Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906904
Rachael Scarborough King, Seth Rudy
Abstract: In the early seventeenth century, Francis Bacon called for both a new start to knowledge production and a reconsideration of its ends. In the reorganization of knowledge that characterized the Enlightenment, disciplines were conceived as having particular purposes as well as a point at which their projects would be complete. This essay revisits this foundational question at another inflection point in its long history: four hundred years after his Great Instauration , as we face the new era that will emerge from the coalescent crises of COVID-19, climate disaster, the right-wing war on education, and the precarity of the neoliberal university. We believe the time has come again for knowledge producers across fields and disciplines to reorient their work around the question of "ends." As scholars and disciplines pursue their individual knowledge projects, they must be able to answer the questions: why do we do what we do, and how could we know that we were done?
{"title":"Is This the End?","authors":"Rachael Scarborough King, Seth Rudy","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906904","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In the early seventeenth century, Francis Bacon called for both a new start to knowledge production and a reconsideration of its ends. In the reorganization of knowledge that characterized the Enlightenment, disciplines were conceived as having particular purposes as well as a point at which their projects would be complete. This essay revisits this foundational question at another inflection point in its long history: four hundred years after his Great Instauration , as we face the new era that will emerge from the coalescent crises of COVID-19, climate disaster, the right-wing war on education, and the precarity of the neoliberal university. We believe the time has come again for knowledge producers across fields and disciplines to reorient their work around the question of \"ends.\" As scholars and disciplines pursue their individual knowledge projects, they must be able to answer the questions: why do we do what we do, and how could we know that we were done?","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906905
Julia Ftacek
Abstract: This article compares eighteenth-century translations of Juvenalian satire about women athletes and the rhetoric surrounding modern female Olympic athletes. Cultural perceptions of women athletes changed dramatically over the eighteenth century as such athletes came to be defined primarily by their femininity, a category that was being made stricter and narrower as gender difference emerged as a coherent ideology in eighteenth-century England. This article posits that eighteenth-century gender ideology is the root of modern transphobia and ends with a call for eighteenth-century studies scholars to examine their own work and sources for unacknowledged biases.
{"title":"Gladiator Girls: Transphobia in the Eighteenth Century and Today","authors":"Julia Ftacek","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906905","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article compares eighteenth-century translations of Juvenalian satire about women athletes and the rhetoric surrounding modern female Olympic athletes. Cultural perceptions of women athletes changed dramatically over the eighteenth century as such athletes came to be defined primarily by their femininity, a category that was being made stricter and narrower as gender difference emerged as a coherent ideology in eighteenth-century England. This article posits that eighteenth-century gender ideology is the root of modern transphobia and ends with a call for eighteenth-century studies scholars to examine their own work and sources for unacknowledged biases.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906891
Al Coppola
Abstract: Peter Gay's two-volume study, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation (1966/69), won the National Book Award in 1966, where its tendentious version of the Enlightenment was embraced as a moderate, hopeful response to the radicalized public sphere of the 1960s. This essay argues that Gay's achievement, and the interdisciplinary seminar that he founded at Columbia University to develop it, provided a key impetus for the organization of the institutional study of eighteenth-century studies. Moreover, the constellation of ideas celebrated as the "Enlightenment" in Gay's work has provided an enduring template for twenty-first-century Enlightenolatrists like Steven Pinker, whose Enlightenment Now (2018) slavishly follows Gay's argument. The persistence of Gay's "undead text," in the sense of Lorraine Daston and Sharon Marcus's phrase (2019), suggests an additional and troubling dimension to eighteenth-century studies beyond the "wide" and "deep" eighteenth centuries as theorized by Felicity Nussbaum (2003) and Joseph Roach (2007).
{"title":"Enlightenolatry from Peter Gay to Steven Pinker: Mass Marketing Enlightenment and the Thick Eighteenth Century","authors":"Al Coppola","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906891","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Peter Gay's two-volume study, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation (1966/69), won the National Book Award in 1966, where its tendentious version of the Enlightenment was embraced as a moderate, hopeful response to the radicalized public sphere of the 1960s. This essay argues that Gay's achievement, and the interdisciplinary seminar that he founded at Columbia University to develop it, provided a key impetus for the organization of the institutional study of eighteenth-century studies. Moreover, the constellation of ideas celebrated as the \"Enlightenment\" in Gay's work has provided an enduring template for twenty-first-century Enlightenolatrists like Steven Pinker, whose Enlightenment Now (2018) slavishly follows Gay's argument. The persistence of Gay's \"undead text,\" in the sense of Lorraine Daston and Sharon Marcus's phrase (2019), suggests an additional and troubling dimension to eighteenth-century studies beyond the \"wide\" and \"deep\" eighteenth centuries as theorized by Felicity Nussbaum (2003) and Joseph Roach (2007).","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135304573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906894
Oleski Miranda Navarro
Abstract: A review of The Occupation of Habana: War, Trade and Slavery in the Atlantic World , by Elena A. Schneider.
摘要:对埃琳娜·A·施耐德所著《哈瓦那的占领:大西洋世界的战争、贸易与奴隶制》的评述。
{"title":"Imperial Wars and the British Occupation of Havana","authors":"Oleski Miranda Navarro","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906894","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A review of The Occupation of Habana: War, Trade and Slavery in the Atlantic World , by Elena A. Schneider.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906889
Lilith Todd
Abstract: This essay centers Mary Collier's work with fluids as part of her lifelong profession of nurse and washerwoman to the content and form of her poem, "The Woman's Labour" (1739). By giving textured specificity to Collier's labor, my effort is to make meaningful her work itself, rather than only her working-class identity, to her poetic practice. The essay reviews the arguments that body fluids provide the feeling material for poetic rhythm. I then draw a parallel between the movement of body fluids as a mechanism for poetic rhythm and the regular movement of body fluids as necessary indicators of health in eighteenth-century understandings of the body. As Collier depicts the experience of gendered work in her poem, the specific work of maintaining healthy bodily flows leads to intimate fluid connections with the people the working woman cares for, and these connections produce sensations of bodily change and alienation. As Collier works with poetic form to manipulate the rhythmic feelings of bodies and move us towards troubling intimacies akin to the experiences of caretaking, her poetry becomes a form that holds the rhythms of bodies in fluid relationships.
{"title":"Working with Fluids in Mary Collier's \"The Woman's Labour\"","authors":"Lilith Todd","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906889","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This essay centers Mary Collier's work with fluids as part of her lifelong profession of nurse and washerwoman to the content and form of her poem, \"The Woman's Labour\" (1739). By giving textured specificity to Collier's labor, my effort is to make meaningful her work itself, rather than only her working-class identity, to her poetic practice. The essay reviews the arguments that body fluids provide the feeling material for poetic rhythm. I then draw a parallel between the movement of body fluids as a mechanism for poetic rhythm and the regular movement of body fluids as necessary indicators of health in eighteenth-century understandings of the body. As Collier depicts the experience of gendered work in her poem, the specific work of maintaining healthy bodily flows leads to intimate fluid connections with the people the working woman cares for, and these connections produce sensations of bodily change and alienation. As Collier works with poetic form to manipulate the rhythmic feelings of bodies and move us towards troubling intimacies akin to the experiences of caretaking, her poetry becomes a form that holds the rhythms of bodies in fluid relationships.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906896
Misty G. Anderson
Abstract: A review of Yael Almog's Secularism and Hermeneutics , a book examining how eighteenth-century German biblical hermeneutics shaped public interpretive practices in secularized, universalized forms and made the Bible, in both its "Judeo" and "Christian" components, a common cultural asset that produced a collective body of readers.
{"title":"Hermeneutics, the Hebrew Bible, and the Cosmopolitan Reader","authors":"Misty G. Anderson","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A review of Yael Almog's Secularism and Hermeneutics , a book examining how eighteenth-century German biblical hermeneutics shaped public interpretive practices in secularized, universalized forms and made the Bible, in both its \"Judeo\" and \"Christian\" components, a common cultural asset that produced a collective body of readers.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906888
Alexander Creighton
Abstract: Late eighteenth-century visual satirists such as Isaac Cruikshank, James Gillray, and Richard Newton loved rendering powerful politicians, world leaders, and nations themselves as hybrid animals to critique abuses of political power through fantasies of bodily violence and humiliation. In the context of revolutionary fear and fervor, these fantasies targeted elites across the political spectrum; at the same time, they derived much of their satiric force from stereotypes of race, sexuality, and class, thus yoking the critique of power to questions about who counts as human and to what degree. In this way, the infusion of animal traits into human subjects puts animality at the center of a complex intertextuality that repeatedly asks where the human ends and the animal begins.
{"title":"Animality, Hybridity, and the Grammar of the Body in Late Eighteenth-Century Visual Satire","authors":"Alexander Creighton","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906888","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Late eighteenth-century visual satirists such as Isaac Cruikshank, James Gillray, and Richard Newton loved rendering powerful politicians, world leaders, and nations themselves as hybrid animals to critique abuses of political power through fantasies of bodily violence and humiliation. In the context of revolutionary fear and fervor, these fantasies targeted elites across the political spectrum; at the same time, they derived much of their satiric force from stereotypes of race, sexuality, and class, thus yoking the critique of power to questions about who counts as human and to what degree. In this way, the infusion of animal traits into human subjects puts animality at the center of a complex intertextuality that repeatedly asks where the human ends and the animal begins.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906900
{"title":"Critical Conversations: Scholarship in a Time of Crisis","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906898
Tobias Menely
Abstract: A review of Heather Keenleyside's Animals and Other People .
摘要:希瑟·基恩利赛德的《动物与他人》述评。
{"title":"Animality and the Poetics of Personhood","authors":"Tobias Menely","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906898","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A review of Heather Keenleyside's Animals and Other People .","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1353/ecy.2023.a906899
Bernadette Andrea
Abstract: A review of Noel Malcom's Useful Enemies: Islam and the Ottoman Empire in Western Political Thought, 1450–1750; Daniel O'Quinn's Engaging the Ottoman Empire: Vexed Mediations, 1690–1815; and Samara Anne Cahill's Intelligent Souls?: Feminist Orientalism in Eighteenth-Century Literature.
{"title":"Post-Saidian Studies of Eighteenth-Century European Literature and Culture","authors":"Bernadette Andrea","doi":"10.1353/ecy.2023.a906899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2023.a906899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A review of Noel Malcom's Useful Enemies: Islam and the Ottoman Empire in Western Political Thought, 1450–1750; Daniel O'Quinn's Engaging the Ottoman Empire: Vexed Mediations, 1690–1815; and Samara Anne Cahill's Intelligent Souls?: Feminist Orientalism in Eighteenth-Century Literature.","PeriodicalId":54033,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH CENTURY-THEORY AND INTERPRETATION","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135305422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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