Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) is a natural hybrid of the native S. virgaurea and the alien invasive S. canadensis, originated in Europe. Its naturalisation potential is still questionable. One of the largest (more than 20 ramet clusters, treated as individuals) known population of this nothospecies, is located in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (Aleksin town, Tula Region, Russia) in the floodplain of the River Oka. We studied its genetic structure with the help of chloroplast and nuclear markers. Analysis of sequence of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS 1–2 showed that all individuals with intermediate morphology are actually hybrids. Data on the intergenic chloroplast non-coding spacer rpl32–trnL showed that S. canadensis is the maternal species in 60% of the studied individuals. It was shown that even closely located individuals were not clones; therefore, they were results of sexual, rather than vegetative reproduction. Analysis of ISSR markers showed that the studied individuals of S. × niederederi in this population are not only F1 hybrids, but also their descendants (F2 hybrids and/or backcrosses, mostly with S. canadensis). We conclude that S. × niederederi has successfully been naturalised in the studied community and, possibly, is outcompeting its native parental species, S. virgaurea, through introgression.
Solidago x niederederi (Asteraceae)是原产于欧洲的本地紫花蔷薇(S. virgaurea)和外来入侵植物加拿大蔷薇(S. canadensis)的天然杂交品种。它的入籍潜力仍然值得怀疑。已知最大的种群之一(超过20个分簇，作为个体处理)位于奥卡河漫滩的“阿列克辛博尔”自然纪念碑(俄罗斯图拉地区阿列克辛镇)。利用叶绿体和细胞核标记对其遗传结构进行了研究。核糖体内转录间隔段ITS - 1-2序列分析表明，具有中间形态的个体实际上都是杂交个体。基因间叶绿体非编码间隔物rpl32-trnL的分析结果表明，60%的研究个体的母系种为加拿大葡萄。结果表明，即使位置很近的个体也不是克隆;因此，它们是有性繁殖的结果，而不是营养繁殖的结果。ISSR标记分析表明，该群体中的S. x niederederi不仅是F1杂交种，而且是其后代(F2杂交种和/或回交，主要与加拿大S. canadensis)。我们的结论是，S. x niederederi已经成功地在研究群落中归化，并且可能通过渗透胜过其本地亲本种S. virgaurea。
{"title":"Genetic structure of Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) population in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (European Russia)","authors":"Sergey N. Lysenkov, Maria A. Galkina","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae) is a natural hybrid of the native S. virgaurea and the alien invasive S. canadensis, originated in Europe. Its naturalisation potential is still questionable. One of the largest (more than 20 ramet clusters, treated as individuals) known population of this nothospecies, is located in the «Aleksin Bor» Natural Monument (Aleksin town, Tula Region, Russia) in the floodplain of the River Oka. We studied its genetic structure with the help of chloroplast and nuclear markers. Analysis of sequence of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS 1–2 showed that all individuals with intermediate morphology are actually hybrids. Data on the intergenic chloroplast non-coding spacer rpl32–trnL showed that S. canadensis is the maternal species in 60% of the studied individuals. It was shown that even closely located individuals were not clones; therefore, they were results of sexual, rather than vegetative reproduction. Analysis of ISSR markers showed that the studied individuals of S. × niederederi in this population are not only F1 hybrids, but also their descendants (F2 hybrids and/or backcrosses, mostly with S. canadensis). We conclude that S. × niederederi has successfully been naturalised in the studied community and, possibly, is outcompeting its native parental species, S. virgaurea, through introgression.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victor I. López-Rojas, Carmina Torreblanca-Ramírez, Jesús G. Padilla-Serrato, Pedro Flores-Rodríguez, Rafael Flores-Garza
In Mexico, due to its high biological diversity, use of its resources, and a lack of knowledge about its biodiversity, Priority Marine Regions have been designated. The classification of these regions has served as an instrument for the large-scale conservation because the species composition is relatively homogeneous in these regions. This study reports some ecological attributes of bivalves from the Priority Marine Regions located in the Mexican Transitional Pacific ecoregion. Three samplings have been carried out in 2016–2018 in the rocky intertidal zone. In each sample per site, an area of 10 m2 was covered, and the sampling unit was 1 m2. A total of 4119 specimens were recorded, by identifying 53 species (35 genera, 18 families, and two specimens identified to genus). The richness of the species expected was calculated using non-parametric estimators, by showing acceptable completeness of the inventory. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded in the Copala-Punta Maldonado region (33 species), whereas the highest abundance and density were found in the Colola-Maruata region (30.9 individuals/m2). The best-represented species in abundance and distribution were Chama coralloides, Brachidontes adamsianus, Isognomon janus, and Choromytilus palliopunctatus. By considering their life form and degree of occurrence, studied bivalves attached to a hard substrate (epifaunal species) and restricted to habitats with particular characteristics (occasional species) were the most commonly found. The information provided here is directed to eight Marine Regions designated as a priority for conservation in Mexico, which is important for planning, decision-making, and formulating initiatives aimed at helping to co-ordinate management practice through outreach efforts to the conservation and sustainable use of bivalves as marine resources.
{"title":"The bivalves (Mollusca) from Priority Marine Regions in the centre-south of the Mexican Transitional Pacific, associated with the rocky intertidal zone","authors":"Victor I. López-Rojas, Carmina Torreblanca-Ramírez, Jesús G. Padilla-Serrato, Pedro Flores-Rodríguez, Rafael Flores-Garza","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, due to its high biological diversity, use of its resources, and a lack of knowledge about its biodiversity, Priority Marine Regions have been designated. The classification of these regions has served as an instrument for the large-scale conservation because the species composition is relatively homogeneous in these regions. This study reports some ecological attributes of bivalves from the Priority Marine Regions located in the Mexican Transitional Pacific ecoregion. Three samplings have been carried out in 2016–2018 in the rocky intertidal zone. In each sample per site, an area of 10 m2 was covered, and the sampling unit was 1 m2. A total of 4119 specimens were recorded, by identifying 53 species (35 genera, 18 families, and two specimens identified to genus). The richness of the species expected was calculated using non-parametric estimators, by showing acceptable completeness of the inventory. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded in the Copala-Punta Maldonado region (33 species), whereas the highest abundance and density were found in the Colola-Maruata region (30.9 individuals/m2). The best-represented species in abundance and distribution were Chama coralloides, Brachidontes adamsianus, Isognomon janus, and Choromytilus palliopunctatus. By considering their life form and degree of occurrence, studied bivalves attached to a hard substrate (epifaunal species) and restricted to habitats with particular characteristics (occasional species) were the most commonly found. The information provided here is directed to eight Marine Regions designated as a priority for conservation in Mexico, which is important for planning, decision-making, and formulating initiatives aimed at helping to co-ordinate management practice through outreach efforts to the conservation and sustainable use of bivalves as marine resources.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutritional condition indices have been frequently used as morphophysiological indicators to study variations on lobster's physiology and energy reserves. This study was aimed to determine long-term spatio-temporal variations in nutritional conditions of Panulirus argus (hereinafter – lobster), considering two indices, namely the analytic Blood Refractive Index (BRI) and the morphometric Kcl (total weight / carapace length relationship). Information from eleven sites in the Caibarién region, sampled in 2010–2015, and twelve sites in the Batabanó region, sampled in 2011–2017, were named as the Current Period. Morphometric data for Kcl estimation, including 1987–1988 in the Caibarién region, and 1981–1993 in the Batabanó region, were grouped as the Past Period. Temporary variations were determined comparing Past and Current periods at each region. Spatial variations were determined by comparing the data between the two regions. For analysed lobsters in the Current period, we determined BRI = 14.3, Kcl = 7.0 in the Caibarién region, and BRI = 15.2. Kcl = 7.0 in the Batabanó region. For the Past period, the Kcl value was 5.8 and 6.3 in the Caibarién and Batabanó region, respectively. Both Kcl and BRI indices were higher for male individuals. This could be associated with the reproductive process, and intrinsic morphometric differences between sexes could influence though. Morphometric parameters were higher for the Current Period. Spatial variations of morphometric parameters were significantly different for the Past Period, which were attributed to different environmental conditions in each region. The BRI index was higher in the Batabanó region, which was possibly associated with the better status of the benthic communities and the better water quality. Present results contribute to understanding lobster's nutritional condition in natural habitats, mainly in the Caibarién region, where few studies have been carried out to date.
{"title":"Long-term variations in nutritional condition of Panulirus argus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Cuba: analytical and morphological approaches","authors":"Alexander Lopeztegui-Castillo","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional condition indices have been frequently used as morphophysiological indicators to study variations on lobster's physiology and energy reserves. This study was aimed to determine long-term spatio-temporal variations in nutritional conditions of Panulirus argus (hereinafter – lobster), considering two indices, namely the analytic Blood Refractive Index (BRI) and the morphometric Kcl (total weight / carapace length relationship). Information from eleven sites in the Caibarién region, sampled in 2010–2015, and twelve sites in the Batabanó region, sampled in 2011–2017, were named as the Current Period. Morphometric data for Kcl estimation, including 1987–1988 in the Caibarién region, and 1981–1993 in the Batabanó region, were grouped as the Past Period. Temporary variations were determined comparing Past and Current periods at each region. Spatial variations were determined by comparing the data between the two regions. For analysed lobsters in the Current period, we determined BRI = 14.3, Kcl = 7.0 in the Caibarién region, and BRI = 15.2. Kcl = 7.0 in the Batabanó region. For the Past period, the Kcl value was 5.8 and 6.3 in the Caibarién and Batabanó region, respectively. Both Kcl and BRI indices were higher for male individuals. This could be associated with the reproductive process, and intrinsic morphometric differences between sexes could influence though. Morphometric parameters were higher for the Current Period. Spatial variations of morphometric parameters were significantly different for the Past Period, which were attributed to different environmental conditions in each region. The BRI index was higher in the Batabanó region, which was possibly associated with the better status of the benthic communities and the better water quality. Present results contribute to understanding lobster's nutritional condition in natural habitats, mainly in the Caibarién region, where few studies have been carried out to date.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several songbird species use two singing modes, which are functionally different. The first mode is preferentially used at the beginning of the breeding cycle, and serves to attract females, while the second mode is used later in the season as well as during territorial countersigning. The two singing modes are well known in many Parulidae species from North America. The repeat mode (type I songs) comprises repetitions of a single song type. The serial mode (type II songs) consists of several song types sung in a versatile sequence. In Eurasia, a similar acoustic behaviour is known in several Phylloscopus species. However, these data are still scarce. Additionally, it is not yet fully understood whether the song structure per se or the song bout organisation (e.g. song-type diversity) plays a primary role in communication of the aforementioned songbirds. In this respect, it could be useful to analyse acoustic behaviour of Phylloscopus humei because its males have only two song types, namely song type I and song type II. These song types differ greatly in structure. In this study, we used playback experiments to ask whether these song types differ in their function. The study has been conducted in 2019–2021 in the federal State Nature Sanctuary «Posarym» (Republic of Khakassia, Russia) at the beginning of the breeding cycle of Phylloscopus humei. While singing spontaneously, males predominantly use song type I. The use of song type II is increased immediately after playback presentation. In contrast, males did not increase the rate of song type II during the playback. Instead, they produced two call types at that time, which apparently serves as an aggressive signal. Our study has shown that the use of two song types is different. Song type I is predominately used for advertising the territory and attracting a female. In contrast, song type II is more often used in countersigning between neighbouring males, although not at a time of direct aggression, i.e. during the playback. Noteworthy, we also found that males can share song type II but not song type I from their repertoires. In turn, the song sharing is thought to play a role in male-male interaction.
{"title":"Structural-functional characteristics of two song types in Phylloscopus humei (Phylloscopidae)","authors":"Svetlana G. Meshcheryagina, A. Opaev","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Several songbird species use two singing modes, which are functionally different. The first mode is preferentially used at the beginning of the breeding cycle, and serves to attract females, while the second mode is used later in the season as well as during territorial countersigning. The two singing modes are well known in many Parulidae species from North America. The repeat mode (type I songs) comprises repetitions of a single song type. The serial mode (type II songs) consists of several song types sung in a versatile sequence. In Eurasia, a similar acoustic behaviour is known in several Phylloscopus species. However, these data are still scarce. Additionally, it is not yet fully understood whether the song structure per se or the song bout organisation (e.g. song-type diversity) plays a primary role in communication of the aforementioned songbirds. In this respect, it could be useful to analyse acoustic behaviour of Phylloscopus humei because its males have only two song types, namely song type I and song type II. These song types differ greatly in structure. In this study, we used playback experiments to ask whether these song types differ in their function. The study has been conducted in 2019–2021 in the federal State Nature Sanctuary «Posarym» (Republic of Khakassia, Russia) at the beginning of the breeding cycle of Phylloscopus humei. While singing spontaneously, males predominantly use song type I. The use of song type II is increased immediately after playback presentation. In contrast, males did not increase the rate of song type II during the playback. Instead, they produced two call types at that time, which apparently serves as an aggressive signal. Our study has shown that the use of two song types is different. Song type I is predominately used for advertising the territory and attracting a female. In contrast, song type II is more often used in countersigning between neighbouring males, although not at a time of direct aggression, i.e. during the playback. Noteworthy, we also found that males can share song type II but not song type I from their repertoires. In turn, the song sharing is thought to play a role in male-male interaction.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Van-The Pham, Olivier Le Duc, B. Leprince, Cédric Bordes, Charlotte Ducotterd, V. Q. Luu, Hoai An Le Thi, M. H. Nguyen, Van O. Lo, Van N. Ha, Q. B. Tran, L. Luiselli
Most of the extraordinary biodiversity richness of South-East Asian countries is concentrated in the national parks and other Protected Areas, with species-rich turtle communities surviving mostly in these reserves where their natural habitats are better preserved. However, very few studies have documented the turtle species richness of the various Protected Areas in Vietnam, which is not only one of the hotspots of chelonian diversity in the world but also one of the countries where their exploitation is the highest. Here, the diversity of turtles is studied in the Bach Ma National Park in central Vietnam, mainly characterised by forested hills and mountains, with ponds and streams of various shapes and structures. The study was carried out by conducting (i) semi-structured interviews of hunters recruited through a snow-ball procedure in local villages, (ii) inspection of turtle individuals in their hands, (iii) field surveys along random transects inspecting the various microhabitats used by these reptiles. We observed a total of 15 species, out of which 14 (93.3%) are threatened, based on IUCN Red List. A natural hybrid of Cuora bourreti × C. mouhotii obsti (Cuora «serrata») was observed. Three species (Cuora bourreti, Manouria impressa, Platysternon megacephalum) were the most frequently encountered species according to our interviewees. We conclude that, in order to enhance the conservation status of the turtle communities at the local level, it would be important (i) to increase the number of rangers patrolling the study area in the rainy season (from April to September) and (ii) to list the hunter's names in the villages surrounding the Bach Ma National Park and to convince them to sign an agreement with the local authorities to avoid hunting turtles within the Protected Area.
{"title":"An assessment of turtle communities in Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam","authors":"Van-The Pham, Olivier Le Duc, B. Leprince, Cédric Bordes, Charlotte Ducotterd, V. Q. Luu, Hoai An Le Thi, M. H. Nguyen, Van O. Lo, Van N. Ha, Q. B. Tran, L. Luiselli","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the extraordinary biodiversity richness of South-East Asian countries is concentrated in the national parks and other Protected Areas, with species-rich turtle communities surviving mostly in these reserves where their natural habitats are better preserved. However, very few studies have documented the turtle species richness of the various Protected Areas in Vietnam, which is not only one of the hotspots of chelonian diversity in the world but also one of the countries where their exploitation is the highest. Here, the diversity of turtles is studied in the Bach Ma National Park in central Vietnam, mainly characterised by forested hills and mountains, with ponds and streams of various shapes and structures. The study was carried out by conducting (i) semi-structured interviews of hunters recruited through a snow-ball procedure in local villages, (ii) inspection of turtle individuals in their hands, (iii) field surveys along random transects inspecting the various microhabitats used by these reptiles. We observed a total of 15 species, out of which 14 (93.3%) are threatened, based on IUCN Red List. A natural hybrid of Cuora bourreti × C. mouhotii obsti (Cuora «serrata») was observed. Three species (Cuora bourreti, Manouria impressa, Platysternon megacephalum) were the most frequently encountered species according to our interviewees. We conclude that, in order to enhance the conservation status of the turtle communities at the local level, it would be important (i) to increase the number of rangers patrolling the study area in the rainy season (from April to September) and (ii) to list the hunter's names in the villages surrounding the Bach Ma National Park and to convince them to sign an agreement with the local authorities to avoid hunting turtles within the Protected Area.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83010829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A morphological variety of pyrogenic transformations characterises burnt areas of the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park (Russia), from heavily damaged areas with a partially remained forest stand to bare spaces of tens of square metres. This enabled us to study the dynamics of the post-fire reproduction of Pinus sylvestris (hereinafter – pine) forests in areas with various environmental conditions. The main goal of our study was to determine the nature of the pyrogenic transformation of ecosystems and to evaluate the success of the forest reproduction. The studies were based on the geobotanical monitoring in two burnt-out areas, differing in the degree and area of wildfire damage due to a creeping fire in 2010. Between 2014 and 2020, we considered the multi-temporal specificity of the species composition of the forest stand, shrub layer, and plant communities. The emergence of the first shoots of undergrowth and new growth has been recorded. The projective cover and the dynamics of the species abundance in all forest layers were fixed. The analysis of the natural reforestation dynamics revealed a similarity of the main geobotanical indicators. Pine seedlings dominated in the undergrowth of the study sites, with a small proportion of Betula pendula. The shrub layer consisted of Rosa acicularis. Rhododendron dauricum has been found there only at the late stage of the study. In the herbaceous layer, the largest proportion was represented by meadow species, with a small participation of forest plants. Differences were revealed during the emergence of first seedlings of undergrowth and new growth, as well as in the size of projective cover of species in all forest layers. The first pine seedlings on a heavily burnt-out study plot were recorded a year earlier than on a less transformed plot. Nevertheless, the height increment and the projective cover of the undergrowth were significantly higher on the burnt-out area of a medium damage degree. On the heavily fire-damaged area, we observed pine seedlings planted by the staff of the Tunkinskiy National Park. A satisfactory rate of seedling survival at the initial stage and further deceleration of growth parameters have been noted. The obtained results indicate the reforestation success and, therefore, a favourable forecast of post-fire recovery of light-coniferous forests in the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park.
{"title":"Post-fire restoration of pine forests in the Badary area, Tunkinskiy National Park, Russia","authors":"Z. Atutova","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"A morphological variety of pyrogenic transformations characterises burnt areas of the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park (Russia), from heavily damaged areas with a partially remained forest stand to bare spaces of tens of square metres. This enabled us to study the dynamics of the post-fire reproduction of Pinus sylvestris (hereinafter – pine) forests in areas with various environmental conditions. The main goal of our study was to determine the nature of the pyrogenic transformation of ecosystems and to evaluate the success of the forest reproduction. The studies were based on the geobotanical monitoring in two burnt-out areas, differing in the degree and area of wildfire damage due to a creeping fire in 2010. Between 2014 and 2020, we considered the multi-temporal specificity of the species composition of the forest stand, shrub layer, and plant communities. The emergence of the first shoots of undergrowth and new growth has been recorded. The projective cover and the dynamics of the species abundance in all forest layers were fixed. The analysis of the natural reforestation dynamics revealed a similarity of the main geobotanical indicators. Pine seedlings dominated in the undergrowth of the study sites, with a small proportion of Betula pendula. The shrub layer consisted of Rosa acicularis. Rhododendron dauricum has been found there only at the late stage of the study. In the herbaceous layer, the largest proportion was represented by meadow species, with a small participation of forest plants. Differences were revealed during the emergence of first seedlings of undergrowth and new growth, as well as in the size of projective cover of species in all forest layers. The first pine seedlings on a heavily burnt-out study plot were recorded a year earlier than on a less transformed plot. Nevertheless, the height increment and the projective cover of the undergrowth were significantly higher on the burnt-out area of a medium damage degree. On the heavily fire-damaged area, we observed pine seedlings planted by the staff of the Tunkinskiy National Park. A satisfactory rate of seedling survival at the initial stage and further deceleration of growth parameters have been noted. The obtained results indicate the reforestation success and, therefore, a favourable forecast of post-fire recovery of light-coniferous forests in the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90669950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ananyev, A. Pekkoev, S. Grabovik, S. Moshnikov, M. Medvedeva, A. Ruokolainen, Varvara M. Kolesnikova, Victoria V. Grabeklis
In windthrow-affected areas, the research of biota is of high relevance taking into account the lack of knowledge about the dynamics of their flora, soil properties, and tree stand regeneration. An important task is to study the mechanisms of the natural dynamics of plant communities after major disturbances in large boreal forests. This paper was aimed to investigate the effects of a total windthrow event on the dynamics of biodiversity in pristine mid-boreal spruce (Picea abies) forests. The study was carried out in the Vodlozersky National Park (Northwest Russia: Arkhangelsk Region and Republic of Karelia), situated in the northern and middle taiga subzones. A series of permanent sample plots was established in an area affected by massive windthrow in 2000. The windthrow consequences of the forest communities have been studied, starting from the year of the event (2000) at 2–5-year intervals. A soil survey has been conducted in 2016. Windthrown trees, situated in the sample plots, were counted by species and diameter classes. Natural regeneration was estimated in subplots with a division to height cohorts and vitality status. Geobotanical relevé sampling of the ground vegetation has been conducted in 1 × 1-m permanent plots. Aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) were counted by fruit bodies. Main soil pits and partial pits were dug. The morphological description of soils was produced in both undisturbed and disturbed sites in the study area. Obtained data, covering 20 years of surveys of various components of the forest plant communities (tree stand, advance regeneration, ground vegetation, wood-destroying fungi, soils), were analysed. We found that 16–20 years after the windthrow event the species and age structure of the tree stand has been considerably changed due to the forest stand rejuvenation. Post-windthrow regeneration of coniferous species in the true-moss group of forests has been successfully going on. By the end of the second decade after the windthrow event, cowberry spruce forests contained 4300 individuals/0.01 km2 of viable spruce regeneration, including 1500 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. In the bilberry-Sphagnum-type forest, spruce regeneration amounted to 8700 individuals/0.01 km2, including 2200 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. This amount is sufficient to ensure the development of spruce-dominated communities in the future. Since the forest ecosystems were recovering after the windthrow, the biodiversity of changed, that was reflected in an increase in the species composition of the ground vegetation and fungal communities. Over the study period (2001–2021), surveys of the sample plots demonstrated 83 aphyllophoroid fungi species, including five species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia, as well as 22 taxa, considered old-growth forest indicator- and specialist species. The number of wood-destroying fungi species wa
{"title":"Biodiversity dynamics in primary mid-taiga spruce forests after total windthrow in the Vodlozersky National Park, Russia","authors":"V. Ananyev, A. Pekkoev, S. Grabovik, S. Moshnikov, M. Medvedeva, A. Ruokolainen, Varvara M. Kolesnikova, Victoria V. Grabeklis","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"In windthrow-affected areas, the research of biota is of high relevance taking into account the lack of knowledge about the dynamics of their flora, soil properties, and tree stand regeneration. An important task is to study the mechanisms of the natural dynamics of plant communities after major disturbances in large boreal forests. This paper was aimed to investigate the effects of a total windthrow event on the dynamics of biodiversity in pristine mid-boreal spruce (Picea abies) forests. The study was carried out in the Vodlozersky National Park (Northwest Russia: Arkhangelsk Region and Republic of Karelia), situated in the northern and middle taiga subzones. A series of permanent sample plots was established in an area affected by massive windthrow in 2000. The windthrow consequences of the forest communities have been studied, starting from the year of the event (2000) at 2–5-year intervals. A soil survey has been conducted in 2016. Windthrown trees, situated in the sample plots, were counted by species and diameter classes. Natural regeneration was estimated in subplots with a division to height cohorts and vitality status. Geobotanical relevé sampling of the ground vegetation has been conducted in 1 × 1-m permanent plots. Aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) were counted by fruit bodies. Main soil pits and partial pits were dug. The morphological description of soils was produced in both undisturbed and disturbed sites in the study area. Obtained data, covering 20 years of surveys of various components of the forest plant communities (tree stand, advance regeneration, ground vegetation, wood-destroying fungi, soils), were analysed. We found that 16–20 years after the windthrow event the species and age structure of the tree stand has been considerably changed due to the forest stand rejuvenation. Post-windthrow regeneration of coniferous species in the true-moss group of forests has been successfully going on. By the end of the second decade after the windthrow event, cowberry spruce forests contained 4300 individuals/0.01 km2 of viable spruce regeneration, including 1500 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. In the bilberry-Sphagnum-type forest, spruce regeneration amounted to 8700 individuals/0.01 km2, including 2200 individuals/0.01 km2 belonging to the large size category of spruce trees. This amount is sufficient to ensure the development of spruce-dominated communities in the future. Since the forest ecosystems were recovering after the windthrow, the biodiversity of changed, that was reflected in an increase in the species composition of the ground vegetation and fungal communities. Over the study period (2001–2021), surveys of the sample plots demonstrated 83 aphyllophoroid fungi species, including five species included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia, as well as 22 taxa, considered old-growth forest indicator- and specialist species. The number of wood-destroying fungi species wa","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of estimating the population density and abundance of Ursus arctos (hereinafter – brown bear) in the Southern Forestry of the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (CFNR), West of European Russia, in 2021 based on the Random Encounter Model (REM) based upon data obtained from camera traps. Methods for obtaining parameters necessary for building a model are demonstrated. A total of 7970 camera trap nights were worked out at 46 stations, and 502 independent trap events were obtained. The average relative abundance index (RAI) was 6.28 ± 1.59. The total average brown bear population density was 0.086 ± 0.034 individuals per 1 km2. The approximate estimated abundance was 18.98 ± 7.54 individuals. The coefficient of variation was 38%. Population density estimates had a pronounced seasonal dynamics. The minimum value was recorded for the period from 24 June to 23 July (individuals feeding on meadows and ants outside the CFNR core area), and the maximum for the period from 24 July to 22 August (brown bears feeding by berries in the CFNR core area). We found a strong significant correlation between brown bear population density and its relative abundance index (r = 0.81, p < 0.05). It was found that with an increase in the sampling period duration, the estimate of the population density noticeably decreases (r = -0.53, p < 0.05). Parameters of the average travel speed and activity level are a subject to the greatest variability, which determines the significant variability of the day range. In general, the method of population density estimation using REM is highly promising to carry out the brown bear population size estimation in forests and mountain forests, where visual estimations are difficult or impossible.
本文介绍了基于相机陷阱数据的随机相遇模型(REM)对俄罗斯西部中央森林国家自然生物圈保护区(CFNR)南部森林地区2021年熊(以下简称棕熊)种群密度和丰度的估算结果。演示了获取建立模型所需参数的方法。在46个站点共计算了7970个相机陷阱夜，获得了502个独立陷阱事件。平均相对丰度指数(RAI)为6.28±1.59。棕熊总平均种群密度为0.086±0.034只/ 1 km2。估计丰度为18.98±7.54只。变异系数为38%。人口密度估计具有明显的季节性动态。最小值出现在6月24日至7月23日(以草地和蚂蚁为食)，最大值出现在7月24日至8月22日(棕熊以浆果为食)。棕熊种群密度与其相对丰度指数呈极显著相关(r = 0.81, p < 0.05)。随着采样周期的延长，种群密度估计值显著降低(r = -0.53, p < 0.05)。平均旅行速度和活动水平的参数是变化最大的一个主题，这决定了日范围的显著变化。总体而言，利用REM估算种群密度的方法在森林和山林中进行棕熊种群规模估算是很有希望的，因为目测估算是困难或不可能的。
{"title":"Estimating brown bear population density and abundance using camera traps in the Central Forest State Nature Reserve (west of European Russia)","authors":"S. Ogurtsov","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of estimating the population density and abundance of Ursus arctos (hereinafter – brown bear) in the Southern Forestry of the Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (CFNR), West of European Russia, in 2021 based on the Random Encounter Model (REM) based upon data obtained from camera traps. Methods for obtaining parameters necessary for building a model are demonstrated. A total of 7970 camera trap nights were worked out at 46 stations, and 502 independent trap events were obtained. The average relative abundance index (RAI) was 6.28 ± 1.59. The total average brown bear population density was 0.086 ± 0.034 individuals per 1 km2. The approximate estimated abundance was 18.98 ± 7.54 individuals. The coefficient of variation was 38%. Population density estimates had a pronounced seasonal dynamics. The minimum value was recorded for the period from 24 June to 23 July (individuals feeding on meadows and ants outside the CFNR core area), and the maximum for the period from 24 July to 22 August (brown bears feeding by berries in the CFNR core area). We found a strong significant correlation between brown bear population density and its relative abundance index (r = 0.81, p < 0.05). It was found that with an increase in the sampling period duration, the estimate of the population density noticeably decreases (r = -0.53, p < 0.05). Parameters of the average travel speed and activity level are a subject to the greatest variability, which determines the significant variability of the day range. In general, the method of population density estimation using REM is highly promising to carry out the brown bear population size estimation in forests and mountain forests, where visual estimations are difficult or impossible.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89348088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus found in Lake Baikal. Eutobrilus tsalolikhini sp. nov. is most similar to E. mirandus and E. obesus in body size and spicules length. It differs from E. mirandus in its thicker body, longer outer labial setae, larger stoma, and more supplements. It differs from E. obesus in a shorter tail, farther location of vulva from the anterior body end, longer outer labial setae, and more supplements. Eutobrilus olkhonensis sp. nov. is most similar to E. fortis and E. godlewskii in body size and supplements location but differs from both species in a thicker body, longer tail in males, shorter spicules, and fewer supplements.
{"title":"Two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus (Nematoda, Triplonchida) from Lake Baikal (Russia)","authors":"T. Naumova, V. Gagarin","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus found in Lake Baikal. Eutobrilus tsalolikhini sp. nov. is most similar to E. mirandus and E. obesus in body size and spicules length. It differs from E. mirandus in its thicker body, longer outer labial setae, larger stoma, and more supplements. It differs from E. obesus in a shorter tail, farther location of vulva from the anterior body end, longer outer labial setae, and more supplements. Eutobrilus olkhonensis sp. nov. is most similar to E. fortis and E. godlewskii in body size and supplements location but differs from both species in a thicker body, longer tail in males, shorter spicules, and fewer supplements.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82872226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Kovalchuk, L. Chernaya, V. Mishchenko, D. Berzin, N. V. Mikshevich
The paper has presented for the first time the results of a study of hematological and biochemical parameters of a threatened species of the fauna of the Middle Urals, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Amphibia). Mature males of S. keyserlingii (n = 30; sampled in spring and summer) living in the Protected Area «Kalinovsky Forest Park» (Sverdlovsk Region, Russia), located in the urban agglomeration of Yekaterinburg city, were used as research objects. The leukocyte composition of S. keyserlingii blood is represented by granulocytes (neutrophils: early, bands, segments; basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes). The peripheral blood of individuals was characterised by the predominance of agranulocytes. They provide immune surveillance and selective reactivity of the organism (adaptive immunity) both in spring (55.7%) and summer (60.3%) seasons (p < 0.001). The content of granulocytes, providing non-specific urgent protection of the organism from infections and toxic effects, is ranged as 39.3–44.4% in males. In the spring and summer periods, the leukocyte formula of the peripheral blood of S. keyserlingii has a high lymphoid profile (52.4–56.7%). Seasonal variability of the integral leukocyte index (ISL) of S. keyserlingii was 0.80 in spring and 0.65 in summer. The content of free amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii has been assessed for the first time from the standpoint of their participation in the processes of immunomodulation and the formation of adaptive reactions that ensures the survival and eurybiont of the species in a wide temperature range. The amino acid fund of S. keyserlingii blood plasma was represented by 17 amino acids: alanine, serine, threonine, lysine, leucine, valine, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, cystine, tyrosine, and isoleucine. The analysis of the metabolic groups of amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii shows a high percentage of glycogenic amino acid (GGAA: 82.1%) and essential amino acids (EAA: 53.4%). The high content of amino acids in the blood indicates their relevance in the processes of protein synthesis, active participation in both immune processes and in the processes of detoxification and the formation of adaptive reactions during the summer period of amphibian’s growth and development. The obtained results of studies of hematological and biochemical parameters of S. keyserlingii’s blood significantly expand the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of amphibians to conditions of natural and anthropogenic habitat transformations. This is undoubtedly of theoretical interest and applies significance for development of environmental measures in the monitoring system of natural and artificial aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Estimation of hematological and biochemical parameters of a representative of the amphibious fauna of the Urals: Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Amphibia)","authors":"L. Kovalchuk, L. Chernaya, V. Mishchenko, D. Berzin, N. V. Mikshevich","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"The paper has presented for the first time the results of a study of hematological and biochemical parameters of a threatened species of the fauna of the Middle Urals, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Caudata, Amphibia). Mature males of S. keyserlingii (n = 30; sampled in spring and summer) living in the Protected Area «Kalinovsky Forest Park» (Sverdlovsk Region, Russia), located in the urban agglomeration of Yekaterinburg city, were used as research objects. The leukocyte composition of S. keyserlingii blood is represented by granulocytes (neutrophils: early, bands, segments; basophils, eosinophils) and agranulocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes). The peripheral blood of individuals was characterised by the predominance of agranulocytes. They provide immune surveillance and selective reactivity of the organism (adaptive immunity) both in spring (55.7%) and summer (60.3%) seasons (p < 0.001). The content of granulocytes, providing non-specific urgent protection of the organism from infections and toxic effects, is ranged as 39.3–44.4% in males. In the spring and summer periods, the leukocyte formula of the peripheral blood of S. keyserlingii has a high lymphoid profile (52.4–56.7%). Seasonal variability of the integral leukocyte index (ISL) of S. keyserlingii was 0.80 in spring and 0.65 in summer. The content of free amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii has been assessed for the first time from the standpoint of their participation in the processes of immunomodulation and the formation of adaptive reactions that ensures the survival and eurybiont of the species in a wide temperature range. The amino acid fund of S. keyserlingii blood plasma was represented by 17 amino acids: alanine, serine, threonine, lysine, leucine, valine, glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, methionine, proline, phenylalanine, cystine, tyrosine, and isoleucine. The analysis of the metabolic groups of amino acids in the blood plasma of S. keyserlingii shows a high percentage of glycogenic amino acid (GGAA: 82.1%) and essential amino acids (EAA: 53.4%). The high content of amino acids in the blood indicates their relevance in the processes of protein synthesis, active participation in both immune processes and in the processes of detoxification and the formation of adaptive reactions during the summer period of amphibian’s growth and development. The obtained results of studies of hematological and biochemical parameters of S. keyserlingii’s blood significantly expand the understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of amphibians to conditions of natural and anthropogenic habitat transformations. This is undoubtedly of theoretical interest and applies significance for development of environmental measures in the monitoring system of natural and artificial aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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