{"title":"Book review of The Inheritance of Wealth. Justice, Equality, and the Right to Bequeath, by Daniel Halliday","authors":"K. Timmer","doi":"10.2143/EP.25.2.3284950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.25.2.3284950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"25 1","pages":"347-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67969886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How one should decide whether to undergo an experience that changes who one is? In her discussion of “transformative experiences”, L. A. Paul argues that, to choose rationally when deliberating first-personally, one should base one’s decision on “revelation”, i.e. to discover out what the experience will be like. If this solution is taken as the sole means by which a transformative choice is made, then I argue it is problematic. This is because (i) it overlooks the role that one’s practical identity ought to play when making a major life-decision; and (ii) it ignores morally-relevant reasons for action. Even if we retain the revelation approach as only part of the means through which a transformative choice is made, I argue that revelation should frequently carry little weight in our decision-making. Rather than focusing on the subjective quality of future experiences, it is often preferable to reflect on who one is and what one’s endorsed practical identity commits one to.
一个人应该如何决定是否要经历一段改变自己的经历?在她对“变革经验”的讨论中，L. A. Paul认为，要在首先进行个人考虑时做出理性选择，一个人应该基于“启示”做出决定，即发现经验将会是什么样子。如果这一解决方案被视为做出变革选择的唯一手段，那么我认为它是有问题的。这是因为:(1)它忽视了一个人在做出重大人生决定时实际身份应该发挥的作用;(ii)它忽视了与道德相关的行动理由。即使我们保留启示方法，认为它只是做出变革选择的一部分手段，我认为启示在我们的决策中应该很少有分量。与其关注未来体验的主观品质，还不如反思自己是谁，以及自己认可的实际身份要求自己做什么。
{"title":"Choosing to be changed: Revelation, identity and the ethics of self-transformation","authors":"Paddy McQueen","doi":"10.2143/EP.24.4.3269042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.24.4.3269042","url":null,"abstract":"How one should decide whether to undergo an experience that changes who one is? In her discussion of “transformative experiences”, L. A. Paul argues that, to choose rationally when deliberating first-personally, one should base one’s decision on “revelation”, i.e. to discover out what the experience will be like. If this solution is taken as the sole means by which a transformative choice is made, then I argue it is problematic. This is because (i) it overlooks the role that one’s practical identity ought to play when making a major life-decision; and (ii) it ignores morally-relevant reasons for action. Even if we retain the revelation approach as only part of the means through which a transformative choice is made, I argue that revelation should frequently carry little weight in our decision-making. Rather than focusing on the subjective quality of future experiences, it is often preferable to reflect on who one is and what one’s endorsed practical identity commits one to.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"24 1","pages":"545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.24.4.3269042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43506537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The right of infidels to protect their goods from the perspective of the 15th century Polish school of Ius gentium","authors":"Wojciech Bańczyk","doi":"10.2143/EP.24.1.3200593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.24.1.3200593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.24.1.3200593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67968839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Awareness and Dying: The Problem of Sedating 'Existential Suffering' in Palliative Care","authors":"Mathias Wirth, B. Hurwitz","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.2.3157185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.2.3157185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"307-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.23.2.3157185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67969165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last decade, the debate on whether or not children have a right to be loved has generated broad discussion involving different ideas on love and care. The present contribution aims to surpass the polarised debate on the right to love and to enrich it by addressing the question from Martha Nussbaum’s version of the Capability Approach. In order to accomplish this, I will start by sketching the central points of Mathew Liao (2006) and Mhairi Cowden (2012). I will suggest that the main challenge lies in the lack of precision regarding the human affective dimension. Secondly, I will defend the Capability Approach as a perspective that, firstly, complements the discourse of rights and, secondly, has already introduced love as a basic human capability. Thus, I will explore what this right may imply towards children. Concretely, I will focus on the so-called emotional capability highlighted by Nussbaum (2011). However, in the interest of a functional theory of social justice, I will claim that a vague formulation of the right to be loved is not enough. In my view, the right to love and be loved can be translated into a right to be well-loved and to love well. Thus, I will focus on how children have a right to be well-loved, meaning they have a right to be provided with healthy secure attachment, positive self-esteem and well-tuned emotional and social competences. Finally, I will advocate the recognition of a right to love well and to be well-loved as a matter of social justice for children. In order to do so, I will try to (i) show how it fulfils the criteria of objectivity and social changeability, and (ii) suggest some cost-effective pathways that would derive from it. keyWords. Children, love, capabilities, justice, rights, attachment
{"title":"The right to love during childhood and the capability approach:beyond the Liao/Cowden debate","authors":"M. del, M. D. C. Hernández","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.1.3141835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141835","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the debate on whether or not children have a right to be loved has generated broad discussion involving different ideas on love and care. The present contribution aims to surpass the polarised debate on the right to love and to enrich it by addressing the question from Martha Nussbaum’s version of the Capability Approach. In order to accomplish this, I will start by sketching the central points of Mathew Liao (2006) and Mhairi Cowden (2012). I will suggest that the main challenge lies in the lack of precision regarding the human affective dimension. Secondly, I will defend the Capability Approach as a perspective that, firstly, complements the discourse of rights and, secondly, has already introduced love as a basic human capability. Thus, I will explore what this right may imply towards children. Concretely, I will focus on the so-called emotional capability highlighted by Nussbaum (2011). However, in the interest of a functional theory of social justice, I will claim that a vague formulation of the right to be loved is not enough. In my view, the right to love and be loved can be translated into a right to be well-loved and to love well. Thus, I will focus on how children have a right to be well-loved, meaning they have a right to be provided with healthy secure attachment, positive self-esteem and well-tuned emotional and social competences. Finally, I will advocate the recognition of a right to love well and to be well-loved as a matter of social justice for children. In order to do so, I will try to (i) show how it fulfils the criteria of objectivity and social changeability, and (ii) suggest some cost-effective pathways that would derive from it. keyWords. Children, love, capabilities, justice, rights, attachment","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67968806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sepideh Yousefzadeh Faal Daghati, Franziska Gossmann
This article focuses on the socio-political construction of childhood in Iran after the 1979 revolution and its influence on multidimensional child deprivation. It presents evidence that suggests that the revolution, and the ideological and political forces that emerged in its aftermath, established a particular definition of childhood based on Islamic law among the country’s policy makers. This particular definition in turn led to some normative legal and institutional changes that shaped children’s legal rights in Iran with significant differences between girls and boys. Therefore, the study claims that one important initial step in defining dimensions of child deprivation in Iran is defining childhood in the given historical period. The article applies a framework that combines two approaches in order to define different dimensions of child deprivation in Iran: the Capability Approach and the Rights Based Approach. Accordingly, a list of child deprivation dimensions are introduced for the Iranian context.
{"title":"Local Needs and Global Indicators : A Contextual Approach to Multidimensional Child Deprivation","authors":"Sepideh Yousefzadeh Faal Daghati, Franziska Gossmann","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.1.3141838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141838","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the socio-political construction of childhood in Iran after the 1979 revolution and its influence on multidimensional child deprivation. It presents evidence that suggests that the revolution, and the ideological and political forces that emerged in its aftermath, established a particular definition of childhood based on Islamic law among the country’s policy makers. This particular definition in turn led to some normative legal and institutional changes that shaped children’s legal rights in Iran with significant differences between girls and boys. Therefore, the study claims that one important initial step in defining dimensions of child deprivation in Iran is defining childhood in the given historical period. The article applies a framework that combines two approaches in order to define different dimensions of child deprivation in Iran: the Capability Approach and the Rights Based Approach. Accordingly, a list of child deprivation dimensions are introduced for the Iranian context.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"165-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67968884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article strives to demonstrate how the Capability Approach (CA) allows us to grasp issues of justice and rights related to children. Taking full account of social contexts in their complexity, and how they influence the imple- mentation of rights and justice for vulnerable people, the CA helps us to identify the individual and social conversion factors that act as facilitators – or as obstacles – to the transformation of formal rights or entitlements into real capability. This approach actually tackles the conditions under which children may emerge as active subjects of rights. Considering that children are not only vulnerable beings in need of protection, but also active agents, the authors go beyond the separation of interest-rights and choice-rights and stress that the dynamics of children’s and human rights are both a matter of interest and of choice. Hence, a contextualized and processual conception of social justice is suggested. The main components of the CA and their application to children are presented in order to analyse the extent to which children ought to be envisaged as a special case in terms of social justice and what this means in terms of wellbeing and agency. The entire configuration of individual and contextual factors that may impact on children’s rights and capabilities is then tackled in a diachronic way through the complex notion of ‘evolving capabilities’. Being a subject of rights does not depend only on one’s evolving capacities, but also, and more accurately, on one’s evolving capabilities, i.e. on how individual capacities combine with social conversion factors. The CA, therefore, allows for a fuller apprehension of the combination of vulnerability and competence characterizing all human beings, children included.
{"title":"Children’s Rights as Evolving Capabilities: Towards a Contextualized and Processual Conception of Social Justice","authors":"J. Bonvin, Daniel Stoecklin","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.1.3141833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141833","url":null,"abstract":"This article strives to demonstrate how the Capability Approach (CA) allows us to grasp issues of justice and rights related to children. Taking full account of social contexts in their complexity, and how they influence the imple- mentation of rights and justice for vulnerable people, the CA helps us to identify the individual and social conversion factors that act as facilitators – or as obstacles – to the transformation of formal rights or entitlements into real capability. This approach actually tackles the conditions under which children may emerge as active subjects of rights. Considering that children are not only vulnerable beings in need of protection, but also active agents, the authors go beyond the separation of interest-rights and choice-rights and stress that the dynamics of children’s and human rights are both a matter of interest and of choice. Hence, a contextualized and processual conception of social justice is suggested. The main components of the CA and their application to children are presented in order to analyse the extent to which children ought to be envisaged as a special case in terms of social justice and what this means in terms of wellbeing and agency. The entire configuration of individual and contextual factors that may impact on children’s rights and capabilities is then tackled in a diachronic way through the complex notion of ‘evolving capabilities’. Being a subject of rights does not depend only on one’s evolving capacities, but also, and more accurately, on one’s evolving capabilities, i.e. on how individual capacities combine with social conversion factors. The CA, therefore, allows for a fuller apprehension of the combination of vulnerability and competence characterizing all human beings, children included.","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"19-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67969120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liberalism without perfection? Autonomy, toleration and education in nussbaum's capability approach","authors":"Johannes Drerup","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.1.3141834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"41-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67969130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prospect of large populations of children migrating across national borders raises urgent political and ethical questions about childrens rights to asylum. In recent years, there has been an in ...
大量儿童跨越国界迁移的前景引发了关于儿童庇护权的紧迫政治和伦理问题。近年来，在……
{"title":"Children's Rights to Asylum and the Capability Approach","authors":"Jonathan Josefsson","doi":"10.2143/EP.23.1.3141836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141836","url":null,"abstract":"The prospect of large populations of children migrating across national borders raises urgent political and ethical questions about childrens rights to asylum. In recent years, there has been an in ...","PeriodicalId":54109,"journal":{"name":"Ethical Perspectives","volume":"23 1","pages":"101-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/EP.23.1.3141836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67968861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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