Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.2
Tonoy Roy, E. Alfan
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the effect of board characteristics on earnings management and the moderating effect of gender diversity over this nexus by investigating 393 Bursa Malaysia listed companies from 2014 to 2018. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study applies the performance-adjusted Jones model (Dechow et al., 1996) and the performance-matched Jones model (Kothari et al., 2005) to measure accrual-based earnings management. Research findings: Based on the results, the agency theory fails to illustrate that board characteristics (i.e., defined by the attributes of board independence, board size, and non-CEO duality) are effective in reducing earnings management. On the other hand, the results show that gender diversity in independent directorship and board membership apparently reduces the level of earnings management. However, this research finds no significant moderating effect of gender diversity on the relationship between CEO duality and earnings management. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study adds to the literature by demonstrating that the application of agency theory does not have a significant impact on reducing earnings management in the Malaysian context. Applying gender socialisation theory, the findings of this study show successful moderation of gender diversity in terms of reducing the level of earnings management. Practitioner/Policy implication: The results on gender diversity are likely of interest to policymakers to come up with regulations related to ensuring an increasing presence of female directors in the boardrooms to increase the board gender diversity. Research limitation: This study examines only three board characteristics under corporate governance, and measures only accrual-based earnings management. Moreover, the sample is restricted to only non-financial listed companies.
研究目的:本研究通过对2014年至2018年393家马来西亚证券交易所上市公司的调查，探讨了董事会特征对盈余管理的影响以及性别多样性对这一关系的调节作用。设计/方法/方法:本研究采用绩效调整的Jones模型(Dechow et al.， 1996)和绩效匹配的Jones模型(Kothari et al.， 2005)来衡量基于权责发生制的盈余管理。研究发现:基于研究结果，代理理论未能说明董事会特征(即由董事会独立性、董事会规模和非ceo二元性属性定义)在减少盈余管理方面是有效的。另一方面，研究结果表明，独立董事和董事会成员的性别多样性明显降低了盈余管理水平。然而，本研究发现性别多样性对CEO二元性与盈余管理之间的关系没有显著的调节作用。理论贡献/独创性:本研究通过证明代理理论的应用对减少马来西亚背景下的盈余管理没有显著影响，从而增加了文献。运用性别社会化理论，本研究结果显示性别多样性在降低盈余管理水平方面的成功调节。从业者/政策含义:性别多样性的结果可能会引起政策制定者的兴趣，以制定相关法规，确保董事会中女性董事的人数增加，以增加董事会的性别多样性。研究局限:本研究仅考察了公司治理下董事会的三个特征，并且仅衡量了基于权责发生制的盈余管理。此外，样本仅限于非金融类上市公司。
{"title":"Does Gender Diversity Moderate the Nexus Between Board Characteristics and Earnings Management?","authors":"Tonoy Roy, E. Alfan","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the effect of board characteristics on earnings management and the moderating effect of gender diversity over this nexus by investigating 393 Bursa Malaysia listed companies from 2014 to 2018. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study applies the performance-adjusted Jones model (Dechow et al., 1996) and the performance-matched Jones model (Kothari et al., 2005) to measure accrual-based earnings management. Research findings: Based on the results, the agency theory fails to illustrate that board characteristics (i.e., defined by the attributes of board independence, board size, and non-CEO duality) are effective in reducing earnings management. On the other hand, the results show that gender diversity in independent directorship and board membership apparently reduces the level of earnings management. However, this research finds no significant moderating effect of gender diversity on the relationship between CEO duality and earnings management. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study adds to the literature by demonstrating that the application of agency theory does not have a significant impact on reducing earnings management in the Malaysian context. Applying gender socialisation theory, the findings of this study show successful moderation of gender diversity in terms of reducing the level of earnings management. Practitioner/Policy implication: The results on gender diversity are likely of interest to policymakers to come up with regulations related to ensuring an increasing presence of female directors in the boardrooms to increase the board gender diversity. Research limitation: This study examines only three board characteristics under corporate governance, and measures only accrual-based earnings management. Moreover, the sample is restricted to only non-financial listed companies.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.5
Juao C. Costa, Lorraine Rayelle Gomes
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: India has recently joined the accounting revolution by implementing the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) through the convergence mode. This paper aims to examine the value relevance of Indian accounting information by finding an association between stock returns and the levels of earnings and changes in earnings. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study follows both relative and incremental association approaches to investigate changes in the value relevance of accounting information prepared using the IFRS converged Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS), while also examining the impact of their voluntary use. The study employs the Easton and Harris (1991) model on accounting data collected from 2012-13 to 2019-20. The panel data of 7,064 firm-year observations covers 883 firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and uses relevant econometric tests and multivariate panel regressions to test the hypotheses. Research findings: The findings reveal a decline in the returns value relevance following both mandatory and voluntary IFRS convergence. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study is the first to document the changes in value relevance based on stock returns since the IFRS convergence process began in India. Practitioner/Policy implication: This line of research is significant in Indian capital markets to unravel the effects of the new standards on accounting as well as stock market variables. It has managerial implications for firm and standard-setters. Research limitation: The value relevance results are based on the returns model alone and the study does not analyse the price model.
{"title":"IFRS Convergence and Value Relevance of Indian Accounting Information: The Earnings-Returns Association Analysis","authors":"Juao C. Costa, Lorraine Rayelle Gomes","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: India has recently joined the accounting revolution by implementing the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) through the convergence mode. This paper aims to examine the value relevance of Indian accounting information by finding an association between stock returns and the levels of earnings and changes in earnings. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study follows both relative and incremental association approaches to investigate changes in the value relevance of accounting information prepared using the IFRS converged Indian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS), while also examining the impact of their voluntary use. The study employs the Easton and Harris (1991) model on accounting data collected from 2012-13 to 2019-20. The panel data of 7,064 firm-year observations covers 883 firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and uses relevant econometric tests and multivariate panel regressions to test the hypotheses. Research findings: The findings reveal a decline in the returns value relevance following both mandatory and voluntary IFRS convergence. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study is the first to document the changes in value relevance based on stock returns since the IFRS convergence process began in India. Practitioner/Policy implication: This line of research is significant in Indian capital markets to unravel the effects of the new standards on accounting as well as stock market variables. It has managerial implications for firm and standard-setters. Research limitation: The value relevance results are based on the returns model alone and the study does not analyse the price model.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.10
Mohd Allif Anwar Abu Bakar, Mohd Rizal Palil, Ruhanita Maelah, M. Ali
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This paper aims to scrutinise the association between the power-based model (power of tax authorities) and sociopsychological factors (tax morale) in the theoretical framework of the tax compliance model Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was completed by 116 selfemployed and salaried individuals in East Malaysia. Partial Least Squares- SEM (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. Research findings: The results show no impact of the power of tax authorities (coercive and legitimate power) on tax compliance. Only the coercive power of tax authorities has a significantly positive effect on tax morale. However, a significant negative relationship was found between tax morale and tax compliance. Finally, tax morale is proven to mediate coercive power and tax compliance. Theoretical contribution/originality: The study adds to the body of knowledge by including the power of tax authority and tax morale in a tax compliance model. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature that moral consideration should not be overlooked in its mediating value between the power of tax authorities and tax compliance. Practitioner/policy implications: The present study provides novel insight into how tax administrators, especially the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (LHDN), utilise their power to influence tax morale and tax compliance. Research limitation: The study’s limitation is that only a minority of higher-income and self-employed respondents participated. Future research should consider expanding the existing tax compliance model to be tested in a different region. Besides, other sociodemographic variables can be used as possible moderators in future studies.
{"title":"Power of Tax Authorities, Tax Morale, and Tax Compliance: A Mediation Analysis in East Malaysia","authors":"Mohd Allif Anwar Abu Bakar, Mohd Rizal Palil, Ruhanita Maelah, M. Ali","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This paper aims to scrutinise the association between the power-based model (power of tax authorities) and sociopsychological factors (tax morale) in the theoretical framework of the tax compliance model Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was completed by 116 selfemployed and salaried individuals in East Malaysia. Partial Least Squares- SEM (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. Research findings: The results show no impact of the power of tax authorities (coercive and legitimate power) on tax compliance. Only the coercive power of tax authorities has a significantly positive effect on tax morale. However, a significant negative relationship was found between tax morale and tax compliance. Finally, tax morale is proven to mediate coercive power and tax compliance. Theoretical contribution/originality: The study adds to the body of knowledge by including the power of tax authority and tax morale in a tax compliance model. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature that moral consideration should not be overlooked in its mediating value between the power of tax authorities and tax compliance. Practitioner/policy implications: The present study provides novel insight into how tax administrators, especially the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (LHDN), utilise their power to influence tax morale and tax compliance. Research limitation: The study’s limitation is that only a minority of higher-income and self-employed respondents participated. Future research should consider expanding the existing tax compliance model to be tested in a different region. Besides, other sociodemographic variables can be used as possible moderators in future studies.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47240535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.8
Darlin Apasrawirote, K. Yawised, Maneerut Chatrangsan, P. Muneesawang
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to investigate the role of short-form video content (SVC) in the association between marketing capabilities, influencers, and business brand engagement performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from 146 business owners and managers of private businesses from the central business district areas of the lower northern province of Thailand. A partial least square structure equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis was performed to examine the proposed relationships. Research findings: The findings indicate that SVCs enabled brand engagement and resulted in increased satisfaction with the influencer experience. The study found a positive relationship between marketing capabilities, SVCs, influencers, and brand engagement performance. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study also contributes by providing empirical evidence of the mediation of short-form video content in the relationship between marketing capabilities and brand performance, thus suggesting that, in terms of the resource-based view (RBV), SVCs integrated with marketing capabilities contribute to fostering influencers to promote brand perception values into competitive advantage, while influencers are reaffirmed as having a positive impact on brand performance. Practitioner/Policy implications: This research also provides a practical outlook for businesses to better understand the adoption of SVCs at an initial stage and important practical implications for business entrepreneurs, managers, and practitioners regarding the use of SVCs to improve brand engagement performance. Research limitation: First, this study was limited by its focus on primary data collected using a survey approach. Therefore, future research may need to emphasise more subjective rather than objective research. Second, as this study focuses on top executives and higher levels of marketing managers, it could introduce potential biases. Further research, through the use of multiple informants (i.e., IT managers, lower-level frontline staff, etc.) in each business with well-rounded perspectives, could provide a deeper insight into the issues regarding such initiatives. Finally, more constructs related to the proposed research framework can be investigated.
{"title":"Short-form Video Content (SVC) Engagement and Marketing Capabilities","authors":"Darlin Apasrawirote, K. Yawised, Maneerut Chatrangsan, P. Muneesawang","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to investigate the role of short-form video content (SVC) in the association between marketing capabilities, influencers, and business brand engagement performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from 146 business owners and managers of private businesses from the central business district areas of the lower northern province of Thailand. A partial least square structure equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis was performed to examine the proposed relationships. Research findings: The findings indicate that SVCs enabled brand engagement and resulted in increased satisfaction with the influencer experience. The study found a positive relationship between marketing capabilities, SVCs, influencers, and brand engagement performance. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study also contributes by providing empirical evidence of the mediation of short-form video content in the relationship between marketing capabilities and brand performance, thus suggesting that, in terms of the resource-based view (RBV), SVCs integrated with marketing capabilities contribute to fostering influencers to promote brand perception values into competitive advantage, while influencers are reaffirmed as having a positive impact on brand performance. Practitioner/Policy implications: This research also provides a practical outlook for businesses to better understand the adoption of SVCs at an initial stage and important practical implications for business entrepreneurs, managers, and practitioners regarding the use of SVCs to improve brand engagement performance. Research limitation: First, this study was limited by its focus on primary data collected using a survey approach. Therefore, future research may need to emphasise more subjective rather than objective research. Second, as this study focuses on top executives and higher levels of marketing managers, it could introduce potential biases. Further research, through the use of multiple informants (i.e., IT managers, lower-level frontline staff, etc.) in each business with well-rounded perspectives, could provide a deeper insight into the issues regarding such initiatives. Finally, more constructs related to the proposed research framework can be investigated.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.1
Noor Adwa Sulaiman, Nadratun Na’im Kamarudin, S. Shahimi
Manuscript type: Research paper Purpose: This study examines the views of internal auditors and auditees on factors affecting internal audit effectiveness (IAE) in insurance and takaful companies in Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 240 respondents participated in a self-administered survey questionnaire. Findings: Multiple regression analyses suggests independence as well as the resources of internal audit functions (IAF) and relationship with the audit committee is perceived to affect IAE. However, management support is perceived to be less significant in affecting IAE. Furthermore, independent t-test and eta squared analyses show that respondents perceive the factors that significantly affect IAE differently, with independent internal audits scoring the highest. Research limitations/Implications: The respondents were only limited to internal auditors and auditees in insurance and takaful companies. Practical implications: Such empirical evidence is expected to be used by companies, regulators as well as researchers in understanding the prevailing factors affecting IAE in insurance and takaful companies. Originality/Value: The value of this study is grounded on limited studies of IAE in the financial industry, specifically insurance and takaful companies, and the analysis of both auditors and auditees’ views on the principal factors affecting IAE.
{"title":"Internal Audit Effectiveness in Insurance and Takaful Companies in Malaysia: A Study of Internal Auditors and Auditees’ Perceptions","authors":"Noor Adwa Sulaiman, Nadratun Na’im Kamarudin, S. Shahimi","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Purpose: This study examines the views of internal auditors and auditees on factors affecting internal audit effectiveness (IAE) in insurance and takaful companies in Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 240 respondents participated in a self-administered survey questionnaire. Findings: Multiple regression analyses suggests independence as well as the resources of internal audit functions (IAF) and relationship with the audit committee is perceived to affect IAE. However, management support is perceived to be less significant in affecting IAE. Furthermore, independent t-test and eta squared analyses show that respondents perceive the factors that significantly affect IAE differently, with independent internal audits scoring the highest. Research limitations/Implications: The respondents were only limited to internal auditors and auditees in insurance and takaful companies. Practical implications: Such empirical evidence is expected to be used by companies, regulators as well as researchers in understanding the prevailing factors affecting IAE in insurance and takaful companies. Originality/Value: The value of this study is grounded on limited studies of IAE in the financial industry, specifically insurance and takaful companies, and the analysis of both auditors and auditees’ views on the principal factors affecting IAE.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.9
T. Suryani, Abu Amar Fauzi, Moch. Nurhadi
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study investigates potential factors of electronic service quality dimensions on the improvement of brand awareness among customers through the social media platform Instagram. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involves 398 respondents across Java Island, Indonesia, and employed a PLS-SEM approach to analyse the data. Research findings: The findings indicate that the electronic service quality dimensions of Instagram, in terms of content relevance, content quality, information quality and contact availability, significantly improve brand awareness. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the electronic service quality and brand awareness literature by validating four potential service quality dimensions of Instagram that are effective instruments for improving brand awareness. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study offers managerial recommendations for companies that see Instagram as a prospective social media tool for enhancing brand awareness. Companies should focus on managing their Instagram accounts by providing relevant content, qualified content, qualified information, and ensuring the availability of their contact details. Research limitation/Implications: To enhance generalisability, we suggest future studies examine how brand awareness improvement could be made across social media accounts with broader customer segments, either SMEs or big corporations.
{"title":"What Should Companies Do to Improve Brand Awareness Through Instagram? The Lens of Signalling Theory","authors":"T. Suryani, Abu Amar Fauzi, Moch. Nurhadi","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study investigates potential factors of electronic service quality dimensions on the improvement of brand awareness among customers through the social media platform Instagram. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study involves 398 respondents across Java Island, Indonesia, and employed a PLS-SEM approach to analyse the data. Research findings: The findings indicate that the electronic service quality dimensions of Instagram, in terms of content relevance, content quality, information quality and contact availability, significantly improve brand awareness. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the electronic service quality and brand awareness literature by validating four potential service quality dimensions of Instagram that are effective instruments for improving brand awareness. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study offers managerial recommendations for companies that see Instagram as a prospective social media tool for enhancing brand awareness. Companies should focus on managing their Instagram accounts by providing relevant content, qualified content, qualified information, and ensuring the availability of their contact details. Research limitation/Implications: To enhance generalisability, we suggest future studies examine how brand awareness improvement could be made across social media accounts with broader customer segments, either SMEs or big corporations.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.3
A. Yusup
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to compare the performance of meanvariance and single-index models in creating the optimal portfolio. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study creates optimal portfolios using the mean-variance and single-index models with daily stock return data of 38 companies listed on the LQ45 index, IDX Composite index and Bank Indonesia’s 7-Day (Reverse) Repo Rate from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019. The two models are compared using the Sharpe ratio. Research findings: The result shows that the single-index model dominates the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), more so than the meanvariance model. BBCA has the highest proportion for both mean-variance and single-index portfolios. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study compares two popular portfolio models in the Indonesian stock market. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study helps investors to create optimal portfolios using a model that is more suited to the IDX. Research limitation/Implication: This study creates the optimal portfolio without differentiating risk preferences (i.e., risk averse, risk moderate and risk taker). In addition, this research only uses daily return data and does not compare it with weekly and monthly data.
{"title":"Mean-Variance and Single-Index Model Portfolio Optimisation:Case in the Indonesian Stock Market","authors":"A. Yusup","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to compare the performance of meanvariance and single-index models in creating the optimal portfolio. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study creates optimal portfolios using the mean-variance and single-index models with daily stock return data of 38 companies listed on the LQ45 index, IDX Composite index and Bank Indonesia’s 7-Day (Reverse) Repo Rate from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019. The two models are compared using the Sharpe ratio. Research findings: The result shows that the single-index model dominates the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), more so than the meanvariance model. BBCA has the highest proportion for both mean-variance and single-index portfolios. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study compares two popular portfolio models in the Indonesian stock market. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study helps investors to create optimal portfolios using a model that is more suited to the IDX. Research limitation/Implication: This study creates the optimal portfolio without differentiating risk preferences (i.e., risk averse, risk moderate and risk taker). In addition, this research only uses daily return data and does not compare it with weekly and monthly data.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.6
Ing Grace, Phang Phang, Ricadonna Pei Ling, Zaiton Osman
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The cost and frequency of purchased product return are of considerable concern to marketers and retailers. This paper examines the post-purchase cognitive states that influence product return and the drivers that cause cognitive dissonance. Design/Methodology/Approach: A total of 208 valid responses were collected and analysed using SPSS v.22 and SmartPLS 3.2.8 software. Research findings: The findings indicate that emotional dissonance and product dissonance were the main contributing factors determining product return frequency. Switching barriers, customer opportunism and customer attitude significantly affected the level of dissonance; the consideration of liberal return policies and customer expectations of product did not. Findings support the mediating hypothesis of emotional dissonance, and show that product dissonance significantly affects emotional dissonance. Importantly, emotional dissonance has a larger impact on product return frequency than product dissonance. Theoretical implications: This study expands upon the existing literature by providing valuable insight into understanding the external and internal factors contributing to cognitive dissonance and product return frequency. Importantly, the study contributes to the conceptualisation of the mediating role of emotional dissonance in consumer behaviour, particularly in the retail context. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings are useful in assisting grocery marketers in designing and implementing effective customer retention strategies and loyalty programmes. Pairing of right perceptions about product quality, quantity and volume with cost would be effective to reduce emotional dissonance, and retailers could highlight exclusive product offerings to reduce product dissonance. Research limitation/Implication: Future studies could take into account the influences of demographic variables and various communication platforms which might cause differences in consumers’ product return behaviours. This study only presents the findings of a cross-sectional study. A longitudinal study could be conducted to compare consumers’ product return patterns and cognitive dissonance over a longer time frame.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.7
M. Suttipun, Parnicha Dechthanabodin
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: The study aims to investigate the extent and level of environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of listed companies in Thailand, and test for the relationship between ESG committees and performance. Design/methodology/approach: Using the top 100 Thai listed companies (364 firm-year observations) from the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the corporate annual reports during 2018 to 2021 are used to collect ESG board committee characteristics, while ESG performance is collected and measured by ESG scores from S&P Capital IQ and Capital IQ Pro databases. Descriptive analysis, correlation matrix, and multiple regression are used to analyse the data. Research findings: The average performance score of ESG in Thailand is 29.52. In addition, there was an increase of ESG performance by the top 100 firms in Thailand during the period under study. There is a significantly positive relationship between independent ESG committees and ESG performance, while dual positions between top management and ESG committees is negatively correlated with ESG performance. Theoretical contribution/originality: The findings of the relationship between ESG committees and performance demonstrates that agency theory can be used to explain the factors influencing ESG performance by Thai listed companies.
手稿类型：研究论文研究目的：本研究旨在调查泰国上市公司环境、社会和治理（ESG）绩效的程度和水平，并测试ESG委员会与绩效之间的关系。设计/方法/方法：使用泰国证券交易所（SET）的前100家泰国上市公司（364个公司年度观察结果），2018年至2021年的公司年度报告用于收集ESG董事会委员会特征，而ESG绩效则通过标普Capital IQ和Capital IQ Pro数据库中的ESG得分进行收集和衡量。使用描述性分析、相关矩阵和多元回归对数据进行分析。研究结果：泰国ESG的平均绩效得分为29.52。此外，在研究期间，泰国排名前100的公司的ESG绩效有所提高。独立的ESG委员会与ESG绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系，而高管和ESG委员会之间的双重职位与ESG绩效呈负相关。理论贡献/独创性：ESG委员会与绩效关系的研究结果表明，代理理论可以用来解释影响泰国上市公司ESG绩效的因素。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.4
Tuan Mastiniwati Tuan Mansor, Akmalia M. Ariff, A. H. Ngah, H. A. Hashim
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study explores the role of religiosity in external whistleblowing intention by extending the attitude-behavioural-context (ABC) theory to the whistleblowing context in Malaysia. A Muslim has the responsibility to report any wrongdoing in their organisation to protect public interest, as part of amr bil ma‘ruf wa nahy ‘anil munkar, or enjoining good and forbidding evil. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilises a structured questionnaire involving 185 Muslim auditors in Malaysia. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used, and the data was analysed using SmartPLS 3.3.3. Research findings: The results reveal that religiosity positively influences the perceived control, self-efficacy, and external whistleblowing intention of Muslim auditors, but found no evidence to support the hypotheses related to their attitudes. Further, perceived control and self-efficacy are shown to positively influence attitude.Theoretical contribution/Originality: From the perspective of the ABC theory, the findings suggest that self-efficacy and perceived control are the contextual factors that strongly influence external whistleblowing, and that religiosity can be added to extend the ABC theory in the whistleblowing context. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings are valuable to audit firms in understanding the effect of religiosity to Muslim auditors to reveal wrongdoings in their firms. Research limitation/Implications: This study is among the first to use ABC theory to examine religiosity in the context of whistleblowing. Hence, it fills the gap in the existing literature by illustrating how ABC theory can be applied in the study relating to the ethical behaviour of accounting professionals.
手稿类型：研究论文研究目的：本研究通过将态度行为语境（ABC）理论扩展到马来西亚的举报语境，探讨宗教信仰在外部举报意图中的作用。作为amr bil ma'ruf wa nahy'anil munkar的一部分，穆斯林有责任报告其组织中的任何不当行为，以保护公众利益，或禁止善和恶。设计/方法/方法：本研究采用了一份结构化问卷，涉及马来西亚185名穆斯林审计员。使用了有目的的非概率抽样技术，并使用SmartPLS 3.3.3对数据进行了分析。研究结果：研究结果表明，宗教信仰对穆斯林审计师的控制感、自我效能感和外部告密意图有积极影响，但没有证据支持与他们态度相关的假设。此外，感知控制和自我效能感对态度有积极影响。理论贡献/独创性：从ABC理论的角度来看，研究结果表明，自我效能和感知控制是强烈影响外部告密的情境因素，宗教信仰可以在告密情境中扩展ABC理论。从业者/政策含义：这些发现对审计公司了解宗教信仰对穆斯林审计师揭露公司错误行为的影响很有价值。研究局限性/影响：这项研究是第一批使用ABC理论在告密背景下检验宗教信仰的研究之一。因此，它通过说明ABC理论如何应用于会计专业人员道德行为的研究，填补了现有文献中的空白。
{"title":"Religiosity and External Whistleblowing Intention","authors":"Tuan Mastiniwati Tuan Mansor, Akmalia M. Ariff, A. H. Ngah, H. A. Hashim","doi":"10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol15no2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study explores the role of religiosity in external whistleblowing intention by extending the attitude-behavioural-context (ABC) theory to the whistleblowing context in Malaysia. A Muslim has the responsibility to report any wrongdoing in their organisation to protect public interest, as part of amr bil ma‘ruf wa nahy ‘anil munkar, or enjoining good and forbidding evil. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilises a structured questionnaire involving 185 Muslim auditors in Malaysia. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used, and the data was analysed using SmartPLS 3.3.3. Research findings: The results reveal that religiosity positively influences the perceived control, self-efficacy, and external whistleblowing intention of Muslim auditors, but found no evidence to support the hypotheses related to their attitudes. Further, perceived control and self-efficacy are shown to positively influence attitude.Theoretical contribution/Originality: From the perspective of the ABC theory, the findings suggest that self-efficacy and perceived control are the contextual factors that strongly influence external whistleblowing, and that religiosity can be added to extend the ABC theory in the whistleblowing context. Practitioner/Policy implications: The findings are valuable to audit firms in understanding the effect of religiosity to Muslim auditors to reveal wrongdoings in their firms. Research limitation/Implications: This study is among the first to use ABC theory to examine religiosity in the context of whistleblowing. Hence, it fills the gap in the existing literature by illustrating how ABC theory can be applied in the study relating to the ethical behaviour of accounting professionals.","PeriodicalId":54083,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Business and Accounting","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44071407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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