A. Yatsuk, E. Nartshuk, A. Matyukhin, V. I. Anisimova, Yuri A. Anisimov, M. Markovets
Louse flies from the family Hippoboscidae parasitise birds and mammals. Both males and females feed on the blood and carry many dangerous diseases. Representatives of the genus Ornithoctona are full-winged, widely specialised parasites of birds. Before this study it was considered, that the genus Ornithoctona includes 12 species. Among them, only two species were recorded in the Palaearctic (from Kazakhstan, Russian Far East, and Kuril Islands). Other ones inhabit Africa, tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the New World. During the annual bird ringing in the Baikal State Nature Reserve (Russia), a new species of the genus Ornithoctona (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) (Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov.) was collected and described. Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov. was found on Zoothera dauma, a common species, that breeds in Eastern Siberia and winters in China. Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov. differs from all known Palearctic and Asian Ornithoctona species in larger body size (length of the head + thorax is 5.5–6.0 mm). Additionally, the new species differs from O. plicata in the wing-setulae, while O. plicata has no wing-setulae. It differs from O. soror and O. australaisiae in the ventral and dorsal view of the abdominal apices. A single key for all World species of the genus Ornithoctona is composed.
{"title":"A new Ornithoctona (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) species from Baikal State Nature Reserve (Russia)","authors":"A. Yatsuk, E. Nartshuk, A. Matyukhin, V. I. Anisimova, Yuri A. Anisimov, M. Markovets","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"Louse flies from the family Hippoboscidae parasitise birds and mammals. Both males and females feed on the blood and carry many dangerous diseases. Representatives of the genus Ornithoctona are full-winged, widely specialised parasites of birds. Before this study it was considered, that the genus Ornithoctona includes 12 species. Among them, only two species were recorded in the Palaearctic (from Kazakhstan, Russian Far East, and Kuril Islands). Other ones inhabit Africa, tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the New World. During the annual bird ringing in the Baikal State Nature Reserve (Russia), a new species of the genus Ornithoctona (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) (Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov.) was collected and described. Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov. was found on Zoothera dauma, a common species, that breeds in Eastern Siberia and winters in China. Ornithoctona zootherae sp. nov. differs from all known Palearctic and Asian Ornithoctona species in larger body size (length of the head + thorax is 5.5–6.0 mm). Additionally, the new species differs from O. plicata in the wing-setulae, while O. plicata has no wing-setulae. It differs from O. soror and O. australaisiae in the ventral and dorsal view of the abdominal apices. A single key for all World species of the genus Ornithoctona is composed.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85412725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Dvořák, A. Ruchin, L. Egorov, V. Aleksanov, Sergey K. Alekseev, Nikolai V. Shulaev, E. Zakharova
The study of the insect distribution in geographical areas is relevant since it is important in terms of understanding the global trend of biodiversity decline. The paper presents the results of a study on the distribution of six species of Panorpidae (Mecoptera), carried out in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2017–2020. One part of data was collected by the authors. Other material was provided by colleagues from 11 regions in Russia. In European Russia, six species of Panorpa are reliably known, namely Panorpa alpina, P. cognata, P. communis, P. germanica, P. hybrida, and P. vulgaris. The most common and frequently encountered species are P. communis (in 21 regions), P. hybrida (in 12 regions), P. vulgaris (in 11 regions), and P. cognata (in 11 regions). It is assumed that all studied species can be found in other regions of European Russia as a result of further investigations. Among the studied species, P. alpina and P. germanica are the rarest species, recorded from two and one regions, respectively. Panorpa vulgaris was found for the first time in Russia.
{"title":"Distribution of species from the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera, Panorpidae) in European Russia except the Caucasus","authors":"L. Dvořák, A. Ruchin, L. Egorov, V. Aleksanov, Sergey K. Alekseev, Nikolai V. Shulaev, E. Zakharova","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the insect distribution in geographical areas is relevant since it is important in terms of understanding the global trend of biodiversity decline. The paper presents the results of a study on the distribution of six species of Panorpidae (Mecoptera), carried out in 2008, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2017–2020. One part of data was collected by the authors. Other material was provided by colleagues from 11 regions in Russia. In European Russia, six species of Panorpa are reliably known, namely Panorpa alpina, P. cognata, P. communis, P. germanica, P. hybrida, and P. vulgaris. The most common and frequently encountered species are P. communis (in 21 regions), P. hybrida (in 12 regions), P. vulgaris (in 11 regions), and P. cognata (in 11 regions). It is assumed that all studied species can be found in other regions of European Russia as a result of further investigations. Among the studied species, P. alpina and P. germanica are the rarest species, recorded from two and one regions, respectively. Panorpa vulgaris was found for the first time in Russia.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77884086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Velichko, Anastasia S. Makeeva, S. Averina, S. Smirnova
Extensive brownish biofilms of algal-bacterial communities were found on stones in streams in the Valdaysky National Park (Russia). The dominant unicellular cyanobacteria in biofilms was determined as Chamaesiphon sp. Although species of this genus often occur in the periphyton of fast-flowing waters, many of them have a geographically limited distribution and occur mainly in mountain streams and rivers in Europe. The strain Chamaesiphon sp. CALU 1864 was isolated from epilithic biofilms in the spring Tekunok. We found that it differs from previously described species not only by its unusual purple pigmentation, but also by morphological features. Molecular-genetic analysis of the primary 16S rRNA sequence and secondary structures of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal operon also confirmed its uniqueness. Phylogenetically, the strain represents an independent lineage on the evolutionary tree. Based on the differences found, which provide strong support for its delineation, we propose to consider strain CALU 1864 as a new species, Chamaesiphon fontinalis sp. nov., first discovered in Russia and described in accordance with the current rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.
{"title":"Chamaesiphon fontinalis sp. nov., a new species of unicellular asymmetrically dividing cyanobacteria","authors":"N. Velichko, Anastasia S. Makeeva, S. Averina, S. Smirnova","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive brownish biofilms of algal-bacterial communities were found on stones in streams in the Valdaysky National Park (Russia). The dominant unicellular cyanobacteria in biofilms was determined as Chamaesiphon sp. Although species of this genus often occur in the periphyton of fast-flowing waters, many of them have a geographically limited distribution and occur mainly in mountain streams and rivers in Europe. The strain Chamaesiphon sp. CALU 1864 was isolated from epilithic biofilms in the spring Tekunok. We found that it differs from previously described species not only by its unusual purple pigmentation, but also by morphological features. Molecular-genetic analysis of the primary 16S rRNA sequence and secondary structures of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal operon also confirmed its uniqueness. Phylogenetically, the strain represents an independent lineage on the evolutionary tree. Based on the differences found, which provide strong support for its delineation, we propose to consider strain CALU 1864 as a new species, Chamaesiphon fontinalis sp. nov., first discovered in Russia and described in accordance with the current rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75852049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent field surveys on snails conducted in the oriental region of Morocco have led to the discovery of a new species belonging to a new genus, described here as Znassela bnisnasensis gen. et sp. nov. It can be distinguished from the other hydrobiid snails by the morphology of the shell and male anatomy. The new hydrobiid snail differs mainly by its elongated ovate shell with 4.5 whorls, slightly convex with a shallow suture, and by the penis showing a swelling near the penis tip; the latter has two penial appendices located on the same side. Znassela bnisnasensis has been found in the Béni-Snassen massif, considered a Protected Area in the north-eastern part of Morocco and which is a Site of Ecological and Biological Interest (known as SEBI or SIBE). Photographs of the holotype and paratypes are presented, with the penis morphology, habitat and information on its autecology.
最近在摩洛哥东部地区对蜗牛进行的实地调查导致发现了一个属于一个新属的新种，这里描述为Znassela bnisnasensis gen. et sp. 11 .它可以通过壳的形态和雄性解剖结构与其他水生蜗牛区分开来。新型水螅蜗牛的不同之处主要在于其有4.5个螺旋的卵形外壳，有浅缝，略凸，阴茎在阴茎尖端附近有肿胀;后者有两个阴茎阑尾位于同一侧。Znassela bnisnasensis是在bassni - snassen地块发现的，该地块被认为是摩洛哥东北部的一个保护区，也是一个生态和生物利益遗址(称为SEBI或SIBE)。照片的全型和准型提出，与阴茎形态，栖息地和信息，其鉴定技术。
{"title":"A new genus and new species of springsnails (Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae) from North-East Morocco","authors":"A. F. Taybi, P. Glöer, Y. Mabrouki","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Recent field surveys on snails conducted in the oriental region of Morocco have led to the discovery of a new species belonging to a new genus, described here as Znassela bnisnasensis gen. et sp. nov. It can be distinguished from the other hydrobiid snails by the morphology of the shell and male anatomy. The new hydrobiid snail differs mainly by its elongated ovate shell with 4.5 whorls, slightly convex with a shallow suture, and by the penis showing a swelling near the penis tip; the latter has two penial appendices located on the same side. Znassela bnisnasensis has been found in the Béni-Snassen massif, considered a Protected Area in the north-eastern part of Morocco and which is a Site of Ecological and Biological Interest (known as SEBI or SIBE). Photographs of the holotype and paratypes are presented, with the penis morphology, habitat and information on its autecology.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86394978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Esin, A. Ruchin, Dmitriy I. Gavryushin, Y. Xi, L. Dvořák, K. Dvor̆áková
The nature conservation depends on the completeness of the knowledge about the biodiversity in the study area. Today, data on distribution and diversity of Diptera taxa remain fragmentary. This paper supplements data on the diversity of Diptera species in Europe, Russia, and the Republic of Mordovia. We have studied 1321 specimens of 241 species collected in 2013–2022. Among them, there are species, which are new for Russia (Neoempheria brevilineata, Desmometopa discipalpis) and for both Russia and Europe (Nepphyllomyza flavescensis, Phyllomyza auriculatusa, P. luteipalpis, P. orbita, P. piceus, P. striolatum). We have found for the first time 231 Diptera species for the fauna of the Republic of Mordovia; the families of Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Scatopsidae, Platypezidae, Micropezidae, Opomyzidae, Asteiidae, and Milichiidae have been found for the first time in this region. Anthrax incomptus (Bombyliidae), being previously reported for the Republic of Mordovia, has been excluded now from the fauna of this region. Nine Diptera species have been previously indicated for the Republic of Mordovia without reliable confirmation by collected specimens. In this study, we have confirmed their presence in the Republic of Mordovia. Taking into account the results of the present paper, the Diptera fauna of the Republic of Mordovia includes currently 1187 species belonging to 71 families. Data on collecting methods have been presented for the found species. We provide a comparison of collecting methods and suggestions for an effective inventory of the regional Diptera fauna. We are of the view that the number of the used collecting methods affects positively the results of the fauna inventory.
研究区生物多样性知识的完备性决定了自然保护的成败。目前，关于双翅目分类群的分布和多样性的数据仍然是零碎的。本文补充了欧洲、俄罗斯和摩尔多瓦共和国双翅目物种多样性的资料。我们研究了2013-2022年间采集的241个物种1321个标本。其中有俄罗斯新种(neempheria brevilineata, Desmometopa discippis)和俄罗斯和欧洲新种(nephyllomyza flavescensis, Phyllomyza auriculatusa, P. luteipalpis, P. orbita, P. piceus, P. striolatum)。首次在摩尔多瓦共和国的动物群中发现231种双翅目;在该地区首次发现了蠓科、角蠓科、蠓科、蠓科、小蠓科、蠓科、蠓科等。以前在莫尔多维亚共和国报告的不产炭疽(家蚕科)现在已从该地区的动物群中排除。以前曾在莫尔多维亚共和国发现9种双翅目昆虫，但未得到收集标本的可靠证实。在这项研究中，我们证实了它们在摩尔多瓦共和国的存在。考虑到本文的结果，摩尔多瓦共和国的双翅目动物群目前包括71科1187种。已发现物种的收集方法的数据已被提出。我们提供了收集方法的比较和建议，以有效地清查区域双翅目区系。我们认为，采用的收集方法的数量对动物清查结果有积极的影响。
{"title":"Diptera species, new for the Republic of Mordovia, Russia","authors":"M. Esin, A. Ruchin, Dmitriy I. Gavryushin, Y. Xi, L. Dvořák, K. Dvor̆áková","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"The nature conservation depends on the completeness of the knowledge about the biodiversity in the study area. Today, data on distribution and diversity of Diptera taxa remain fragmentary. This paper supplements data on the diversity of Diptera species in Europe, Russia, and the Republic of Mordovia. We have studied 1321 specimens of 241 species collected in 2013–2022. Among them, there are species, which are new for Russia (Neoempheria brevilineata, Desmometopa discipalpis) and for both Russia and Europe (Nepphyllomyza flavescensis, Phyllomyza auriculatusa, P. luteipalpis, P. orbita, P. piceus, P. striolatum). We have found for the first time 231 Diptera species for the fauna of the Republic of Mordovia; the families of Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Scatopsidae, Platypezidae, Micropezidae, Opomyzidae, Asteiidae, and Milichiidae have been found for the first time in this region. Anthrax incomptus (Bombyliidae), being previously reported for the Republic of Mordovia, has been excluded now from the fauna of this region. Nine Diptera species have been previously indicated for the Republic of Mordovia without reliable confirmation by collected specimens. In this study, we have confirmed their presence in the Republic of Mordovia. Taking into account the results of the present paper, the Diptera fauna of the Republic of Mordovia includes currently 1187 species belonging to 71 families. Data on collecting methods have been presented for the found species. We provide a comparison of collecting methods and suggestions for an effective inventory of the regional Diptera fauna. We are of the view that the number of the used collecting methods affects positively the results of the fauna inventory.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90032644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Trujillo-Arias, Víctor H. Serrano-Cardozo, M. P. Ramírez-Pinilla
Tropical forests of Colombia have one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. The humid forest of the Magdalena valley region is one of the ecosystems with the highest risk of landscape transformation, despite being home to many endemic and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a Peasant Reserve Zone in the conservation of tropical humid forests and endangered species in the Magdalena valley region. To reach this aim, we performed a multi-temporal analysis of the forest dynamics in the Peasant Reserve Zone-Cimitarra River Valley (PRZ-CRV) and assessed the extinction risk of eight species endemic to Colombia. Our outcomes indicated that the most extended land cover in the PRZ-CRV is the forest (56.30%), followed by open areas (38.75%). The forest dynamics analysis indicated that the forest cover has decreased by 3.82% between 2017 and 2019, being the area with redoubts from the Serranía de San Lucas Forest the most conserved. Finally, our results indicated that less than 50% of the climatically suitable areas for each species are covered by forests and that less than 10% of those areas are covered by Protected Areas, while for such species as Agalychnis terranova and Ateles hybridus the PRZ-CRV covered a higher percentage of their distribution than all Protected Areas together in this ecosystem. In conclusion, our results have indicated that the PRZ-CRV could be an important area for the maintenance and conservation of humid forests and their associated fauna, playing an important role as an ally to the Protected Area system in the Magdalena valley region.
哥伦比亚的热带森林是世界上森林砍伐率最高的国家之一。马格达莱纳山谷地区的潮湿森林是景观转变风险最高的生态系统之一，尽管它是许多特有和受威胁物种的家园。本研究的目的是评估农民保护区在马格达莱纳河谷地区热带湿润森林和濒危物种保护中的作用。为了实现这一目标，我们对农民保护区- cimitarra河流域(PRZ-CRV)的森林动态进行了多时间分析，并评估了8种哥伦比亚特有物种的灭绝风险。结果表明:青藏高原森林覆盖面积最大(56.30%)，其次是开阔地带(38.75%);森林动态分析表明，2017 - 2019年，森林覆盖面积减少了3.82%，其中Serranía de San Lucas森林的堡垒区域保存最完整。最后，我们的研究结果表明，每个物种的气候适宜区域的森林覆盖面积不到50%，保护区覆盖面积不到10%，而对于Agalychnis terranova和Ateles hybridus等物种，PRZ-CRV覆盖的比例高于该生态系统中所有保护区的总和。综上所述，PRZ-CRV可能是湿润森林及其伴生动物维持和保护的重要区域，在马格达莱纳河流域保护区系统中发挥着重要的盟友作用。
{"title":"Role of a campesine reserve zone in the Magdalena Valley (Colombia) in the conservation of endangered tropical rainforests","authors":"Natalia Trujillo-Arias, Víctor H. Serrano-Cardozo, M. P. Ramírez-Pinilla","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical forests of Colombia have one of the highest deforestation rates in the world. The humid forest of the Magdalena valley region is one of the ecosystems with the highest risk of landscape transformation, despite being home to many endemic and threatened species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a Peasant Reserve Zone in the conservation of tropical humid forests and endangered species in the Magdalena valley region. To reach this aim, we performed a multi-temporal analysis of the forest dynamics in the Peasant Reserve Zone-Cimitarra River Valley (PRZ-CRV) and assessed the extinction risk of eight species endemic to Colombia. Our outcomes indicated that the most extended land cover in the PRZ-CRV is the forest (56.30%), followed by open areas (38.75%). The forest dynamics analysis indicated that the forest cover has decreased by 3.82% between 2017 and 2019, being the area with redoubts from the Serranía de San Lucas Forest the most conserved. Finally, our results indicated that less than 50% of the climatically suitable areas for each species are covered by forests and that less than 10% of those areas are covered by Protected Areas, while for such species as Agalychnis terranova and Ateles hybridus the PRZ-CRV covered a higher percentage of their distribution than all Protected Areas together in this ecosystem. In conclusion, our results have indicated that the PRZ-CRV could be an important area for the maintenance and conservation of humid forests and their associated fauna, playing an important role as an ally to the Protected Area system in the Magdalena valley region.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79910218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orchids form one of the most threatened plant families in the world. For a successful conservation of these species, comprehensive studies of their biology and ecology are necessary, and long-term demographic studies are especially valuable in this regard. This article aimed to present results of long-term observations of two populations of Calypso bulbosa , a rare orchid included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, on the northern border of its range, in the Komi Republic (northeast of European Russia). Seasonal development, ontogenesis, number of individuals and structure of populations, and reproductive success of C. bulbosa were studied. The influence of weather factors on the peculiarities of the small and large life cycles of this species has been revealed. Populations of C. bulbosa located in various habitats differ in a number of characteristics (e.g. number of individuals, spatial placement of plants, their size, the number of generative individuals). The fruit set of C. bulbosa on the northern border of the range is quite low (28.4%). This is compensated by the formation of a large number of tiny (0.68 × 0.11 mm) seeds. The pollination efficiency of the species is affected by the temperature of the beginning of the growing season and precipitation of the second decade of June, as well as by the flowering time. With deterioration of habitat conditions (more northern or shaded habitats), the seed index increases. The seeds become more volatile, which increases chances of reaching favourable sites for seed germination. One capsule of C. bulbosa contains an average of 19 900 seeds. The real seed production is 6500 seeds per plant. The seed production of C. bulbosa varies greatly year by year; it depends on the weather conditions of the first decade of June. In both studied populations, the presence of juvenile individuals (from 3.3% to 41.4%) during all years of the study indicates a successful seed regeneration, which, along with vegetative growth, ensures the stable existence of C. bulbosa populations on the northern border of the range.
{"title":"Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae) on the northern border of its distribution range (Komi Republic, Russia): population structure, fruit and seed set","authors":"I. Kirillova, D. Kirillov","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Orchids form one of the most threatened plant families in the world. For a successful conservation of these species, comprehensive studies of their biology and ecology are necessary, and long-term demographic studies are especially valuable in this regard. This article aimed to present results of long-term observations of two populations of Calypso bulbosa , a rare orchid included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, on the northern border of its range, in the Komi Republic (northeast of European Russia). Seasonal development, ontogenesis, number of individuals and structure of populations, and reproductive success of C. bulbosa were studied. The influence of weather factors on the peculiarities of the small and large life cycles of this species has been revealed. Populations of C. bulbosa located in various habitats differ in a number of characteristics (e.g. number of individuals, spatial placement of plants, their size, the number of generative individuals). The fruit set of C. bulbosa on the northern border of the range is quite low (28.4%). This is compensated by the formation of a large number of tiny (0.68 × 0.11 mm) seeds. The pollination efficiency of the species is affected by the temperature of the beginning of the growing season and precipitation of the second decade of June, as well as by the flowering time. With deterioration of habitat conditions (more northern or shaded habitats), the seed index increases. The seeds become more volatile, which increases chances of reaching favourable sites for seed germination. One capsule of C. bulbosa contains an average of 19 900 seeds. The real seed production is 6500 seeds per plant. The seed production of C. bulbosa varies greatly year by year; it depends on the weather conditions of the first decade of June. In both studied populations, the presence of juvenile individuals (from 3.3% to 41.4%) during all years of the study indicates a successful seed regeneration, which, along with vegetative growth, ensures the stable existence of C. bulbosa populations on the northern border of the range.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81438432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cephalanthera caucasica had been reported previously from the Samur Forest in Dagestan (Russia), but that report was considered doubtful: a possible misidentification of supposed hybrids between C. damasonium and C. longifolia as C. caucasica was speculated. Moreover, this species was recently reduced to a synonym of C. kotschyana in the «Plants of the World Online» database. In the present study, we did not confirm the presence of C. caucasica in the Samur Forest, but it was revealed in a few localities in remnants of beech (Fagus orientalis) forests in Kaytagskiy district and Tabasaranskiy district in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Living plants were studied in the vicinity of the village Tatil where 40 flowering individuals were counted. A morphological study suggested that these plants belonged to typical C. caucasica, not to any hybrid. The synonymy of this species with C. kotschyana has also been rejected, because it contradicted to the «International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants» and, besides, was not properly reasoned. The lectotype of C. caucasica is designated in the present paper. The description of the species is provided with measurements of the main morphological parameters. Differences of C. caucasica and the related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of the genus Cephalanthera from the North Caucasus is provided. Cephalanthera caucasica is highly threatened in Russia, being estimated as Endangered taxon (EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), according to the IUCN categories and criteria. It should be included to the next editions of both national and regional Red Data Books.
{"title":"On the presence of Cephalanthera caucasica (Orchidaceae) in Russia: rediscovery of a threatened orchid in the Republic of Dagestan","authors":"V. V. Fateryga, S. Svirin, A. Fateryga","doi":"10.24189/ncr.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24189/ncr.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Cephalanthera caucasica had been reported previously from the Samur Forest in Dagestan (Russia), but that report was considered doubtful: a possible misidentification of supposed hybrids between C. damasonium and C. longifolia as C. caucasica was speculated. Moreover, this species was recently reduced to a synonym of C. kotschyana in the «Plants of the World Online» database. In the present study, we did not confirm the presence of C. caucasica in the Samur Forest, but it was revealed in a few localities in remnants of beech (Fagus orientalis) forests in Kaytagskiy district and Tabasaranskiy district in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Living plants were studied in the vicinity of the village Tatil where 40 flowering individuals were counted. A morphological study suggested that these plants belonged to typical C. caucasica, not to any hybrid. The synonymy of this species with C. kotschyana has also been rejected, because it contradicted to the «International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants» and, besides, was not properly reasoned. The lectotype of C. caucasica is designated in the present paper. The description of the species is provided with measurements of the main morphological parameters. Differences of C. caucasica and the related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of the genus Cephalanthera from the North Caucasus is provided. Cephalanthera caucasica is highly threatened in Russia, being estimated as Endangered taxon (EN B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)), according to the IUCN categories and criteria. It should be included to the next editions of both national and regional Red Data Books.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.50.81915
Y. Iliopoulos, C. Astaras, Eirini Chatzimichail
Wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and expanded across many parts of the world thanks to conservation efforts, including improved legal status and restoration of their prey. Concurrently, public concerns regarding the risk of wolf attacks on humans and livestock are increasing as wolves occupy human-dominated landscapes. We examined a unique case in Europe allegedly involving wolves in the death of a female British tourist, aged 64, in northern Greece in September 2017. This incident received extensive international media attention and yet many fundamental details of the case area are lacking, including whether local livestock guarding dogs played a role. To assist in resolving the case, we conducted an extensive literature review which documented 13 criteria linked to the risk of either a wolf and/or a dog attacking a human. We also conducted a camera trap survey (October to December 2017) soon after the fatal attack to calculate the activity overlap among humans, dogs and wolves. Sufficient data were available for assessing 11 of the 13 criteria. For the remaining two, the required data were either not analysed (i.e. canid DNA collected from the attack site), not appropriately collected (i.e. DNA from the mouths of suspected dogs) or were collected, but misinterpreted (i.e. the post-consumption patterns of the victim’s corpse). Via this combination of evidence, we conclude that this case involved a fatal dog attack. This assertion is supported by evidence such as the: a) high dog-human activity overlap at the attack site which peaked during the attack time as opposed to near zero wolf-human activity overlap at the same time, b) presence of a large pack of unsupervised dogs, c) high ratio of male dogs in the dog pack, d) close vicinity of the attack site to dog owner’s property and e) previous documented aggression of these dogs towards humans. The consumption patterns, time scale and location of the victim’s remains indicate a posthumous consumption of the corpse possibly by the same dogs and/or by wild scavengers including wolves. A multidisciplinary approach, such as this one, in the assessment of putative wildlife attacks on humans can reduce misidentifications of the responsible species by forensic authorities and, therefore, prevent unfounded decrease in public tolerance for large carnivores.
{"title":"Dogs, not wolves, most likely to have caused the death of a British tourist in northern Greece","authors":"Y. Iliopoulos, C. Astaras, Eirini Chatzimichail","doi":"10.3897/natureconservation.50.81915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.50.81915","url":null,"abstract":"Wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and expanded across many parts of the world thanks to conservation efforts, including improved legal status and restoration of their prey. Concurrently, public concerns regarding the risk of wolf attacks on humans and livestock are increasing as wolves occupy human-dominated landscapes. We examined a unique case in Europe allegedly involving wolves in the death of a female British tourist, aged 64, in northern Greece in September 2017. This incident received extensive international media attention and yet many fundamental details of the case area are lacking, including whether local livestock guarding dogs played a role. To assist in resolving the case, we conducted an extensive literature review which documented 13 criteria linked to the risk of either a wolf and/or a dog attacking a human. We also conducted a camera trap survey (October to December 2017) soon after the fatal attack to calculate the activity overlap among humans, dogs and wolves. Sufficient data were available for assessing 11 of the 13 criteria. For the remaining two, the required data were either not analysed (i.e. canid DNA collected from the attack site), not appropriately collected (i.e. DNA from the mouths of suspected dogs) or were collected, but misinterpreted (i.e. the post-consumption patterns of the victim’s corpse). Via this combination of evidence, we conclude that this case involved a fatal dog attack. This assertion is supported by evidence such as the: a) high dog-human activity overlap at the attack site which peaked during the attack time as opposed to near zero wolf-human activity overlap at the same time, b) presence of a large pack of unsupervised dogs, c) high ratio of male dogs in the dog pack, d) close vicinity of the attack site to dog owner’s property and e) previous documented aggression of these dogs towards humans. The consumption patterns, time scale and location of the victim’s remains indicate a posthumous consumption of the corpse possibly by the same dogs and/or by wild scavengers including wolves. A multidisciplinary approach, such as this one, in the assessment of putative wildlife attacks on humans can reduce misidentifications of the responsible species by forensic authorities and, therefore, prevent unfounded decrease in public tolerance for large carnivores.","PeriodicalId":54166,"journal":{"name":"Nature Conservation Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74494077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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