Although drought is a common phenomenon in Southern Europe, including Bulgaria, it can have adverse effects on human life and economic activities (water scarcity, reduced agricultural production, and economic losses to agriculture). This event occurs regionally, but it can spread over large areas. Whether it will be perceived as a hazard depends on the affected areas and the degree of impact. The article aims to provide new insight into the meteorological drought in the most densely populated NUTS 2 region of Bulgaria-the Yugozapaden (Southwestern). Based on Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI-1 and SPI-3), its occurrence during the period 1961-2020 was analysed in terms of duration, intensity, and magnitude. The maximum drought
{"title":"Meteorological drought in southwest Bulgaria during the period 1961-2020","authors":"Reni Stoyanova, N. Nikolova","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2203243s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203243s","url":null,"abstract":"Although drought is a common phenomenon in Southern Europe, including Bulgaria, it can have adverse effects on human life and economic activities (water scarcity, reduced agricultural production, and economic losses to agriculture). This event occurs regionally, but it can spread over large areas. Whether it will be perceived as a hazard depends on the affected areas and the degree of impact. The article aims to provide new insight into the meteorological drought in the most densely populated NUTS 2 region of Bulgaria-the Yugozapaden (Southwestern). Based on Standardized Precipitation Indices (SPI-1 and SPI-3), its occurrence during the period 1961-2020 was analysed in terms of duration, intensity, and magnitude. The maximum drought","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84673833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milena Panic, Marija Drobnjaković, G. Stanojević, Vlasta Kokotovic-Kanazir, Dejan Doljak
Nighttime lights represent the result of satellite observation of the artificial lighting of human activities on the Earth from space during the night, which provides the excellent opportunity to determine their position, pattern, density, and spatial distribution. Such data have a high detail spatial and temporal resolution, which opens a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis. In this paper, nighttime lights are used as a highly accurate dataset for indirect tracking of changes in temporal and spatial patterns of population distribution and activity in Serbia. Two indicators were applied-Lighted area and Sum of lights. They are calculated for local government units in Serbia, for 2015 and period 2015-2019. The results of the conducted analysis follow the conclusions of the existing knowledge on population distribution based on the official statistical data. Areas with a high share of lighted areas are dominantly urban and the most populated, while traditionally depopulated areas are with a low share of lighted areas. Sum of lights highlighted the distinction between developed and populated north and depressive and depopulated south of Serbia. General conclusion is that ?dark has fallen in Serbia?, not only in peripheral and rural parts of the country, but in the smaller urban centers as well, and it is steadily spreading toward bigger urban areas. With nighttime lights application, this kind of process in terms of spatial disparities, its scope and dynamics can be easily identified, analyzed, and monitored.
{"title":"Nighttime lights-innovative approach for identification of temporal and spatial changes in population distribution","authors":"Milena Panic, Marija Drobnjaković, G. Stanojević, Vlasta Kokotovic-Kanazir, Dejan Doljak","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2201051p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2201051p","url":null,"abstract":"Nighttime lights represent the result of satellite observation of the artificial lighting of human activities on the Earth from space during the night, which provides the excellent opportunity to determine their position, pattern, density, and spatial distribution. Such data have a high detail spatial and temporal resolution, which opens a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis. In this paper, nighttime lights are used as a highly accurate dataset for indirect tracking of changes in temporal and spatial patterns of population distribution and activity in Serbia. Two indicators were applied-Lighted area and Sum of lights. They are calculated for local government units in Serbia, for 2015 and period 2015-2019. The results of the conducted analysis follow the conclusions of the existing knowledge on population distribution based on the official statistical data. Areas with a high share of lighted areas are dominantly urban and the most populated, while traditionally depopulated areas are with a low share of lighted areas. Sum of lights highlighted the distinction between developed and populated north and depressive and depopulated south of Serbia. General conclusion is that ?dark has fallen in Serbia?, not only in peripheral and rural parts of the country, but in the smaller urban centers as well, and it is steadily spreading toward bigger urban areas. With nighttime lights application, this kind of process in terms of spatial disparities, its scope and dynamics can be easily identified, analyzed, and monitored.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79434889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the specialization of regional economic structures-regional specialization in Serbia is analyzed by areas NUTS 3 level (oblasti) in the period 2001-2015 by using the Herfindahl index (indicator of absolute specialization) and Krugman specialization index (indicator of relative specialization). Cross-region analysis shows that the sectoral structure of activities by areas have converged (a decline in the degree of regional absolute specialization), and at the same time they became dissimilar in relation to the sectoral structure on the national level (an increase in the degree of regional relative specialization). As well as in other post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe a change of employment structure by economic activities was initiated by intensive deindustrialization and, consequently, tertiarization, relocation of employment to service activities. A comparative analysis of research results of regional specialization in Serbia with research in several new EU member states, has shown similarities, particularly in regard to the decrease of regional absolute specialization and representation of different sectoral structures in the region of capital relative to other regions in the national context. As well as in CEE, the transition process in Serbia has additionally emphasized the polarized and spatially different pattern of regional development.
{"title":"Regional specialization in serbia during the period 2001-2015","authors":"Radmila Miletić","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2201067m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2201067m","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the specialization of regional economic structures-regional specialization in Serbia is analyzed by areas NUTS 3 level (oblasti) in the period 2001-2015 by using the Herfindahl index (indicator of absolute specialization) and Krugman specialization index (indicator of relative specialization). Cross-region analysis shows that the sectoral structure of activities by areas have converged (a decline in the degree of regional absolute specialization), and at the same time they became dissimilar in relation to the sectoral structure on the national level (an increase in the degree of regional relative specialization). As well as in other post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe a change of employment structure by economic activities was initiated by intensive deindustrialization and, consequently, tertiarization, relocation of employment to service activities. A comparative analysis of research results of regional specialization in Serbia with research in several new EU member states, has shown similarities, particularly in regard to the decrease of regional absolute specialization and representation of different sectoral structures in the region of capital relative to other regions in the national context. As well as in CEE, the transition process in Serbia has additionally emphasized the polarized and spatially different pattern of regional development.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81982385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the school year (SY) 2019/2020, the curriculum of Geography has been gradually implemented in Croatia. The purpose of this survey is to gather information on the frequency and effectiveness of teaching methods in Geography teaching over two school years by means of direct participant observation method. In the SY 2020/2021, a study was carried out in two high schools in Osijek Baranja County for three learning outcomes. Using a pre-made template for the self-observation of the teaching process, 12 lessons in the second and the third grade were observed and later interpreted using descriptive statistics methods. During the SY 2021/2022, the same method was carried out for eight lessons in six schools with a high-school program for three learning outcomes in the second grade, two in the third grade, and one in the fourth grade. Results show the domination of the discussion teaching method, followed by indirect graphic method, and then work-on-text method, while among the most common methods used, the rarest are oral presentation (done by pupils) and direct graphic method. The results found demonstrate a significant shift toward the use of more effective teaching methods compared to older papers in Croatia. The students reported a higher level of satisfaction with the lessons than the teachers did. The method of direct participant observation, complemented with a structured interview, can provide relevant information on the quality of teaching as a prerequisite for the achievement of the learning outcomes specified in the curriculum for Geography.
{"title":"Research on the frequency and effectiveness of teaching methods in geography classes: an example of self-observation of teaching practices","authors":"Filip Domaćinović, Ružica Vuk","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2203307d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203307d","url":null,"abstract":"Since the school year (SY) 2019/2020, the curriculum of Geography has been gradually implemented in Croatia. The purpose of this survey is to gather information on the frequency and effectiveness of teaching methods in Geography teaching over two school years by means of direct participant observation method. In the SY 2020/2021, a study was carried out in two high schools in Osijek Baranja County for three learning outcomes. Using a pre-made template for the self-observation of the teaching process, 12 lessons in the second and the third grade were observed and later interpreted using descriptive statistics methods. During the SY 2021/2022, the same method was carried out for eight lessons in six schools with a high-school program for three learning outcomes in the second grade, two in the third grade, and one in the fourth grade. Results show the domination of the discussion teaching method, followed by indirect graphic method, and then work-on-text method, while among the most common methods used, the rarest are oral presentation (done by pupils) and direct graphic method. The results found demonstrate a significant shift toward the use of more effective teaching methods compared to older papers in Croatia. The students reported a higher level of satisfaction with the lessons than the teachers did. The method of direct participant observation, complemented with a structured interview, can provide relevant information on the quality of teaching as a prerequisite for the achievement of the learning outcomes specified in the curriculum for Geography.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90300932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jovana Todorić, A. Yamashkin, Zlata Vuksanović-Macura
Cultural and entertainment activities have become an important part of the life of the city's population. Spaces of entertainment are being developed in almost all parts of the city-in the inner city, in larger neighborhoods both in the city center and on the outskirts, near the centers of labor, shopping areas (e.g., attractive streets or shopping malls), or recreation areas. Hence the need to research the spatial patterns of entertainment mobility in the city. Studies to date have found that people spatially adjust their consumer activities (including entertainment) to their primary functions (housing, going to work, school, and college). This paper examines mobility for the entertainment of various socio-economic groups (employees, students, unemployed, and pensioners). Attention is also focused on examining the neighborhood's entertainment mobility-near the place of residence. The paper uses data from the survey on daily population mobility in the territory covered by the General Plan of Belgrade (GPB), Serbia, conducted in 6,357 households. The main part of the research is the spatial analysis of the patterns of residents? mobility for entertainment. Spatial analyses is based on mapping of entertainment movements, and then interpreting the obtained cartographic representations. Based on that, regularities are recognized, i.e., spatial patterns of entertainment in the city.
{"title":"Spatial patterns of entertainment mobility in cities","authors":"Jovana Todorić, A. Yamashkin, Zlata Vuksanović-Macura","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2202207t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2202207t","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural and entertainment activities have become an important part of the life of the city's population. Spaces of entertainment are being developed in almost all parts of the city-in the inner city, in larger neighborhoods both in the city center and on the outskirts, near the centers of labor, shopping areas (e.g., attractive streets or shopping malls), or recreation areas. Hence the need to research the spatial patterns of entertainment mobility in the city. Studies to date have found that people spatially adjust their consumer activities (including entertainment) to their primary functions (housing, going to work, school, and college). This paper examines mobility for the entertainment of various socio-economic groups (employees, students, unemployed, and pensioners). Attention is also focused on examining the neighborhood's entertainment mobility-near the place of residence. The paper uses data from the survey on daily population mobility in the territory covered by the General Plan of Belgrade (GPB), Serbia, conducted in 6,357 households. The main part of the research is the spatial analysis of the patterns of residents? mobility for entertainment. Spatial analyses is based on mapping of entertainment movements, and then interpreting the obtained cartographic representations. Based on that, regularities are recognized, i.e., spatial patterns of entertainment in the city.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77822158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A debris flood is a hazardous hydrogeomorphic process that can change the topographic surface in a short time due to a high streamflow and a large volume of sediment transport. Large areas of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria) are susceptible to erosion, debris flows, and debris floods due to loose earth masses, rare vegetation, and alternating dry and wet periods with extreme rainfall. The study area is located in the lower part of the river Damdere catchment and covers the area around the check dam. Studying the geomorphic changes of the debris flood areas can provide information about the behavior of the event, and contribute to the development of mitigation measures. In the current research, the data are obtained using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) during two campaigns (in October 2019 and August 2021). After processing the raw TLS data, two pairs of ground point clouds have been obtained- for the area immediately before the check dam and for the one after the dam. To evaluate the changes in the topographic surface, two approaches are applied: (1) measuring the distance between the successive point clouds (M3C2 algorithm) and (2) measuring the differences between the digital terrain models in geographic information system environment (DoD method). Both approaches have shown similar results and indicated active hydrogeomorphic processes. The relatively large volume of deposition after the check dam is an indicator for the decrease in the retaining capacity of the check dam, which is a prerequisite for the increase of a flood risk.
{"title":"Geoinformation technologies in the evaluation of short-term geomorphic change: An example of Damdere debris flood area (Bulgaria)","authors":"V. Nikolova, Asparuh Kamburov","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2202133n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2202133n","url":null,"abstract":"A debris flood is a hazardous hydrogeomorphic process that can change the topographic surface in a short time due to a high streamflow and a large volume of sediment transport. Large areas of the Eastern Rhodopes Mountains (Bulgaria) are susceptible to erosion, debris flows, and debris floods due to loose earth masses, rare vegetation, and alternating dry and wet periods with extreme rainfall. The study area is located in the lower part of the river Damdere catchment and covers the area around the check dam. Studying the geomorphic changes of the debris flood areas can provide information about the behavior of the event, and contribute to the development of mitigation measures. In the current research, the data are obtained using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) during two campaigns (in October 2019 and August 2021). After processing the raw TLS data, two pairs of ground point clouds have been obtained- for the area immediately before the check dam and for the one after the dam. To evaluate the changes in the topographic surface, two approaches are applied: (1) measuring the distance between the successive point clouds (M3C2 algorithm) and (2) measuring the differences between the digital terrain models in geographic information system environment (DoD method). Both approaches have shown similar results and indicated active hydrogeomorphic processes. The relatively large volume of deposition after the check dam is an indicator for the decrease in the retaining capacity of the check dam, which is a prerequisite for the increase of a flood risk.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90939804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the tram track in the urban transport system of the Algerian city of Setif by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. In this research, a set of multiple pre-determined criteria applicable in the field of urban transport were selected for decision-making. They were collected from recent research literature and expert opinions in this discipline, and then were arranged and evaluated in the AHP to extract the main weights for each criterion. In the end, they were processed spatially by using GIS. The study showed that the selection of the tramway track in the city of Setif was not successful in terms of the chosen location, and its selection was not studied according to the efficiency and quality criteria applicable in the field of urban transport. In addition, the study concluded that there is a significant shortfall in the first tram track, especially the one linking the tram route to the northern and southern parts of the city, which affected the efficiency and quality of the tram route. As the results have shown, the percentage of good spaces near the tram route does not exceed 0.34%. It is followed by the percentage of the average and acceptable areas (13.48%) and then the percentage of the marginalized areas and the areas far from the tram track (86.18% of the total area of the city). The study also demonstrated the importance of using AHP and GIS in evaluating a completed tram track according to a comprehensive and widely studied scientific methodology.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficiency and quality of the tram route of Setif city, Algeria: Combining AHP and GIS approaches","authors":"Ibrahim Djouani, Salim Dehimi, A. Redjem","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2201085d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2201085d","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the tram track in the urban transport system of the Algerian city of Setif by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. In this research, a set of multiple pre-determined criteria applicable in the field of urban transport were selected for decision-making. They were collected from recent research literature and expert opinions in this discipline, and then were arranged and evaluated in the AHP to extract the main weights for each criterion. In the end, they were processed spatially by using GIS. The study showed that the selection of the tramway track in the city of Setif was not successful in terms of the chosen location, and its selection was not studied according to the efficiency and quality criteria applicable in the field of urban transport. In addition, the study concluded that there is a significant shortfall in the first tram track, especially the one linking the tram route to the northern and southern parts of the city, which affected the efficiency and quality of the tram route. As the results have shown, the percentage of good spaces near the tram route does not exceed 0.34%. It is followed by the percentage of the average and acceptable areas (13.48%) and then the percentage of the marginalized areas and the areas far from the tram track (86.18% of the total area of the city). The study also demonstrated the importance of using AHP and GIS in evaluating a completed tram track according to a comprehensive and widely studied scientific methodology.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79753085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the biggest and most important mountain ranges in Europe, the Carpathians, is being threatened by different human activities. The Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians (the Carpathian Convention) represents one of the international efforts to protect the biodiversity of this area through multilateral cooperation. Serbia is one of the signatory parties, where the area protected by the Convention currently coincides with the Djerdap National Park (DjNP) boundaries. Serbia mainly lags in protocol and amendment ratifications, which is suspected to hinder the potential benefits regarding the sustainable development of this region. By analyzing the selected sustainability indicators for the years 2003, 2011, and 2019 we tried to enlighten if developments were sustainable. The data were also presented by the spider evaluation method. Despite certain limitations in data availability, research showed that there are positive economic and environmental changes, despite depopulation and aging of local inhabitants. However, major efforts are still to be undertaken, especially regarding environmental sustainability and implementation of national and international regulation.
{"title":"Implementation of the Carpathian convention in Serbia-the analysis of sustainability aspects","authors":"Marijana Pantić, Tamara Maričić, S. Milijić","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2201033p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2201033p","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest and most important mountain ranges in Europe, the Carpathians, is being threatened by different human activities. The Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians (the Carpathian Convention) represents one of the international efforts to protect the biodiversity of this area through multilateral cooperation. Serbia is one of the signatory parties, where the area protected by the Convention currently coincides with the Djerdap National Park (DjNP) boundaries. Serbia mainly lags in protocol and amendment ratifications, which is suspected to hinder the potential benefits regarding the sustainable development of this region. By analyzing the selected sustainability indicators for the years 2003, 2011, and 2019 we tried to enlighten if developments were sustainable. The data were also presented by the spider evaluation method. Despite certain limitations in data availability, research showed that there are positive economic and environmental changes, despite depopulation and aging of local inhabitants. However, major efforts are still to be undertaken, especially regarding environmental sustainability and implementation of national and international regulation.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77538029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Branislava Drašković, S. Petronic, M. Gutalj, Nataša Marić
Two databases related to grassland in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) have been used in this research-the Copernicus Grassland (GRA) and CORINE Land Cover (CLC). The data have been processed by using GIS tools, and the spatial distribution of grass vegetation in relation to three biogeographical and four elevation zones has been determined. By using the Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database, an insight into the coverage of grass vegetation in wetlands has been obtained. In addition, the analysis of changes in databases determined the total amount and location of the largest grassland losses. Based on GRA database, B&H is one of the richest countries, with 22.4% of its territory covered by grassland. According to the CLC database, pastures occupy 6.3% and natural grasslands 5.6% of the territory of B&H. However, grassland is exposed to various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect its distribution, quality, functions, etc. The CLC database has been processed by extracting the grasslands (pastures and natural grasslands) and calculating their spatial coverage and changes which happened during the three six-year periods from 2000 to 2018. The trend of decreasing pasture areas and increasing natural grasslands has been noticed. The pastures are most endangered by the processes of conversion to other types of agricultural land, while natural grassland increased spatial coverage during the period 2012-2018 mostly due to the revitalization and grazing of burned areas in the region of Herzegovina. Grasslands have been particularly targeted for afforestation and cropland conversion at present.
{"title":"Horizontal and vertical spatial distribution and loss of grassland in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Branislava Drašković, S. Petronic, M. Gutalj, Nataša Marić","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2202159d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2202159d","url":null,"abstract":"Two databases related to grassland in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) have been used in this research-the Copernicus Grassland (GRA) and CORINE Land Cover (CLC). The data have been processed by using GIS tools, and the spatial distribution of grass vegetation in relation to three biogeographical and four elevation zones has been determined. By using the Copernicus Water and Wetness (WaW) database, an insight into the coverage of grass vegetation in wetlands has been obtained. In addition, the analysis of changes in databases determined the total amount and location of the largest grassland losses. Based on GRA database, B&H is one of the richest countries, with 22.4% of its territory covered by grassland. According to the CLC database, pastures occupy 6.3% and natural grasslands 5.6% of the territory of B&H. However, grassland is exposed to various anthropogenic and natural processes that affect its distribution, quality, functions, etc. The CLC database has been processed by extracting the grasslands (pastures and natural grasslands) and calculating their spatial coverage and changes which happened during the three six-year periods from 2000 to 2018. The trend of decreasing pasture areas and increasing natural grasslands has been noticed. The pastures are most endangered by the processes of conversion to other types of agricultural land, while natural grassland increased spatial coverage during the period 2012-2018 mostly due to the revitalization and grazing of burned areas in the region of Herzegovina. Grasslands have been particularly targeted for afforestation and cropland conversion at present.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"269 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76278588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic changes in all the areas of life, and has inflicted many societal costs. The negativities in the field of health and economy are the prominent ones. The whole process significantly affected human behavior, preferences, and priorities. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the motivations of international second home tourists (ISHOT). In addition, motivations for buying or renting a second home in the pre-pandemic period, the push and pull factors affecting their decision to stay in a destination, and the emotional experience they had during the pandemic were also interpreted in the study. Qualitative data research method was used with semistructured interview forms. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 ISHOTs living in Alanya, coastal Turkey. The results proved that there were significant differences between pre-pandemic and postpandemic motivations of ISHOTs for second homes. In the pre-pandemic period, increasing the quality of life, being happy, providing mental health and well-being, emotional relaxation, and getting away from stress were in the frame among the reasons that pushed ISHOTs to acquire second homes. During the pandemic, it was determined that these motivations were replaced by feelings such as anxiety, complaint, protection instinct, uncertainty, and a trust pledge. Low risk, information provision, hygiene, and health system were important reasons that pulled ISHOTs to their second homes during the pandemic process. Insecurity, late intervention, the health system, the risk of being infected, and inadequate precautions were the reasons pushing them away from their home countries.
{"title":"COVID-19: Determining the changing motivations of international second home tourists in coastal Turkey","authors":"Furkan Baltaci, Ihsan Kurar","doi":"10.2298/ijgi2202175b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2202175b","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has brought dramatic changes in all the areas of life, and has inflicted many societal costs. The negativities in the field of health and economy are the prominent ones. The whole process significantly affected human behavior, preferences, and priorities. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the motivations of international second home tourists (ISHOT). In addition, motivations for buying or renting a second home in the pre-pandemic period, the push and pull factors affecting their decision to stay in a destination, and the emotional experience they had during the pandemic were also interpreted in the study. Qualitative data research method was used with semistructured interview forms. In-depth interviews were conducted with 26 ISHOTs living in Alanya, coastal Turkey. The results proved that there were significant differences between pre-pandemic and postpandemic motivations of ISHOTs for second homes. In the pre-pandemic period, increasing the quality of life, being happy, providing mental health and well-being, emotional relaxation, and getting away from stress were in the frame among the reasons that pushed ISHOTs to acquire second homes. During the pandemic, it was determined that these motivations were replaced by feelings such as anxiety, complaint, protection instinct, uncertainty, and a trust pledge. Low risk, information provision, hygiene, and health system were important reasons that pulled ISHOTs to their second homes during the pandemic process. Insecurity, late intervention, the health system, the risk of being infected, and inadequate precautions were the reasons pushing them away from their home countries.","PeriodicalId":54076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic SASA","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75980794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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