Health Promotion International最新文献

The active mobility experiences of adolescents intersect with those of younger children and older youth in many ways. However, existing research informing health promotion is limited in its exploration of the distinct features that differentiate adolescent active mobilities and the differences within adolescence. Drawing on interviews and audio-recorded walking tours with 12 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 from urban areas of Australia, this paper examines adolescents' constructions of active mobility and place in their local areas. We adopted a constructionist epistemological approach and conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of adolescents' accounts. Our analysis suggests that adolescents construct mobility as an everyday, utilitarian practice, and understand clean, well-maintained places to constitute a 'good' neighbourhood. Unlike younger children, our analysis illustrates how urban risk was also constructed as an everyday aspect of mobility that adolescents could navigate with little effort. Mobility as offering connection (both socially and to self) was also a key theme generated by our analysis as a potentially distinct aspect of local active mobilities during the adolescencent years. Based on this, we recommend further critical enquiry into opportunities for enhancing connection in mobility among adolescents from diverse population groups.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population growth has important implications for tobacco and nicotine health planning. Using the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) DataLab, we examined weighted estimates of the absolute number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged 18 years and over, drawing on the 2012-13 and 2018-19 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Surveys. We compared the absolute number of people who currently smoke, stratified by age, state/territory, and sex. There was a 2.5 percentage point decline in smoking prevalence over this period, but the estimated number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who smoke increased by ∼43 000, reaching 211 000 (95% confidence interval: 199 746-221 616) in 2018. This growth is largely attributable to population increases driven by higher birth rates. Absolute increases in both the number of people who smoked and those who did not smoke varied by age group, jurisdiction, and geography, with the largest increases observed among those aged 55-64 years and in areas experiencing the most rapid population growth. These findings highlight the need for programs, policies, and health services-including tobacco and nicotine resistance measures-to be adequately resourced and responsive to changing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population dynamics. While progress is being made in reducing smoking prevalence, the expanding population means that the total number of people impacted by commerical tobacco remains high. This highlights the need for sustained future-focused planning and investment to eradicate tobacco-related death and disease.

The Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program (IYMP) is a youth-centred, community-based programme that fosters wholistic wellness and mino-pimâtisiwin ('the good life' in Cree) within Indigenous communities across Canada. IYMP uses a communal mentorship model, where Indigenous high school students, supported by programme leaders, facilitate healthy living activities for elementary-aged peers. This culturally grounded setting promotes leadership development, life skills, and community engagement. While youth leadership experience is known to influence education, employment and wellness, the culturally specific impact of IYMP on youth mentors remains underexplored. This study aimed to amplify youth voices to understand youth mentors' perspectives on how leadership experience, through IYMP, impacts their education, employment, and wholistic wellness. Focused ethnography was used as the guiding method. IYMP youth mentors (aged 14-19) were purposively recruited. Talking circles were the primary data generation tool, with 21 participants across three circles (n  = 5, n = 10, n = 6). Sessions were held in person, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Unstructured participant observations, documented as field notes, were used to supplement and contextualize the data. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns within the data. Participants reported that leadership experiences enhanced their confidence and communication skills, which made school more enjoyable, improved employability, and impacted their wholistic wellness through healthy behaviours and strong social networks. Earning high school course credits through IYMP was a key motivator, making leadership more accessible and supporting high school completion. IYMP strengthens youth mentors' educational attainment, employability, and wellness by weaving together leadership experiences with the development of communication skills and confidence.

Addressing health literacy at the community level can provide the potential for improving health knowledge, skills, and behaviours that can ultimately lead to better health outcomes. While many tools exist for measuring individual and disease-specific health literacy, community and critical health literacy have received less attention. The review focuses on geographic communities and includes the concepts of 'health literacy', 'critical health literacy', and 'assessment'. Key information sources for the review were Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsycINFO, along with Google Scholar for grey literature. Hand searches of reference lists from included studies were also conducted. The search was limited to articles published between 1 January 2010, and 1 June 2023, with no restrictions on data collection methods or study design. Data were charted following guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA ScR. Initially, 14 216 citations were retrieved, with 8612 remaining after removing duplicates. Double-blind screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 33 articles, which underwent double-blind full-text screening. Three articles were included, and a hand search identified one more, totalling four articles. The small number of eligible articles and the heterogeneity of content reflect the nascent stage of development of community level health literacy and its assessment. The review findings highlight the need to develop tools to assess community level health literacy to support interventions in empowering communities in maintaining and promoting their own health.

The Pacific Islands have high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are preventable by ensuring healthy levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in childhood. This study explored barriers and facilitators to children meeting PA and sedentary behaviour guidelines through the lens of stakeholders involved in the care and education of children in four Pacific Islands. Qualitative interviews were conducted English or French in Fiji (n = 10), French Polynesia (n = 6), New Caledonia (n = 7), and Wallis and Futuna (n = 4) between 2019 and 2022. French recordings were transcribed using HappyScribe.com and translated. Deductive and inductive qualitative analysis was conducted and presented based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory and classified into the five categories of the Social Ecological Model (SEM). At the intrapersonal level, concerns were expressed about the lack of awareness of PA and sedentary behaviour guidelines from children and caregivers. At the intrapersonal level, negative caregiver attitudes towards PA perceived inability to control screen time rules were highlighted, alongside challenges within school settings. At the organizational level, the importance of sports organizations to provide opportunities for children to be active was highlighted. At the environmental level, the lack of urban planning, green space, and safe outdoor areas emerged as key barriers. At the policy level, the need for policy changes to support PA promotion in schools, particularly regarding prescriptive curricula, was stressed. Future interventions need to be culturally responsive, while including strategies that consider the urban-rural divide in the Pacific Islands. Schools and religious institutions can play a key role in promoting active lifestyles for children.

This study examines adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) awareness, confidence, and lived experience in a mountainous area of Northern Vietnam, focusing on the impact of cultural factors and local norms. A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with adolescents aged 12-18 from ethnic minority groups in two communes of Thuan Chau district and four wards of Son La city. The interviews explored their knowledge and confidence in practicing ASRH, perceptions of ASRH services, and barriers to accessing care. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key trends in ASRH awareness and behaviors. The findings reveal a critical gap between knowledge and action: although many participants knew where to access contraceptives, they lacked the confidence to use them, driven by fear of judgment from family, peers, and healthcare providers. This gap is widened by deeply ingrained cultural norms, including traditional gender roles and expectations of early childbearing, which severely limit the decision-making autonomy of adolescents, particularly girls from ethnic minority communities. Addressing ASRH challenges in this context requires interventions that move beyond simple information dissemination. Efforts must focus on building adolescent confidence by developing youth-friendly, confidential ASRH services and implementing community-level interventions aimed at transforming the restrictive cultural beliefs and social stigma that hinder safe ASRH practices.

With increased public attention on menopause, researchers have started to investigate the surge of commercial products and services which claim to provide solutions for menopausal symptoms. Few studies have explored the views of women about the commercial determinants of menopause. Using an online qualitative survey, this study sought insights from n = 509 Australian women aged 45-64 years about the factors that might influence the use of products and services for menopause, the risks associated with the increased promotion of commercial solutions for menopause, and the role of the pharmaceutical industry in sponsoring menopause-related women's health events. Three themes were constructed using a reflexive approach to thematic analysis. First, women perceived that commercial actors sought to exploit women's concerns to stimulate product demand through catastrophizing menopause, appearing to listen to experiences, and capitalizing on worries about ageing. Second, they stated that marketing, access, and perceived affordability of products and services intersected with lived experiences of menopause to amplify women's vulnerability to commercial tactics. Third, there were mixed views about the roles of the pharmaceutical industry in sponsoring women's health events. These ranged from significant scepticism about the motives of the pharmaceutical industry, to support for initiatives that helped increase information and awareness. This study highlights the risks associated with commercial practices related to menopause. It shows that women themselves are concerned about the exploitation of women's health for profit. It emphasizes the need for increased critical focus on the role of commercial determinants in shaping women's understandings and experiences of menopause.

Transgender (trans) communities in Guatemala are severely and disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with overall HIV prevention and care services severely limited. Our binational community-based participatory research partnership sought to identify priorities for advancing HIV health equity and curtailing the epidemic within Guatemalan transgender communities. In June 2024, we held five stratified, in-person Spanish-language listening sessions in Guatemala City with community leaders (N = 18) representing grassroots trans advocacy groups, frontline mental health providers, and community-based and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer+ (LGBTQ+) organizations. Constant comparison was used to analyze listening session data. Nine macrolevel themes were identified including the context in which Guatemalan trans communities live-a context characterized by profound stigmatization and discrimination, the pathologization of sexual and gender minorities, and violence. Twenty-four actionable community priorities were also identified, including improving HIV surveillance, addressing social and structural stigma and discrimination, ensuring comprehensive provider training, conducting community-centered research, enhancing mental health services, and addressing upstream social determinants of health (e.g. economic opportunities). While further research is needed, our findings offer insights into the experiences of Guatemalan trans communities, highlight community priorities for advancing health equity and curtailing the HIV epidemic, and provide a roadmap for culturally responsive interventions and policy development.

Sedentary behaviour is increasingly common and is becoming a challenge to maintain the young population healthy. This scoping review aims to identify the existing literature on strategies for altering the classroom design to reduce sedentary behaviour in classroom settings during lessons and the impact of interventions. Three electronic databases (ERIC, PsycInfo, and Scopus) were searched for relevant literature. A total of 40 eligible articles from different countries published between January 2003 and April 2024 were included in the review, which was carried out to identify interventions to prevent sedentary behaviour by redesigning the classroom. The methodology was conducted by the framework presented by Arksey and O'Malley and is reported following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The findings reveal various approaches to preventing sedentary behaviour through active desks (e.g. standing desks, sit-to-stand desks, bicycling desks, and stability balls). Most studies focused on stand-biased desks, targeting students (9-12 years old) and were primarily from the USA. Since standing was voluntary, only minor bouts of standing and movement were typically achieved. Only a few studies included partial co-design elements. The thematic analysis identifies the impact of the different interventions. Five themes were found: impact on physical activity, classroom behaviour, cognitive performance, physical and/or mental well-being and challenges. The findings suggest that standing at standing desks while studying does not pose significant physical or mental challenges for students, although some physical fatigue was observed after prolonged standing up. However, a key gap was the absence of co-design in the intervention process. Trial registration: The scoping review protocol was not pre-registered.