International Journal of Behavioral Medicine最新文献

Background: Due to various reasons explored in previous studies, adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The aim of this study is to explore multiple potential psychosocial protective factors in ACHD and to understand their role in different complexities of congenital heart disease (CHD) and PTSS.

Method: This study was part of the "ABS-AHF" study, where 234 ACHD were recruited from November 2021 to August 2022 at a tertiary CHD care center. Data were collected on PTSS (PDS), resilience (RS-13), sense of coherence (SOC-L9), and social support (F-SozU K-14).

Results: The mean scores were 70.55 + / - 12.31 [21-91] for resilience, 35.83 + / - 4.81 [15-60] for sense of coherence (SOC), and 4.30 + / - 0.79 [0.93-5] for social support. SOC (OR, .91; p = .024 [.84; 9.98]) and social support (OR, .48; p = .001 [.29; 7.96]) were shown to reduce the likelihood of PTSS. Low resilience (OR, 2.40, p = .0248 [1.18; 5.18]) seems to increase this likelihood.

Conclusion: Integrating parents and relatives early on seems to be an important protective resource. Parental support in childhood affects the development of SOC which is in line with social support related to lower PTSS. With regard to resilience and SOC, a brief and manageable screening option for personal resources is available to refer potentially vulnerable patients to specialized psychosocial care. Care offers should address coping styles and life with CHD. Offering multidisciplinary care, integrating the patient's social network, and education for patients to increase resilience and SOC might provide a way to enhance psychosocial outcomes, quality of life, and adherence in ACHD.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been effectively treated with acupuncture, but the significance of quality of life, depression, and anxiety in the assessment of IBS patients has received little consideration. This study examined the impact of acupuncture on depression, anxiety, and quality of life in IBS patients.

Method: PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), EMBASE, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM, SinoMed) Database, and the Wan Fang Database were among the electronic databases from which relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically retrieved between their inception and July 2023. The outcomes included adverse events, total response rate, anxiety, and symptoms of depression, as well as quality of life. In this study, the heterogeneity, publication bias, standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.

Results: In this study, 29 RCTs including 3114 participants for analysis (treatment group, 1730; control group, 1384) were included. Compared to other therapies, acupuncture significantly improved the quality of life (SMD = 0.61, 95% CI = [0.26, 0.96], P < 0.001) and alleviated anxiety (SMD =  - 0.72, 95% CI = [- 1.76, 0.32], P = 0.18) and depression (SMD =  - 0.74, 95% CI = [- 1.18, - 0.3], P < 0.001) in IBS patients. A statistically significant improvement was recorded in their quality of life, and they also displayed fewer symptoms of depression. The total response rate (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = [1.12, 1.25], P < 0.001) indicated that acupuncture significantly affected IBS treatment in comparison to other methods. Subgroup analysis of primary outcome indicators revealed that acupuncture demonstrated better results regardless of the duration of intervention and was more effective than Western medicine or sham acupuncture. In addition to the total response rate (I² = 0%), the other three outcome indicators showed significant heterogeneity (I² > 50%). No publication bias was noted in RR (P < 0.05); however, a significant publication bias was observed in quality of life (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Acupuncture can enhance the quality of life and relieve anxiety and depression in patients with IBS with apparent safety; however, a large number of high-quality RCTs are still needed.

Background: This study examined the impact of a self-monitoring intervention on physical activity, health literacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults receiving long-term care (LTC) in a non-randomized controlled trial (non-RCT).

Methods: This non-RCT included participants undergoing rehabilitation at a daycare center between January and April 2024. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65 years, ambulatory status, and consent to participate. Those who did not meet LTC levels and those with dementia were excluded. Two-group comparisons at baseline were conducted using unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. The effects of the intervention on step count, sedentary behavior, physical activity intensity, health literacy, and HRQOL were analyzed using a two-way mixed effects model with repeated measures with two factors: group (control, intervention) and time (baseline, 12-week follow-up), with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: There were no significant differences between the intervention group (n = 36) and the control group (n = 26) at baseline. Interaction effects were significant for the step count, sedentary behavior, and HRQOL in repeated measures two-way mixed ANOVA for group (intervention and control) and time (baseline, 12-week follow-up) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The self-monitoring intervention to promote physical activity in a non-RCT was found to increase steps, decrease sedentary behavior, and improve HRQOL in older adults receiving LTC.

Background: Encouraging adolescents with overweight/obesity to accurately perceive their weight in the belief that this will improve their lifestyle behaviors (physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), eating behavior (EB)) may be detrimental to their psychological health. This study aimed to investigate associations between weight underestimation and lifestyle behaviors along with psychological health in French adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Method: Baseline data from adolescents who participated in a school-based trial were used. Lifestyle behaviors and psychological health (anxiety, depression, eating disorders, quality of life (QoL)) were self-reported. Weight underestimation was measured by matching objective and perceived weight status. Multilevel models were computed to investigate associations between weight underestimation and lifestyle behaviors and psychological health, by gender.

Results: Of the 1245 adolescents included (15.3 ± 0.7 years), 15.8% underestimated their objective weight (boys 24.2%; girls 8.2%). Boys with underestimation had higher vigorous PA energy expenditure (β = 372.7 MET-min/week, 95%CI [25.1;720.4]), and lower daily sugar-sweetened beverages and foods consumption (β =  - 0.3 points, 95%CI [- 0.7; - 0.0]) than those with accurate perception. Girls with weight underestimation had lower eating disorder (β =  - 6.0 points, 95%CI [- 9.6; - 2.5]), anxiety (β =  - 7.8 points, 95%CI [- 13.8; - 1.9]), and higher QoL (β = 3.3 points, 95%CI [0.0; 6.5]) scores than girls with accurate perception.

Conclusion: Weight underestimation among adolescents with overweight or obesity was associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors in boys, and better psychological health (eating disorder, anxiety and QoL) in girls. Accurate perception of weight status may not be a relevant lever to improve lifestyle behaviors and psychological health.

Background: Ramadan fasting has seen increased attention in research, often with inconsistent findings. This study aims to investigate whether dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan can improve well-being and health in healthy adult Muslims.

Method: A randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Essen, Germany, in 2016. Healthy adult Muslims (n = 114) aged 18-60 years were randomised to a modified fasting group; i.e., they received educational material prompting dietary and lifestyle modifications pre-Ramadan, and a control group who undertook Ramadan fasting as usual. Primary outcome was quality of life (WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, spirituality, and mindfulness (all self-report), body weight, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as blood serum biomarkers. Safety was examined via adverse events.

Results: The modified fasting group reported significantly higher quality of life (WHO-5) compared to the control after Ramadan (MD 5.9; 95% CI, 0.02-11.8; p < 0.05). Group differences in favour of the modified fasting were also found for satisfaction with health (MD 5.9, 95% CI 0.19-11.67), ease of life (MD 4.1, 95% CI 0.38-7.80) and mindfulness (MD 7.6, 95% CI 2.68-12.52), reductions in weight (MD, - 0.9 kg; 95% CI - 1.39 to - 0.42), BMI (MD - 0.3 kg/m², 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), hip circumference (MD - 0.3 kg/m², 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (MD - 2.8 mmHg, 95% CI - 5.15 to - 0.43). About 60% of participants reported adverse events, mostly headaches/migraines, dizziness/fatigue, common cold, and gastrointestinal symptoms, with no group differences. One serious non-related adverse event each occurred in both groups.

Conclusion: Pre-Ramadan dietary and lifestyle advice can lead to short-term improvements in mental and physical well-being of adult Muslims observing Ramadan. As such, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of culturally appropriate health interventions in a religious context.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT02775175).

Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are accompanied by symptoms that can vastly affect patients' representations of their bodies. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in body evaluation and body ownership in IBD and their link to interoceptive sensibility, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, and history of childhood maltreatment.

Methods: Body evaluation and ownership was assessed in 41 clinically remitted patients with IBD and 44 healthy controls (HC) using a topographical self-report method. Interoceptive sensibility, gastrointestinal-specific anxiety and a history of childhood maltreatment were assessed via self-report questionnaires.

Results: Patients reporting higher interoceptive sensibility perceived their bodies in a more positive manner. Higher gastrointestinal-specific anxiety was linked to a more negative body evaluation particularly of the abdomen in patients with IBD. Childhood maltreatment severity strengthened the positive association between interoceptive sensibility and body ownership only in those patients reporting higher trauma load.

Conclusion: Altered body representations of areas associated with abdominal pain are linked to higher symptom-specific anxiety and lower levels of interoceptive sensibility in IBD. Particularly in patients with a history of childhood maltreatment, higher levels of interoceptive sensibility might have a beneficial effect on the patients' sense of body ownership.

Background: Social well-being impacts cancer patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and coping style. This secondary analysis was conducted to examine whether advanced prostate cancer survivors who had experienced low social well-being would benefit from a web-based cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention.

Method: APC survivors (N = 192) who had received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were randomized to a 10-week CBSM or a health promotion (HP) control condition. A subsample of participants (n = 61) with low pre-intervention SWB (measured by social support from and relationship satisfaction with family and friends) was included in the study. Multilevel models compared participants' PC-specific quality of life (sexual, hormonal, urinary), affect-based psychosocial burden (cancer-related anxiety and distress), and coping strategies at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Covariates were included in all models as appropriate.

Results: Participants randomized to the CBSM condition showed significantly greater improvements in fear of cancer recurrence and cancer-related intrusive thoughts than those in the HP control condition. A significant condition by time interaction was also found, indicating that CBSM improved participants' PC-related fear in both short- (6 months) and long-term (12 months). However, the CBSM intervention did not significantly impact APC-related symptom burden. Only for the urinary domain, clinically meaningful changes (CBSM vs HP) were observed. In addition, all participants, regardless of condition, reported less coping (e.g., emotion-, problem- and avoidance-focused) over time.

Conclusion: As predicted, the CBSM intervention improved several affect-based psychosocial outcomes for APC survivors with low baseline SWB.

Background: Health behaviors and motives within family units are likely to be associated with the motives and behaviors of other family members. A potential mechanism for these relations is that parents citing autonomous motives toward physical activity are more likely to support their child's autonomous motivation to be active. The current study tested a model specifying relations between parent autonomous motivation and parent, child, and parent-and-child joint physical activity behavior with parent autonomy-supportive parenting, child-perceived autonomy support, and child autonomous motivation specified as mediators of the autonomous motivation-child physical activity relationship.

Method: Data on autonomous motivation, autonomy-supportive parenting, perceived autonomy support, and physical activity, both alone and jointly between parents and children, were collected from a sample of 88 Finnish parent-child dyads and analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Results: Findings indicated associations between parent autonomous motivation and parent and joint parent-child physical activity, and an indirect effect of autonomy-supportive parenting on child physical activity mediated by child-perceived autonomy support and autonomous motivation.

Conclusion: Results provide a potential explanation for relations between parental motives and child physical activity as a function of supportive parenting and signpost potential targets for family-based behavior change interventions.

Background: Worldwide, 63.7% of people use distinct social media (SM) platforms. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube Shorts/Reels are highly popular among users, and the frequent use of these SM platforms has an adverse effect on their health and well-being. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to determine the impacts of distinct SM platform use, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube Shorts or Reels, on overall health, sleep quality, body image, and mood.

Method: The records were searched across ten major databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, DARE, CINAHL, Embase, UGC CARE I, and PsycINFO), as well as specific journal websites and citations. Papers published between January 2010 and August 2024 in the English language, with a quantitative approach, and in peer-reviewed journals were preferred. Records were screened and extracted following the PRISMA guidelines and evaluated for risk of bias using a quality assessment tool. The findings were synthesized narratively to integrate evidence across diverse study designs and outcomes.

Results: In this SLR, we have synthesized findings from 57 studies comprising 571,427 participants. The findings revealed that daily social media use (SMU) is associated with increased stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and poor sleep quality. At the same time, it is linked to reduced self-esteem and life satisfaction. SMU is positively associated with several physiological issues, including burning eyes, wrist pain, neck and shoulder pain, chest pain, stomach pain, nausea, headaches, and muscle pain. It increases the sense of isolation from family and society while decreasing executive functions and prospective memory. It also negatively impacts academic performance, body image, mood, and well-being in adolescents and young adults. Problematic social media use (PSMU) reduces emotional regulation while increasing procrastination and perceived stress. Instagram users report more PSMU than Facebook users, while depressive individuals prefer Twitter over Instagram and Facebook.

Conclusion: Frequent usage of SM platforms leads to an increase in the PSMU, which further affects mental, physical, social, and emotional health, sleep quality, body image, and mood.

Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) is a critical health indicator independent and interactive with physical inactivity. While the application of psychological theories to understand and intervene in physical activity is robust, summary evidence for psychological theories applied to SB is minimal. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to describe and appraise the effectiveness of psychological theories applied to predict and change SB.

Method: Eight databases were searched for studies using psychological theories to modify or predict SB among adult participants. Studies were separated by observational (k = 20) or experimental (k = 19) design and categorized into five theoretical frameworks: social cognitive (k = 15), action control (k = 11), dual process (k = 9), stage models (k = 3), and humanistic (k = 1). Study characteristics, design, theoretical framework, SB measures, and effect sizes were extracted and analyzed. The qualities of the papers were evaluated using the risk of bias tools.

Results: The search retrieved 39 eligible studies. For observational studies, only two frameworks had sufficient evidence of their effectiveness in predicting SB: the social cognitive (median explained variance = 18%) and dual-process (median explained variance = 14%) frameworks. For experimental studies, the social cognitive (median d = -0.29), action control (median d = -0.43), and dual-process (median d = -0.56) frameworks showed promise in reducing SB, while the stage models and humanistic frameworks did not have sufficient current evidence. While all observational studies had above fair quality (k = 20), 10 out of 19 experimental studies (nine randomized and one non-randomized trials) were at high risk of bias.

Conclusion: The current results show promise of several psychological frameworks' ability to predict and change SB. However, there are opportunities to increase the quality and diversity of theory. Thus, future studies should employ various theoretical frameworks, such as the humanistic and stage models; standardize the reporting of effect sizes; and apply more methodological rigor to better examine the relationships between psychological theories and SB. Additionally, future studies need to investigate different types of SB as they may have different underlying theoretical antecedents.