Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1992490
Graham Music
This paper outlines ways in which more traditional psychoanalytic technique has been challenged by new findings about trauma and the optimal ways in which it can be worked with. In particular it outlines how therapists need to become much more knowledgeable about the risks of retriggering PTSD symptoms, and about dissociative symptomatology. In addition, in some cases it is suggested that psychoanalytic therapists might become braver in helping victims of trauma to feel anger about what happened to them, and that often for optimal recovery anger and rage needs to precede remorse, reparation and a bearing of depressive anxieties
{"title":"Being safe and being brave: new thoughts on trauma, and adaptations to technique","authors":"Graham Music","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1992490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1992490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines ways in which more traditional psychoanalytic technique has been challenged by new findings about trauma and the optimal ways in which it can be worked with. In particular it outlines how therapists need to become much more knowledgeable about the risks of retriggering PTSD symptoms, and about dissociative symptomatology. In addition, in some cases it is suggested that psychoanalytic therapists might become braver in helping victims of trauma to feel anger about what happened to them, and that often for optimal recovery anger and rage needs to precede remorse, reparation and a bearing of depressive anxieties","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1990114
Helen Morgan
From time-to-time concern is expressed within the psychoanalytic community that so few individuals from the black and minority ethnic communities want to train with us and join our organisations. I have come to believe that these discussions many will be familiar with are not only futile but a part of the defensive structures that serve to act against the radical change that is needed. I know individuals change. However, apart from some tinkering, our institutions do not. This paper considers the defensive structures of disavowal within ourselves and our organisations as well as the features of psychoanalytic training that produce a disabling complacency. These work against the radical changes that are required if the profession is to become one to which people of colour can feel they belong and that reflects twenty first century multicultural Britain. I offer some suggestions for ways of working against the racist assumptions behind some of our theories and our structures. The underlying conviction of the presentation is that this is a white problem which white people need to address – not only for the benefit of black colleagues but because it also does us all harm.
{"title":"Decolonising psychotherapy. Racism and the psychoanalytic profession","authors":"Helen Morgan","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1990114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1990114","url":null,"abstract":"From time-to-time concern is expressed within the psychoanalytic community that so few individuals from the black and minority ethnic communities want to train with us and join our organisations. I have come to believe that these discussions many will be familiar with are not only futile but a part of the defensive structures that serve to act against the radical change that is needed. I know individuals change. However, apart from some tinkering, our institutions do not. This paper considers the defensive structures of disavowal within ourselves and our organisations as well as the features of psychoanalytic training that produce a disabling complacency. These work against the radical changes that are required if the profession is to become one to which people of colour can feel they belong and that reflects twenty first century multicultural Britain. I offer some suggestions for ways of working against the racist assumptions behind some of our theories and our structures. The underlying conviction of the presentation is that this is a white problem which white people need to address – not only for the benefit of black colleagues but because it also does us all harm.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1992491
S. Reid, A. Alvarez, Nechama Polak, Myooran Canagaratnam
An event held in December 2020 explored the rich clinical work and innovative thinking around Autism Spectrum Condition at the Tavistock over the past four decades. Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists Sue Reid and Anne Alvarez describe their early groundbreaking work within the Tavistock Autism Team and Workshop. This work yielded the fascinating clinical observations that there were some children with the condition who made significant gains in therapy, leading to major developments in psychoanalytic techniques for this group. Since then, there has been a continuing influence of psychoanalytical, systemic perspectives on the Tavistock approach to Autism. It is an approach which at the same time is firmly rooted in the research around Autism’s neurodevelopmental basis. Nechama Polak, Clinical Psychologist, provides an account of how the current work of the team has increasingly focused on supporting young adults with the condition, and their parents, whilst Myooran Canagaratnam, Consultant Psychiatrist, describes the Tavistock approach to diagnostic assessment.
{"title":"Tavistock Centenary: the Tavistock Autism service over four decades","authors":"S. Reid, A. Alvarez, Nechama Polak, Myooran Canagaratnam","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1992491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1992491","url":null,"abstract":"An event held in December 2020 explored the rich clinical work and innovative thinking around Autism Spectrum Condition at the Tavistock over the past four decades. Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapists Sue Reid and Anne Alvarez describe their early groundbreaking work within the Tavistock Autism Team and Workshop. This work yielded the fascinating clinical observations that there were some children with the condition who made significant gains in therapy, leading to major developments in psychoanalytic techniques for this group. Since then, there has been a continuing influence of psychoanalytical, systemic perspectives on the Tavistock approach to Autism. It is an approach which at the same time is firmly rooted in the research around Autism’s neurodevelopmental basis. Nechama Polak, Clinical Psychologist, provides an account of how the current work of the team has increasingly focused on supporting young adults with the condition, and their parents, whilst Myooran Canagaratnam, Consultant Psychiatrist, describes the Tavistock approach to diagnostic assessment.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1991990
A. Balfour
This paper explores the link between parenting difficulties and couple relationship issues in psychotherapeutic work with parental couples. Initially, the discussion focusses on the social policy context of couple psychotherapy and the resistances it can evoke, which has led to an emphasis on ‘parenting’ rather than ‘couple’ interventions in the historic development of family service provision in the UK. Some developmental challenges facing couples who are parents are then discussed, focussing on a clinical case and drawing on the concepts of shared unconscious phantasy and enactment in the analytic session, to elucidate defensive and developmental possibilities of working at the interface between ‘parenting’ and ‘partnering’.
{"title":"Between partnering and parenting: psychoanalytic approaches to working with parental couples","authors":"A. Balfour","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1991990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1991990","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the link between parenting difficulties and couple relationship issues in psychotherapeutic work with parental couples. Initially, the discussion focusses on the social policy context of couple psychotherapy and the resistances it can evoke, which has led to an emphasis on ‘parenting’ rather than ‘couple’ interventions in the historic development of family service provision in the UK. Some developmental challenges facing couples who are parents are then discussed, focussing on a clinical case and drawing on the concepts of shared unconscious phantasy and enactment in the analytic session, to elucidate defensive and developmental possibilities of working at the interface between ‘parenting’ and ‘partnering’.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46703449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1990115
D. di Ceglie
The paper describes three stories of children and adolescents with atypical gender identity development followed in psychotherapy. These cases have already been published, but are revisited here to show how these experiences contributed to the creation of the therapeutic intervention model of the Gender Identity Development Service originally established in 1989 at St George’s Hospital, London. The service transferred to the Tavistock Centre in 1996. The first case shows the gradual recognition of dealing with the development of an atypical gender identity rather than a psychiatric condition. Reflection on this case led to the definition of possible therapeutic goals. The second case illustrates the difference between solid and fluid identities, an important distinction in the decision to consider the possibility of physical intervention. The third case shows the network management model and addresses issues concerning autonomy.
{"title":"Shapes of gender identity: three stories with impact","authors":"D. di Ceglie","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1990115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1990115","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes three stories of children and adolescents with atypical gender identity development followed in psychotherapy. These cases have already been published, but are revisited here to show how these experiences contributed to the creation of the therapeutic intervention model of the Gender Identity Development Service originally established in 1989 at St George’s Hospital, London. The service transferred to the Tavistock Centre in 1996. The first case shows the gradual recognition of dealing with the development of an atypical gender identity rather than a psychiatric condition. Reflection on this case led to the definition of possible therapeutic goals. The second case illustrates the difference between solid and fluid identities, an important distinction in the decision to consider the possibility of physical intervention. The third case shows the network management model and addresses issues concerning autonomy.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46275025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1990990
Judy Trowell
In this paper I reflect on my work with adult patients and the Tavistock based sexually abused girls study. I discuss two young women who came for help with their relationships, but subsequently disclosed having been sexually abused as children. I was particularly interested since contrary to what one might expect, the young woman who seemed to enjoy better relationship with her mother did less well in treatment. These two patients are contrasting and this underlines the importance of focussing on specific aspects of the primary maternal object relationship that are unique to each individual in understanding the ability to benefit from therapy. Important features shared across the two patients such as PTSD, the distortion of time, and the role of the father are considered. The timing of the disclosure is also an issue. Both patients elicit strong countertransference responses that were difficult to manage and the value of supervision was stressed. The author tries to address two questions, why the patient who had a better maternal relationship did not benefit as much, secondly the point in treatment when the disclosure occurred.
{"title":"Trauma and abuse","authors":"Judy Trowell","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1990990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1990990","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I reflect on my work with adult patients and the Tavistock based sexually abused girls study. I discuss two young women who came for help with their relationships, but subsequently disclosed having been sexually abused as children. I was particularly interested since contrary to what one might expect, the young woman who seemed to enjoy better relationship with her mother did less well in treatment. These two patients are contrasting and this underlines the importance of focussing on specific aspects of the primary maternal object relationship that are unique to each individual in understanding the ability to benefit from therapy. Important features shared across the two patients such as PTSD, the distortion of time, and the role of the father are considered. The timing of the disclosure is also an issue. Both patients elicit strong countertransference responses that were difficult to manage and the value of supervision was stressed. The author tries to address two questions, why the patient who had a better maternal relationship did not benefit as much, secondly the point in treatment when the disclosure occurred.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48301659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1999600
P. Cundy
27 September 2020 marked the one-hundredth anniversary of the first patient being seen at the Tavistock Clinic. Over the following year, the Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust has marked this centenary with a series of events celebrating its history and exploring contemporary issues in relation to identity, relationships and society. This special issue is a collection of papers based on presentations from the centennial celebrations. The authors, most of whom are past and present clinicians of the trust, describe the historical and contemporary work of various departments and services and consider how to draw on this heritage to provide valuable responses to contemporary and future challenges. The Tavistock Clinic was established by Hugh Crichton-Miller, taking its name from its original location at 51 Tavistock Square. Crichton-Miller’s aim was to provide civilians with the kind of treatments that he and other doctors had developed using Freud’s theory of neurosis in the treatment of shell-shocked soldiers during World War 1. So, it seems fitting that the first three papers in this special issue address the subject of trauma. In ‘The Tavistock trauma service centenary lecture’ Jo Stubley describes the history and theoretical developments of clinical work with adult patients in the Tavistock Trauma Service. This service was founded in 1987 in response to the Herald of Free Enterprise Ferry Disaster. Using a psychoanalytic model of trauma developed by Caroline Garland, the unit initially worked with adults who had experienced a single episode trauma, offering a brief intervention of six consultations. However, over time, an increasing number of referrals have been received for people who have experienced chronic, repetitive and sustained traumas. Working with complex trauma has required changes to the original model, and advances in attachment and mentalisation theories and neuroscience have informed developments in the work of the unit. A range of therapeutic interventions, both individual and group, psychotherapeutic, physical and social is now provided. The second paper, by Graham Music, focuses on the developing field of trauma work, and the need to attend to the body. In ‘Being safe and being brave: new thoughts on trauma, and adaptations to technique’, Music describes his work with four young people to illustrate his journey as a trauma therapist, and the development of the techniques that he uses. Much of this requires a focus on the body, initially to develop feelings of safety and facilitate trust. Once this has been achieved the work can move towards emotional expression, again paying
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"P. Cundy","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1999600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1999600","url":null,"abstract":"27 September 2020 marked the one-hundredth anniversary of the first patient being seen at the Tavistock Clinic. Over the following year, the Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust has marked this centenary with a series of events celebrating its history and exploring contemporary issues in relation to identity, relationships and society. This special issue is a collection of papers based on presentations from the centennial celebrations. The authors, most of whom are past and present clinicians of the trust, describe the historical and contemporary work of various departments and services and consider how to draw on this heritage to provide valuable responses to contemporary and future challenges. The Tavistock Clinic was established by Hugh Crichton-Miller, taking its name from its original location at 51 Tavistock Square. Crichton-Miller’s aim was to provide civilians with the kind of treatments that he and other doctors had developed using Freud’s theory of neurosis in the treatment of shell-shocked soldiers during World War 1. So, it seems fitting that the first three papers in this special issue address the subject of trauma. In ‘The Tavistock trauma service centenary lecture’ Jo Stubley describes the history and theoretical developments of clinical work with adult patients in the Tavistock Trauma Service. This service was founded in 1987 in response to the Herald of Free Enterprise Ferry Disaster. Using a psychoanalytic model of trauma developed by Caroline Garland, the unit initially worked with adults who had experienced a single episode trauma, offering a brief intervention of six consultations. However, over time, an increasing number of referrals have been received for people who have experienced chronic, repetitive and sustained traumas. Working with complex trauma has required changes to the original model, and advances in attachment and mentalisation theories and neuroscience have informed developments in the work of the unit. A range of therapeutic interventions, both individual and group, psychotherapeutic, physical and social is now provided. The second paper, by Graham Music, focuses on the developing field of trauma work, and the need to attend to the body. In ‘Being safe and being brave: new thoughts on trauma, and adaptations to technique’, Music describes his work with four young people to illustrate his journey as a trauma therapist, and the development of the techniques that he uses. Much of this requires a focus on the body, initially to develop feelings of safety and facilitate trust. Once this has been achieved the work can move towards emotional expression, again paying","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1990989
J. Stubley
In celebration of its centenary, The Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust hosted a series of lectures. This paper has evolved from a lecture on trauma work within the Trust shared with Graham Music. The history and theoretical developments of clinical work with adult patients in the Tavistock Trauma Service are outlined.
{"title":"The Tavistock trauma service centenary lecture","authors":"J. Stubley","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1990989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1990989","url":null,"abstract":"In celebration of its centenary, The Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust hosted a series of lectures. This paper has evolved from a lecture on trauma work within the Trust shared with Graham Music. The history and theoretical developments of clinical work with adult patients in the Tavistock Trauma Service are outlined.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47793679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1952648
Akiyoshi Okada
Since 1958, the Japanese public health insurance system has covered psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Although it is called ‘standard-type psychoanalytic therapy’, it is essentially psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychodynamic psychotherapy performed face-to-face once a week. Japan has two psychoanalytical organisations: the Japan Psychoanalytic Society (JPS) and the Japan Psychoanalytical Association (JPA), both established in 1955. Until they separated in 1980, they were one organisation that worked together to secure government approval for medical insurance coverage of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and contributed to training psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Currently, less than 1% of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the country have undergone JPA or JPS training. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy provision nationally is difficult because psychoanalytic psychotherapists are concentrated in urban centres. Recent global trends have prompted the demand for evidence-based practice (EBP). To date, the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy has not been demonstrated in Japan. Therefore, it is not recognised as an EBP within national measures for public mental health. However, psychoanalytic psychotherapy is essentially an ‘experience-based practice’, even though it is fundamentally different from EBP. Nevertheless, to sustain psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a viable psychotherapy in Japan, it would need to meet EBP standards.
{"title":"The health insurance system and psychoanalytic psychotherapy in Japan: the association with evidence-based practice","authors":"Akiyoshi Okada","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1952648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1952648","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1958, the Japanese public health insurance system has covered psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Although it is called ‘standard-type psychoanalytic therapy’, it is essentially psychoanalytic psychotherapy or psychodynamic psychotherapy performed face-to-face once a week. Japan has two psychoanalytical organisations: the Japan Psychoanalytic Society (JPS) and the Japan Psychoanalytical Association (JPA), both established in 1955. Until they separated in 1980, they were one organisation that worked together to secure government approval for medical insurance coverage of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and contributed to training psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Currently, less than 1% of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists in the country have undergone JPA or JPS training. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy provision nationally is difficult because psychoanalytic psychotherapists are concentrated in urban centres. Recent global trends have prompted the demand for evidence-based practice (EBP). To date, the effectiveness of psychoanalytic psychotherapy has not been demonstrated in Japan. Therefore, it is not recognised as an EBP within national measures for public mental health. However, psychoanalytic psychotherapy is essentially an ‘experience-based practice’, even though it is fundamentally different from EBP. Nevertheless, to sustain psychoanalytic psychotherapy as a viable psychotherapy in Japan, it would need to meet EBP standards.","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2021.1958049
R. Harland
{"title":"Psychoanalytic thinking in mental health settings","authors":"R. Harland","doi":"10.1080/02668734.2021.1958049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2021.1958049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54122,"journal":{"name":"Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41704784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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