录其体外生物反应。当使用开尔文探针系统测量时,光电染料耦合薄膜的表面电势随光的开启和关闭而迅速上升和下降。染料偶联薄膜的光诱发表面电位随光强的增加而增加。利用多电极阵列记录系统在离体大鼠视网膜组织中评估染料偶联膜的体外生物学反应。作为阳性对照,在多电极阵列皿底部放置视网膜内表面的正常大鼠视网膜组织的光下记录视网膜电图样波。相比之下,从视网膜营养不良的皇家外科医学院(RCS)大鼠分离的退行性视网膜组织中没有记录到光诱发波。当将染料偶联薄膜简单地覆盖在退行性视网膜组织上,并将视网膜内表面置于多电极阵列碟的底部时,从底部投射的光会引发视网膜电图样波。无光电染料偶联的普通聚乙烯薄膜作为阴性对照,当放置在退行性视网膜组织上时不产生光诱导反应。为了详细记录在100 Hz高传递的动作电位峰值,将尼龙网锚放置在制备物的顶部,以确保多电极阵列与视网膜组织之间的紧密接触,无论是否有染料耦合lm。在本实验中,退行性视网膜组织单独在背景噪声中表现出许多小的振幅的自发动作电位尖峰,而与染料偶联薄膜重叠的退行性视网膜组织在自发尖峰背景下的光响应中表现出振幅增加的动作电位尖峰。本研究证实,光电染料偶联聚乙烯薄膜能够刺激失去感光细胞的退行性视网膜组织,并可能作为一种新型的视网膜假体。电势变化可能是刺激人体神经的另一种方法,可能以位移电流或容性电流的形式出现。
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引用次数: 8
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Advanced Biomedical Engineering
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