Local Environment最新文献

Natural and anthropogenic disasters often have greater impact on marginalized communities because of structural disinvestment and racism. Impacts may not be uniform across communities; it is important to identify characteristics related to individual- and neighborhood-level resilience in the context of disaster. The Flint Water Crisis (FWC), given its varying, widespread impacts, provides an opportunity to examine these characteristics. Using Speak to Your Health! (STYH) survey data prior to (2013), during (2015), and after (2017) the FWC's onset, a synthetic longitudinal cohort was created, resulting in a cohort of 885 observations (295 per timepoint). Model-based clustering identified trajectory patterns of 4 factors (individual mental health, institutional trust, neighborhood satisfaction, social support). Each individual's cluster membership was mapped, and Getis-Ord Gi* Hot Spot Analysis identified geospatial patterns of cluster concentration. Five clusters were identified with distinct patterns of disaster impact and resilience: stressed; recovery; resilient; resilient-plus; and growth. Hot Spot analysis demonstrated patterns the cluster membership related to neighborhood sociodemographics, including race, SES, and vacancy rates; of note, the growth cluster was concentrated in the poorest and most heavily vacant neighborhoods. These findings have important implications for efforts to reduce the burden of natural and anthropogenic disasters and other community-level traumas. The results highlight the heterogeneity of outcomes within the same community. Mental health factors are particularly vulnerable. This study indicates that with appropriate response and investment, marginalized communities may demonstrate resilience and even growth following community-level trauma.

This paper develops the methodological concept of river co-learning arenas (RCAs) and explores their potential to strengthen innovative grassroots river initiatives, enliven river commons, regenerate river ecologies, and foster greater socio-ecological justice. The integrity of river systems has been threatened in profound ways over the last century. Pollution, damming, canalisation, and water grabbing are some examples of pressures threatening the entwined lifeworlds of human and non-human communities that depend on riverine systems. Finding ways to reverse the trends of environmental degradation demands complex spatial-temporal, political, and institutional articulations across different levels of governance (from local to global) and among a plurality of actors who operate from diverse spheres of knowledge and systems of practice, and who have distinct capacities to affect decision-making. In this context, grassroots river initiatives worldwide use new multi-actor and multi-level dialogue arenas to develop proposals for river regeneration and promote social-ecological justice in opposition to dominant technocratic-hydraulic development strategies. This paper conceptualises these spaces of dialogue and action as RCAs and critically reflects on ways of organising and supporting RCAs while facilitating their cross-fertilisation in transdisciplinary practice. By integrating studies, debates, and theories from diverse disciplines, we generate multi-faceted insights and present cornerstones for the engagement with and/or enaction of RCAs. This encompasses five main themes central to RCAs: (1) River knowledge encounters and truth regimes, (2) transgressive co-learning, (3) confrontation and collaboration dynamics, (4) ongoing reflexivity, (5) transcultural knowledge assemblages and translocal bridging of rooted knowledge.