Nature Conservation Research最新文献

{"title":"Avifauna diversity assessment in the Communal Natural Protected Area El Gavilán, Central Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Jesús García-Grajales, Carlos D. Juárez-Santiago, Alejandra Buenrostro-Silva","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical dry forest (TDF) is an ecosystem with a pronounced seasonality and high animal diversity. It is threatened by a wide variety of anthropogenic activities such as human population growth, deforestation rate, tourism development, forest fires, overhunting, and wildlife trade. One of the strategies for this biodiversity conservation is the creation of Communal Natural Protected Areas (CNPA), which are poorly explored. The aim of this study was to supply an assessment of the avian diversity in the CNPA El Gavilán on the Central Coast of Oaxaca (Mexico) during two seasons (dry and rainy). Sampling has been carried out at two localities (named as Centre and Mountain) between November 2018 and September 2019, using a point count method. At each locality, we sampled one transect varying in length, but with five-point counts separated by a minimum of 200 m. We made monthly two visits per transect. Birds were counted from a fixed raising position within a circle of 50-m radius for a specific period (10 min.) at every point. In total, 85 species were recorded, which belong to 65 genera, 24 families, and 13 orders. The most representative order was Passeriformes with 53 species. Most species (83) were considered very rare, and two species (Aratinga canicularis and Calocitta formosa) were rare. Regarding the avian diversity, 0D, the Centre locality had 74 species (19 exclusive species), while the Mountain locality had 65 species (11 exclusive species). The dry season had a higher diversity (Hʹ = 3.44) than the rainy season (Hʹ= 3.41), but there were no significant differences (Hutcheson t = 0.365, d.f. = 1, p > 0.05). Eighty-two percent (70 species) were considered residents, 15.3% (13 species) were winter migrants, 1.2% (one species) were summer migrants, and 1.2% (one species) were transient. Of the total registered taxa, 50 species were principally insectivorous, 14 species were grain-frugivorous, eight species were omnivorous, six species were carnivorous, and six species were nectarivorous. The avifauna of CNPA El Gavilán shows that a marked effect does not exist in the species composition between seasons. Due to the species richness recorded and estimated there, the study area should be considered in conservation policies, particularly because this territory is under intense pressure due to changes in land use.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic structure of Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) population in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (European Russia)","authors":"Sergey N. Lysenkov, Maria A. Galkina","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) is a natural hybrid of the native S. virgaurea and the alien invasive S. canadensis, originated in Europe. Its naturalisation potential is still questionable. One of the largest (more than 20 ramet clusters, treated as individuals) known population of this nothospecies, is located in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (Aleksin town, Tula Region, Russia) in the floodplain of the River Oka. We studied its genetic structure with the help of chloroplast and nuclear markers. Analysis of sequence of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS 1–2 showed that all individuals with intermediate morphology are actually hybrids. Data on the intergenic chloroplast non-coding spacer rpl32–trnL showed that S. canadensis is the maternal species in 60% of the studied individuals. It was shown that even closely located individuals were not clones; therefore, they were results of sexual, rather than vegetative reproduction. Analysis of ISSR markers showed that the studied individuals of S. × niederederi in this population are not only F1 hybrids, but also their descendants (F2 hybrids and/or backcrosses, mostly with S. canadensis). We conclude that S. × niederederi has successfully been naturalised in the studied community and, possibly, is outcompeting its native parental species, S. virgaurea, through introgression.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first record of the North American freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco","authors":"Y. Mabrouki, P. Glöer, A. F. Taybi","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most effective invaders among freshwater snails is the North American ancyline gastropod Ferrissia californica (= fragilis). A new population of this species has been found in Lake Zerrouka (Northern Morocco), a Protected Area, which is also a site of ecological and biological interest (known as SIBE). Thus, this record expands the known distribution range of this invasive species in the Mediterranean area. Despite the fact it is located in only one out of more than 150 localities sampled by us, ongoing investigations could soon reveal more finds of the species in Morocco. Lake Zerrouka is known for recently described endemic snail species, i.e. Ifrania zerroukansis and Gyraulus marocana. Therefore, the monitoring of the presence and expansion of F. californica within invaded areas, as well as studies improving the knowledge on its biology and ecology is an urgent need.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89447445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of turtle communities in Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam","authors":"Van-The Pham, Olivier Le Duc, B. Leprince, Cédric Bordes, Charlotte Ducotterd, V. Q. Luu, Hoai An Le Thi, M. H. Nguyen, Van O. Lo, Van N. Ha, Q. B. Tran, L. Luiselli","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the extraordinary biodiversity richness of South-East Asian countries is concentrated in the national parks and other Protected Areas, with species-rich turtle communities surviving mostly in these reserves where their natural habitats are better preserved. However, very few studies have documented the turtle species richness of the various Protected Areas in Vietnam, which is not only one of the hotspots of chelonian diversity in the world but also one of the countries where their exploitation is the highest. Here, the diversity of turtles is studied in the Bach Ma National Park in central Vietnam, mainly characterised by forested hills and mountains, with ponds and streams of various shapes and structures. The study was carried out by conducting (i) semi-structured interviews of hunters recruited through a snow-ball procedure in local villages, (ii) inspection of turtle individuals in their hands, (iii) field surveys along random transects inspecting the various microhabitats used by these reptiles. We observed a total of 15 species, out of which 14 (93.3%) are threatened, based on IUCN Red List. A natural hybrid of Cuora bourreti × C. mouhotii obsti (Cuora «serrata») was observed. Three species (Cuora bourreti, Manouria impressa, Platysternon megacephalum) were the most frequently encountered species according to our interviewees. We conclude that, in order to enhance the conservation status of the turtle communities at the local level, it would be important (i) to increase the number of rangers patrolling the study area in the rainy season (from April to September) and (ii) to list the hunter's names in the villages surrounding the Bach Ma National Park and to convince them to sign an agreement with the local authorities to avoid hunting turtles within the Protected Area.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83010829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural-functional characteristics of two song types in Phylloscopus humei (Phylloscopidae)","authors":"Svetlana G. Meshcheryagina, A. Opaev","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Several songbird species use two singing modes, which are functionally different. The first mode is preferentially used at the beginning of the breeding cycle, and serves to attract females, while the second mode is used later in the season as well as during territorial countersigning. The two singing modes are well known in many Parulidae species from North America. The repeat mode (type I songs) comprises repetitions of a single song type. The serial mode (type II songs) consists of several song types sung in a versatile sequence. In Eurasia, a similar acoustic behaviour is known in several Phylloscopus species. However, these data are still scarce. Additionally, it is not yet fully understood whether the song structure per se or the song bout organisation (e.g. song-type diversity) plays a primary role in communication of the aforementioned songbirds. In this respect, it could be useful to analyse acoustic behaviour of Phylloscopus humei because its males have only two song types, namely song type I and song type II. These song types differ greatly in structure. In this study, we used playback experiments to ask whether these song types differ in their function. The study has been conducted in 2019–2021 in the federal State Nature Sanctuary «Posarym» (Republic of Khakassia, Russia) at the beginning of the breeding cycle of Phylloscopus humei. While singing spontaneously, males predominantly use song type I. The use of song type II is increased immediately after playback presentation. In contrast, males did not increase the rate of song type II during the playback. Instead, they produced two call types at that time, which apparently serves as an aggressive signal. Our study has shown that the use of two song types is different. Song type I is predominately used for advertising the territory and attracting a female. In contrast, song type II is more often used in countersigning between neighbouring males, although not at a time of direct aggression, i.e. during the playback. Noteworthy, we also found that males can share song type II but not song type I from their repertoires. In turn, the song sharing is thought to play a role in male-male interaction.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"153 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-fire restoration of pine forests in the Badary area, Tunkinskiy National Park, Russia","authors":"Z. Atutova","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"A morphological variety of pyrogenic transformations characterises burnt areas of the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park (Russia), from heavily damaged areas with a partially remained forest stand to bare spaces of tens of square metres. This enabled us to study the dynamics of the post-fire reproduction of Pinus sylvestris (hereinafter – pine) forests in areas with various environmental conditions. The main goal of our study was to determine the nature of the pyrogenic transformation of ecosystems and to evaluate the success of the forest reproduction. The studies were based on the geobotanical monitoring in two burnt-out areas, differing in the degree and area of wildfire damage due to a creeping fire in 2010. Between 2014 and 2020, we considered the multi-temporal specificity of the species composition of the forest stand, shrub layer, and plant communities. The emergence of the first shoots of undergrowth and new growth has been recorded. The projective cover and the dynamics of the species abundance in all forest layers were fixed. The analysis of the natural reforestation dynamics revealed a similarity of the main geobotanical indicators. Pine seedlings dominated in the undergrowth of the study sites, with a small proportion of Betula pendula. The shrub layer consisted of Rosa acicularis. Rhododendron dauricum has been found there only at the late stage of the study. In the herbaceous layer, the largest proportion was represented by meadow species, with a small participation of forest plants. Differences were revealed during the emergence of first seedlings of undergrowth and new growth, as well as in the size of projective cover of species in all forest layers. The first pine seedlings on a heavily burnt-out study plot were recorded a year earlier than on a less transformed plot. Nevertheless, the height increment and the projective cover of the undergrowth were significantly higher on the burnt-out area of a medium damage degree. On the heavily fire-damaged area, we observed pine seedlings planted by the staff of the Tunkinskiy National Park. A satisfactory rate of seedling survival at the initial stage and further deceleration of growth parameters have been noted. The obtained results indicate the reforestation success and, therefore, a favourable forecast of post-fire recovery of light-coniferous forests in the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90669950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating brown bear population density and abundance using camera traps in the Central Forest State Nature Reserve (west of European Russia)","authors":"S. Ogurtsov","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of estimating the population density and abundance of Ursus arctos (hereinafter – brown bear) in the Southern Forestry of the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (CFNR), West of European Russia, in 2021 based on the Random Encounter Model (REM) based upon data obtained from camera traps. Methods for obtaining parameters necessary for building a model are demonstrated. A total of 7970 camera trap nights were worked out at 46 stations, and 502 independent trap events were obtained. The average relative abundance index (RAI) was 6.28 ± 1.59. The total average brown bear population density was 0.086 ± 0.034 individuals per 1 km2. The approximate estimated abundance was 18.98 ± 7.54 individuals. The coefficient of variation was 38%. Population density estimates had a pronounced seasonal dynamics. The minimum value was recorded for the period from 24 June to 23 July (individuals feeding on meadows and ants outside the CFNR core area), and the maximum for the period from 24 July to 22 August (brown bears feeding by berries in the CFNR core area). We found a strong significant correlation between brown bear population density and its relative abundance index (r = 0.81, p < 0.05). It was found that with an increase in the sampling period duration, the estimate of the population density noticeably decreases (r = -0.53, p < 0.05). Parameters of the average travel speed and activity level are a subject to the greatest variability, which determines the significant variability of the day range. In general, the method of population density estimation using REM is highly promising to carry out the brown bear population size estimation in forests and mountain forests, where visual estimations are difficult or impossible.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89348088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of hematological and biochemical parameters of a representative of the amphibious fauna of the Urals: Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Amphibia)","authors":"L. Kovalchuk, L. Chernaya, V. Mishchenko, D. Berzin, N. V. Mikshevich","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"The paper has presented for the first time the results of a study of hematological and biochemical parameters of a threatened species of the fauna of the Middle Urals, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Amphibia). Mature males of S. keyserlingii (n = 30; sampled in spring and summer) living in the Protected Area «Kalinovsky Forest Park» (Sverdlovsk Region, Russia), located in the urban agglomeration of Yekaterinburg city, were used as research objects. The leukocyte composition of S. keyserlingii blood is represented by granulocytes (neutrophils: early, bands, segments; basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes). The peripheral blood of individuals was characterised by the predominance of agranulocytes. They provide immune surveillance and selective reactivity of the organism (adaptive immunity) both in spring (55.7%) and summer (60.3%) seasons (p < 0.001). The content of granulocytes, providing non-specific urgent protection of the organism from infections and toxic effects, is ranged as 39.3–44.4% in males. In the spring and summer periods, the leukocyte formula of the peripheral blood of S. keyserlingii has a high lymphoid profile (52.4–56.7%). Seasonal variability of the integral leukocyte index (ISL) of S. keyserlingii was 0.80 in spring and 0.65 in summer. The content of free amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii has been assessed for the first time from the standpoint of their participation in the processes of immunomodulation and the formation of adaptive reactions that ensures the survival and eurybiont of the species in a wide temperature range. The amino acid fund of S. keyserlingii blood plasma was represented by 17 amino acids: alanine, serine, threonine, lysine, leucine, valine, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, cystine, tyrosine, and isoleucine. The analysis of the metabolic groups of amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii shows a high percentage of glycogenic amino acid (GGAA: 82.1%) and essential amino acids (EAA: 53.4%). The high content of amino acids in the blood indicates their relevance in the processes of protein synthesis, active participation in both immune processes and in the processes of detoxification and the formation of adaptive reactions during the summer period of amphibian’s growth and development. The obtained results of studies of hematological and biochemical parameters of S. keyserlingii’s blood significantly expand the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of amphibians to conditions of natural and anthropogenic habitat transformations. This is undoubtedly of theoretical interest and applies significance for development of environmental measures in the monitoring system of natural and artificial aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"600 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from Lake Baikal (Russia)","authors":"T. Naumova, V. Gagarin","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus found in Lake Baikal. Eutobrilus tsalolikhini sp. nov. is most similar to E. mirandus and E. obesus in body size and spicules length. It differs from E. mirandus in its thicker body, longer outer labial setae, larger stoma, and more supplements. It differs from E. obesus in a shorter tail, farther location of vulva from the anterior body end, longer outer labial setae, and more supplements. Eutobrilus olkhonensis sp. nov. is most similar to E. fortis and E. godlewskii in body size and supplements location but differs from both species in a thicker body, longer tail in males, shorter spicules, and fewer supplements.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82872226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity dynamics in primary mid-taiga spruce forests after total windthrow in the Vodlozersky National Park, Russia","authors":"V. Ananyev, A. Pekkoev, S. Grabovik, S. Moshnikov, M. Medvedeva, A. Ruokolainen, Varvara M. Kolesnikova, Victoria V. Grabeklis","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"In windthrow-affected areas, the research of biota is of high relevance taking into account the lack of knowledge about the dynamics of their flora, soil properties, and tree stand regeneration. An important task is to study the mechanisms of the natural dynamics of plant communities after major disturbances in large boreal forests. This paper was aimed to investigate the effects of a total windthrow event on the dynamics of biodiversity in pristine mid-boreal spruce (Picea abies) forests. The study was carried out in the Vodlozersky National Park (Northwest Russia: Arkhangelsk Region and Republic of Karelia), situated in the northern and middle taiga subzones. A series of permanent sample plots was established in an area affected by massive windthrow in 2000. The windthrow consequences of the forest communities have been studied, starting from the year of the event (2000) at 2–5-year intervals. A soil survey has been conducted in 2016. Windthrown trees, situated in the sample plots, were counted by species and diameter classes. Natural regeneration was estimated in subplots with a division to height cohorts and vitality status. Geobotanical relevé sampling of the ground vegetation has been conducted in 1 × 1-m permanent plots. Aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) were counted by fruit bodies. Main soil pits and partial pits were dug. The morphological description of soils was produced in both undisturbed and disturbed sites in the study area. Obtained data, covering 20 years of surveys of various components of the forest plant communities (tree stand, advance regeneration, ground vegetation, wood-destroying fungi, soils), were analysed. We found that 16–20 years after the windthrow event the species and age structure of the tree stand has been considerably changed due to the forest stand rejuvenation. Post-windthrow regeneration of coniferous species in the true-moss group of forests has been successfully going on. By the end of the second decade after the windthrow event, cowberry spruce forests contained 4300 individuals/0.01 km2 of viable spruce regeneration, including 1500 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. In the bilberry-Sphagnum-type forest, spruce regeneration amounted to 8700 individuals/0.01 km2, including 2200 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. This amount is sufficient to ensure the development of spruce-dominated communities in the future. Since the forest ecosystems were recovering after the windthrow, the biodiversity of changed, that was reflected in an increase in the species composition of the ground vegetation and fungal communities. Over the study period (2001–2021), surveys of the sample plots demonstrated 83 aphyllophoroid fungi species, including five species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia, as well as 22 taxa, considered old-growth forest indicator- and specialist species. The number of wood-destroying fungi species wa","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}