The so-called hyperaccumulator plants are capable of storing hundred or thousand times bigger quantities of heavy metals than normal plants, which makes hyperaccumulators very useful in fields such as phytoremediation and phytomining. Among these plants there are many serpentinophytes, i.e., plants that grow exclusively on ultramafic rocks which produce soils with a great proportion of heavy metals. Even though there are multiple classifications, the lack of consensus regarding which parameters to use to determine whether a plant is a hyperaccumulator, as well as the arbitrariness of stablished thresholds, bring about the need to propose more objective criteria. To this end, plant mineral composition data from different vegetal species were analysed using machine learning techniques. Three complementary case studies were established. Firstly, plants were classified in three types of soils: dolomite, gypsum and serpentine. Secondly, data about normal and hyperaccumulator plant Ni composition were analysed with machine learning to find differentiated subgroups. Lastly, association studies were carried out using data about mineral composition and soil type. Results in the classification task reach a success rate over 75%. Clustering of plants by Ni concentration in parts per million (ppm) resulted in four groups with cut-off points in 2.25, 100 (accumulators) and 3000 ppm (hyperaccumulators). Associations with a confidence level above 90% were found between high Ni levels and serpentine soils, as well as between high Ni and Zn levels and the same type of soil. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of machine learning to analyse data about plant mineral composition. Finally, after consulting the red list of the IUCN and those of countries with high richness in hyperaccumulator species, it is evident that a greater effort should be made to establish the conservation status of this type of flora.
{"title":"Use of machine learning to establish limits in the classification of hyperaccumulator plants growing on serpentine, gypsum and dolomite soils","authors":"Marina Mota-Merlo, V. Martos","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.67609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.67609","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called hyperaccumulator plants are capable of storing hundred or thousand times bigger quantities of heavy metals than normal plants, which makes hyperaccumulators very useful in fields such as phytoremediation and phytomining. Among these plants there are many serpentinophytes, i.e., plants that grow exclusively on ultramafic rocks which produce soils with a great proportion of heavy metals. Even though there are multiple classifications, the lack of consensus regarding which parameters to use to determine whether a plant is a hyperaccumulator, as well as the arbitrariness of stablished thresholds, bring about the need to propose more objective criteria. To this end, plant mineral composition data from different vegetal species were analysed using machine learning techniques. Three complementary case studies were established. Firstly, plants were classified in three types of soils: dolomite, gypsum and serpentine. Secondly, data about normal and hyperaccumulator plant Ni composition were analysed with machine learning to find differentiated subgroups. Lastly, association studies were carried out using data about mineral composition and soil type. Results in the classification task reach a success rate over 75%. Clustering of plants by Ni concentration in parts per million (ppm) resulted in four groups with cut-off points in 2.25, 100 (accumulators) and 3000 ppm (hyperaccumulators). Associations with a confidence level above 90% were found between high Ni levels and serpentine soils, as well as between high Ni and Zn levels and the same type of soil. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of machine learning to analyse data about plant mineral composition. Finally, after consulting the red list of the IUCN and those of countries with high richness in hyperaccumulator species, it is evident that a greater effort should be made to establish the conservation status of this type of flora.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44321424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rojo, F. Fernández‐González, B. Lara, Verónica Bouso, Guillermo Crespo, G. Hernández-Palacios, M. P. Rodríguez-Rojo, A. Rodríguez-Torres, Matt Smith, R. Pérez-Badia
Global warming impacts plant phenology and the effect of climate change will be more intensely experienced at the edges of a plant's distribution. This work focuses on Iberian alder's climatic range (Alnus lusitanica Vít, Douda & Mandák). The Iberian Peninsula constitutes the Southwestern edge of the global chorological distribution of European black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. s.l.), and some of the warmest and driest conditions for the alder population are located in the center of Spain. The critical temperature-relevant periods that regulate the reproductive phenology of alder were analyzed using a statistical-based method for modeling chilling and forcing accumulation periods in temperate trees. Our results reveal that autumn chilling was the most important thermal accumulation period for alder in a Mediterranean climate while forcing requirements are satisfied in a short period of time. Autumn temperatures were significantly correlated with the timing of flowering, and chill units during this season directly influence start-dates of alder flowering. A positive trend was observed in pollen seasons' timing, meaning a slight delay of alder flowering in central Spain. It coincided with autumn warming during the period 2004-2018. If this warming trend continues, our results predict a delay in the start-date of flowering by around 3-days for every degree increase in maximum autumn temperatures according to the most optimistic emission scenarios.
{"title":"The effects of climate change on the flowering phenology of alder trees in southwestern Europe","authors":"J. Rojo, F. Fernández‐González, B. Lara, Verónica Bouso, Guillermo Crespo, G. Hernández-Palacios, M. P. Rodríguez-Rojo, A. Rodríguez-Torres, Matt Smith, R. Pérez-Badia","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.67360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.67360","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming impacts plant phenology and the effect of climate change will be more intensely experienced at the edges of a plant's distribution. This work focuses on Iberian alder's climatic range (Alnus lusitanica Vít, Douda & Mandák). The Iberian Peninsula constitutes the Southwestern edge of the global chorological distribution of European black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. s.l.), and some of the warmest and driest conditions for the alder population are located in the center of Spain. The critical temperature-relevant periods that regulate the reproductive phenology of alder were analyzed using a statistical-based method for modeling chilling and forcing accumulation periods in temperate trees. Our results reveal that autumn chilling was the most important thermal accumulation period for alder in a Mediterranean climate while forcing requirements are satisfied in a short period of time. Autumn temperatures were significantly correlated with the timing of flowering, and chill units during this season directly influence start-dates of alder flowering. A positive trend was observed in pollen seasons' timing, meaning a slight delay of alder flowering in central Spain. It coincided with autumn warming during the period 2004-2018. If this warming trend continues, our results predict a delay in the start-date of flowering by around 3-days for every degree increase in maximum autumn temperatures according to the most optimistic emission scenarios.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42475423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants are currently used by local populations to treat different diseases around the world. In the present study, the local knowledge of medicinal plants used by indigenous populations living in the Park of Tlemcen (North-West Algeria) has been documented. A total of 254 informants with a strong ethnomedicinal knowledge living in the national park of Tlemcen were interviewed by using a questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using quantitative indices such as the ethnobotanicity index (EI), use value (UV), and Informant Consensus Factor (FIC). 109 species belonging to 54 families were identified and used by indigenous populations to treat different diseases. The most frequent families were lamiaceae (15.5%), asteraceae (11.9%), and rosaceae (5.5%). Roots, rhizomes or tubers were the most used part for medical care (37.6%), followed by leaves (33.6%), other aerial parts (16%), fruits (8%), flowers (1.6%), and seeds (3.2%). Regarding modes of preparation, we noticed that decoction (40.4%) and infusion (28.5%) were the most predominant. Moreover, Thymus lanceolatus (UV=0.96), Origon glandulosum (UV=0.96) and Ammoides verticillata (UV=0.94) were the most frequently used species. FIC values ranged from 0.65 to 0.98. The highest FIC were recorded for reproductive and sexual disorders (0.98), respiratory tract diseases (0.98), cardiovascular system disease and blood disorders (0.94), digestive disorders (0.93), and general health (0.93). A variety of species are used to treat several ailments. Recorded species with high UV should be prioritized for conservation and subjected to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical investigation on medicinal plants used by local populations in Tlemcen National Park (extreme North West Algeria)","authors":"Fayza Zatout, Bachir Benarba, Asma Bouazza, Brahim Babali, Nazli Nacer Bey, Abdelkader Morsli","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.69396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.69396","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are currently used by local populations to treat different diseases around the world. In the present study, the local knowledge of medicinal plants used by indigenous populations living in the Park of Tlemcen (North-West Algeria) has been documented. A total of 254 informants with a strong ethnomedicinal knowledge living in the national park of Tlemcen were interviewed by using a questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using quantitative indices such as the ethnobotanicity index (EI), use value (UV), and Informant Consensus Factor (FIC). 109 species belonging to 54 families were identified and used by indigenous populations to treat different diseases. The most frequent families were lamiaceae (15.5%), asteraceae (11.9%), and rosaceae (5.5%). Roots, rhizomes or tubers were the most used part for medical care (37.6%), followed by leaves (33.6%), other aerial parts (16%), fruits (8%), flowers (1.6%), and seeds (3.2%). Regarding modes of preparation, we noticed that decoction (40.4%) and infusion (28.5%) were the most predominant. Moreover, Thymus lanceolatus (UV=0.96), Origon glandulosum (UV=0.96) and Ammoides verticillata (UV=0.94) were the most frequently used species. FIC values ranged from 0.65 to 0.98. The highest FIC were recorded for reproductive and sexual disorders (0.98), respiratory tract diseases (0.98), cardiovascular system disease and blood disorders (0.94), digestive disorders (0.93), and general health (0.93). A variety of species are used to treat several ailments. Recorded species with high UV should be prioritized for conservation and subjected to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Salmerón-Sánchez, A. Mendoza-Fernández, J. Lorite, J. Mota, J. Peñas
The present paper is an overview of state of the art in plant conservation in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems (MTEs), highlighting current studies and neglected topics. A review of the literature dealing with this issue and a general analysis of the results was performed, delving into relevant plant conservation biology topics. The main topics considered were: 1) reproductive biology and genetic conservation, 2) threat factors and effects of global change, and 3) evaluation of conservation status and protected areas selection. This study illustrates differences in the number of documents published in northern countries of the Mediterranean Basin concerning southern and eastern countries and compared with other MTEs. It also highlights the paramount importance of public organizations as funding entities. Additionally, it points to a decrease in traditional subject categories related to plant conservation and increased multidisciplinary conservation research and novel methodologies (e.g., phylogenomics, SDM). To overcome existing biases among the different MTE regions, integrating actions at a transnational level would be necessary, with standard conservation policies and strategies. Moreover, research should be supported with more important participation and funding from private entities, with a clear focus on specific conservation proposals. In contrast, certain weaknesses were detected, some related to the limited information available about threatened plant species and the scarce use of the available data from genetic conservation research in management plans. Consequently, the authors consider that future conservation efforts should be addressed to improve the knowledge of threatened MTEs’ flora and implement a manual of good practices, which would make use of the available research information to put forward more direct proposals for management and conservation.
{"title":"Plant conservation in Mediterranean-type ecosystems","authors":"E. Salmerón-Sánchez, A. Mendoza-Fernández, J. Lorite, J. Mota, J. Peñas","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.71333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.71333","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper is an overview of state of the art in plant conservation in Mediterranean-type Ecosystems (MTEs), highlighting current studies and neglected topics. A review of the literature dealing with this issue and a general analysis of the results was performed, delving into relevant plant conservation biology topics. The main topics considered were: 1) reproductive biology and genetic conservation, 2) threat factors and effects of global change, and 3) evaluation of conservation status and protected areas selection. This study illustrates differences in the number of documents published in northern countries of the Mediterranean Basin concerning southern and eastern countries and compared with other MTEs. It also highlights the paramount importance of public organizations as funding entities. \u0000Additionally, it points to a decrease in traditional subject categories related to plant conservation and increased multidisciplinary conservation research and novel methodologies (e.g., phylogenomics, SDM). To overcome existing biases among the different MTE regions, integrating actions at a transnational level would be necessary, with standard conservation policies and strategies. Moreover, research should be supported with more important participation and funding from private entities, with a clear focus on specific conservation proposals. In contrast, certain weaknesses were detected, some related to the limited information available about threatened plant species and the scarce use of the available data from genetic conservation research in management plans. Consequently, the authors consider that future conservation efforts should be addressed to improve the knowledge of threatened MTEs’ flora and implement a manual of good practices, which would make use of the available research information to put forward more direct proposals for management and conservation.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43577365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Silva, S. Ribeiro, J. A. Molina, C. Pinto-Cruz, J. Costa, D. Espírito-Santo
We describe four new vegetation units and propose 17 new typifications and 24 altered names of syntaxa belonging to Isoeto-Nanojuncetea. Information is also provided on the publication dates of the alliances Isoetion and Preslion.
{"title":"Resolving some nomenclatural issues on 'Isoeto-Nanojuncetea' and four new communities of the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"V. Silva, S. Ribeiro, J. A. Molina, C. Pinto-Cruz, J. Costa, D. Espírito-Santo","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.63383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.63383","url":null,"abstract":"We describe four new vegetation units and propose 17 new typifications and 24 altered names of syntaxa belonging to Isoeto-Nanojuncetea. Information is also provided on the publication dates of the alliances Isoetion and Preslion.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. González Pérez, Nereida Cabrera-García, Isabel Cayon-Fernández
Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.
保护种子库对于基因生物多样性的迁地保护至关重要。这些机构与受威胁物种特别相关，并通过保护遗传物质在保护这些物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，存放在种子库中的样本必须在必要时发芽才能使用（即恢复计划等）。本研究使用了四份来自大加那利岛（加那利群岛）的特有濒危物种Isoplexis isabelliana（Webb&Berhel.）Masf的材料。（玄参科）。进行发芽试验是为了测量种子随时间的生存能力以及种子储存对其生存能力的可能影响。这些材料已经在不同的储存条件下在种子库中保存了四个月到三十年。在17°C下，使用16小时的光照和8小时的黑暗暴露45天后，种子的发芽结果不同。保存在种子库中的无障碍物显示出较高的发芽率（89%）。而贮藏条件粗糙的材料发芽率为0%。研究结果强调了存放在植物园“Viera y Clavijo”种子库中的材料的良好保存状态，以及褐黄甘蓝种子储存的温度和湿度条件的可靠性。我们认为这些结果意义重大，因为岛上最后一次森林大火影响了一些伊莎贝拉的自然种群。
{"title":"High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank","authors":"M. González Pérez, Nereida Cabrera-García, Isabel Cayon-Fernández","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.69341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.69341","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden \"Viera y Clavijo\" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42298506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Sánchez, E. González-Burgos, I. Iglesias, M. P. Gómez-Serranillos Cuadrado
Valeriana officinalis L. (Caprifoliaceae) has been traditionally used to treat mild nervous tension and sleep problems. The basis of these activities are mainly attributed to valerenic acid through the modulation of the GABA receptor. Moreover, V. officinalis is claimed to have other biological activities such as cardiovascular benefits, anticancer, antimicrobial and spasmolytic. The current review aims to update the biological and pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials) of V. officinalis and its major secondary metabolites in order to guide future research. Databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used for literature search including original papers written in English and published between 2014 and 2020. There have been identified 33 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most of these works were performed with V. officinalis extracts and only a few papers (in vitro and in vivo studies) evaluated the activity of isolated compounds (valerenic acid and volvalerenal acid K). In vitro studies focused on studying antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In vivo studies and clinical trials mainly investigated activities on the nervous system (anticonvulsant activity, antidepressant, cognitive problems, anxiety and sleep disorders). Just few studies were focused on other different activities, highlight effects on symptoms of premenstrual and postmenopausal syndromes. Valeriana officinalis continues to be one of the medicinal plants most used by today's society for its therapeutic properties and whose biological and pharmacological activities continue to arouse great scientific interest as evidenced in recent publications. This review shows scientific evidence on traditional uses of V. officinalis on nervous system.
{"title":"Updating the biological interest of 'Valeriana officinalis'","authors":"Marta Sánchez, E. González-Burgos, I. Iglesias, M. P. Gómez-Serranillos Cuadrado","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.70280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.70280","url":null,"abstract":"Valeriana officinalis L. (Caprifoliaceae) has been traditionally used to treat mild nervous tension and sleep problems. The basis of these activities are mainly attributed to valerenic acid through the modulation of the GABA receptor. Moreover, V. officinalis is claimed to have other biological activities such as cardiovascular benefits, anticancer, antimicrobial and spasmolytic. The current review aims to update the biological and pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials) of V. officinalis and its major secondary metabolites in order to guide future research. Databases PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used for literature search including original papers written in English and published between 2014 and 2020. There have been identified 33 articles which met inclusion criteria. Most of these works were performed with V. officinalis extracts and only a few papers (in vitro and in vivo studies) evaluated the activity of isolated compounds (valerenic acid and volvalerenal acid K). In vitro studies focused on studying antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In vivo studies and clinical trials mainly investigated activities on the nervous system (anticonvulsant activity, antidepressant, cognitive problems, anxiety and sleep disorders). Just few studies were focused on other different activities, highlight effects on symptoms of premenstrual and postmenopausal syndromes. Valeriana officinalis continues to be one of the medicinal plants most used by today's society for its therapeutic properties and whose biological and pharmacological activities continue to arouse great scientific interest as evidenced in recent publications. This review shows scientific evidence on traditional uses of V. officinalis on nervous system.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47191816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Liendo, I. García‐Mijangos, I. Biurrun, J. A. Campos
A revision of the alien Erigeron L. species formerly included in Conyza Less. found in the central-northern Iberian Peninsula is presented. A close examination of numerous specimens collected by the authors as well as voucher specimens preserved at several herbaria has helped clarify several aspects regarding this group. Four species have been recognised in the study area: Erigeron canadensis (=Conyza canadensis), E. bonariensis (=C. bonariensis), E. sumatrensis (=C. sumatrensis) and E. floribundus (=C. floribunda, including C. bilbaoana). They occupy anthropogenic habitats, such as road edges, abandoned fields, crops and waste ground, as well as natural and semi-natural communities, such as nitrophilous river bar communities and ruderal communities on coastal dunes subjected to substantial levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Erigeron sumatrensis and E. floribundus emerge as the two most frequent taxa. Erigeron canadensis, regarded in the past as the most widespread species of the group, is almost absent from the study area, especially from the Atlantic watershed. Furthermore, an important number of specimens previously identified as E. bonariensis do actually correspond to E. sumatrensis. No hybrids have been found. A detailed identification key highlighting the main features that help to separate the four Erigeron species is presented. Finally, as E. floribundus is the most controversial species in the group and the last to arrive, a study of its expansion across western Europe in the last century is included, where it has become a frequent alien especially along the Atlantic regions.
{"title":"Annual weedy species of Erigeron in the northern Iberian Peninsula: a review","authors":"D. Liendo, I. García‐Mijangos, I. Biurrun, J. A. Campos","doi":"10.5209/MBOT.67649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/MBOT.67649","url":null,"abstract":"A revision of the alien Erigeron L. species formerly included in Conyza Less. found in the central-northern Iberian Peninsula is presented. A close examination of numerous specimens collected by the authors as well as voucher specimens preserved at several herbaria has helped clarify several aspects regarding this group. Four species have been recognised in the study area: Erigeron canadensis (=Conyza canadensis), E. bonariensis (=C. bonariensis), E. sumatrensis (=C. sumatrensis) and E. floribundus (=C. floribunda, including C. bilbaoana). They occupy anthropogenic habitats, such as road edges, abandoned fields, crops and waste ground, as well as natural and semi-natural communities, such as nitrophilous river bar communities and ruderal communities on coastal dunes subjected to substantial levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Erigeron sumatrensis and E. floribundus emerge as the two most frequent taxa. Erigeron canadensis, regarded in the past as the most widespread species of the group, is almost absent from the study area, especially from the Atlantic watershed. Furthermore, an important number of specimens previously identified as E. bonariensis do actually correspond to E. sumatrensis. No hybrids have been found. A detailed identification key highlighting the main features that help to separate the four Erigeron species is presented. Finally, as E. floribundus is the most controversial species in the group and the last to arrive, a study of its expansion across western Europe in the last century is included, where it has become a frequent alien especially along the Atlantic regions.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43171919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Eugenia Martín Osorio, Wolf Hermann Wildpret Martín, R. Negrín, Wolfredo Wildpret De la Torre
Vegetation research on the lava flows of the historic volcanic eruption of 1705 in Arafo, Tenerife, Canary Islands, is presented. The study area located in the 830000-year-old valley of Güímar was created after a massive landslide 47 km3 in volume. The research is divided into three parts, which cover an altitudinal range from around 35 to 1583 m a.s.l. from the Lower-semiarid Inframediterranean up to the Lower-dry lower-Mesomediterranean bioclimatic belts. First, a phytosociological study of the vegetation present in the area was made and concluded that richness in pioneer communities form a vegetation complex with a high degree of endemicity. Two new associations and four pioneer communities are proposed. Especially notable are the communities of Stereocauletum vesuviani and the pioneer communities of Pinus canariensis. The second part of the research was a field sampling study of 450 individuals of Pinus canariensis, which were measured at different altitudes to obtain data about the colonization dynamics of this species on this 300 years old substrate. We found that stem diameter seems to be a good indicator for healthy tree development at a range between 700 to 1300 m asl, which corresponds to the pine forest as potential vegetation and that many individuals show signs of nutrient deficiency. The third part consists of the publication of two new populations of the Canarian endemism Himantoglossum metlesicsianum, a highly endangered orchid. The monitoring of these two populations has recently begun, and further research will be conducted on all three aspects of this publication, which will be presented and expanded upon in the future.
{"title":"Study of the current vegetation of the historical lava flows of the Arafo Volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain","authors":"Victoria Eugenia Martín Osorio, Wolf Hermann Wildpret Martín, R. Negrín, Wolfredo Wildpret De la Torre","doi":"10.5209/mbot.68087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/mbot.68087","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation research on the lava flows of the historic volcanic eruption of 1705 in Arafo, Tenerife, Canary Islands, is presented. The study area located in the 830000-year-old valley of Güímar was created after a massive landslide 47 km3 in volume. The research is divided into three parts, which cover an altitudinal range from around 35 to 1583 m a.s.l. from the Lower-semiarid Inframediterranean up to the Lower-dry lower-Mesomediterranean bioclimatic belts. First, a phytosociological study of the vegetation present in the area was made and concluded that richness in pioneer communities form a vegetation complex with a high degree of endemicity. Two new associations and four pioneer communities are proposed. Especially notable are the communities of Stereocauletum vesuviani and the pioneer communities of Pinus canariensis. The second part of the research was a field sampling study of 450 individuals of Pinus canariensis, which were measured at different altitudes to obtain data about the colonization dynamics of this species on this 300 years old substrate. We found that stem diameter seems to be a good indicator for healthy tree development at a range between 700 to 1300 m asl, which corresponds to the pine forest as potential vegetation and that many individuals show signs of nutrient deficiency. The third part consists of the publication of two new populations of the Canarian endemism Himantoglossum metlesicsianum, a highly endangered orchid. The monitoring of these two populations has recently begun, and further research will be conducted on all three aspects of this publication, which will be presented and expanded upon in the future.","PeriodicalId":54240,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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