Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00595-7
Genti Toyokuni, Dapeng Zhao
Abstract A detailed 3-D tomographic model of the whole mantle beneath the northern hemisphere (north of ~ 30°N latitude) is obtained by inverting a large amount of P -wave arrival time data ( P , pP , and PP ) to investigate transition of subducted slabs beneath Eurasia–Arctic–North America. We apply an updated global tomographic method that can investigate the whole mantle 3-D structure beneath a target area with high resolution comparable to that of regional tomography. The final tomographic model is obtained by performing independent calculations for 12 different target areas and stitching together the results. Our model clearly shows the subducted Izanagi and Farallon slabs penetrating into the lower mantle beneath Eurasia and North America, respectively. In the region from Canada to Greenland, a stagnant slab lying below the 660-km discontinuity is revealed. Because this slab has a texture that seems to be due to subducted oceanic ridges, the slab might be composed of the Farallon and Kula slabs that had subducted during ~60–50 Ma. During that period, a complex rift system represented by division between Canada and Greenland was developed. The oceanic ridge subduction and hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab caused a tensional stress field, which might have induced these complex tectonic events.
{"title":"Ancient slabs beneath Arctic and surroundings: Izanagi, Farallon, and in-betweens","authors":"Genti Toyokuni, Dapeng Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00595-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00595-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A detailed 3-D tomographic model of the whole mantle beneath the northern hemisphere (north of ~ 30°N latitude) is obtained by inverting a large amount of P -wave arrival time data ( P , pP , and PP ) to investigate transition of subducted slabs beneath Eurasia–Arctic–North America. We apply an updated global tomographic method that can investigate the whole mantle 3-D structure beneath a target area with high resolution comparable to that of regional tomography. The final tomographic model is obtained by performing independent calculations for 12 different target areas and stitching together the results. Our model clearly shows the subducted Izanagi and Farallon slabs penetrating into the lower mantle beneath Eurasia and North America, respectively. In the region from Canada to Greenland, a stagnant slab lying below the 660-km discontinuity is revealed. Because this slab has a texture that seems to be due to subducted oceanic ridges, the slab might be composed of the Farallon and Kula slabs that had subducted during ~60–50 Ma. During that period, a complex rift system represented by division between Canada and Greenland was developed. The oceanic ridge subduction and hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab caused a tensional stress field, which might have induced these complex tectonic events.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"91 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00596-6
Mengying He, Wanying Zhang, Bin Wang, Hongbo Zheng
Abstract Understanding the provenance and sediment surface processes of the Mu Us sandy land (MU) is critical for comprehending aeolian deposits and dust transportation in inland Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). In this study, we analyzed the detrital zircon U–Pb ages in the sediments of the MU, together with the previously collected data from sediments in the Hobq desert and CLP. Our findings demonstrate that there is spatial heterogeneity in the sediment characteristics of the MU and Hobq regions, with noticeable differences between northeastern and southwestern areas. In addition, the northeastern part of the CLP displays significant dissimilarities from other regions of the CLP. The NE MU, Eastern Hobq, and NE CLP inherit the main characteristics of basement rocks from the Western North China Craton, with prominent age ranges of 1600–2200 Ma and 2200–2800 Ma, indicating that this region is likely more controlled by in-situ weathering and recycling. In contrast, the SW MU, West-Middle Hobq and most parts of CLP show multiple sources, with a higher proportion of 200–350 Ma and 350–600 Ma, reflecting that the aeolian deposits in this area may be associated with more frequent earth surface processes such as sand-driving winds and fluvial transport. Although all three regions are situated within the square bend of the Yellow River and under the prevailing winds direction, sediments in the first two areas appear to have a more mixed contribution of both local and distal sources. In contrast, deposits in the CLP region were primarily sourced from the northeast Tibetan Plateau via the upper Yellow River. This indicates a variation in dust sources from north to south and suggests that the MU is part of the same sedimentary system as the CLP, rather than its direct source.
{"title":"Provenance differentiation and earth surface process of the Mu Us sandy land constrained by detrital zircon U–Pb dating","authors":"Mengying He, Wanying Zhang, Bin Wang, Hongbo Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00596-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00596-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Understanding the provenance and sediment surface processes of the Mu Us sandy land (MU) is critical for comprehending aeolian deposits and dust transportation in inland Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). In this study, we analyzed the detrital zircon U–Pb ages in the sediments of the MU, together with the previously collected data from sediments in the Hobq desert and CLP. Our findings demonstrate that there is spatial heterogeneity in the sediment characteristics of the MU and Hobq regions, with noticeable differences between northeastern and southwestern areas. In addition, the northeastern part of the CLP displays significant dissimilarities from other regions of the CLP. The NE MU, Eastern Hobq, and NE CLP inherit the main characteristics of basement rocks from the Western North China Craton, with prominent age ranges of 1600–2200 Ma and 2200–2800 Ma, indicating that this region is likely more controlled by in-situ weathering and recycling. In contrast, the SW MU, West-Middle Hobq and most parts of CLP show multiple sources, with a higher proportion of 200–350 Ma and 350–600 Ma, reflecting that the aeolian deposits in this area may be associated with more frequent earth surface processes such as sand-driving winds and fluvial transport. Although all three regions are situated within the square bend of the Yellow River and under the prevailing winds direction, sediments in the first two areas appear to have a more mixed contribution of both local and distal sources. In contrast, deposits in the CLP region were primarily sourced from the northeast Tibetan Plateau via the upper Yellow River. This indicates a variation in dust sources from north to south and suggests that the MU is part of the same sedimentary system as the CLP, rather than its direct source.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00594-8
Ken Yamaoka, Simon R. Wallis
Abstract Igneous rocks associated with the Cretaceous to Paleogene volcanic arc in SW Japan show ages that young from west to east in a direction parallel to the Median Tectonic Line suggesting corresponding translation of a heat source traditionally interpreted in terms of oblique subduction of a spreading ridge. However, recent oceanic plate reconstructions suggest ridge subduction may be younger than the main arc activity. Age compilations of 1227 points of felsic to intermediate Cretaceous and Cenozoic igneous rocks from the Japan arc show arc magmatism that can be separated into an early active period 130–60 Ma (stage 1), a subsequent period of quiescence 60–46 Ma (stage 2), which is followed by a resumption of igneous activity from 46 Ma onward (stage 3). In southwest Japan, the orientations of the magmatic arcs of stages 1 and 3 show and angular discordance of about 20°. The lack of active arc magmatism and the occurrence patterns of adakitic and high-Mg andesitic magmas indicate that ridge subduction occurred during stage 2. The arc age distribution pattern of stage 1 is explained by the slab shallowing related to a younging of the subducting slab as the ridge approaches. Furthermore, the obliquity of the arcs formed at stages 1 and 3 is explained by a 20° clockwise rotation of the inner zone of southwest Japan during the ridge-subduction phase. Oceanic plate reconstructions show counterclockwise rotation in the subduction direction after the ridge subduction phase, and coupling of the subducting oceanic plate with the upper plate would support microplate rotation in the inner zone. The new proposed tectonic reconstructions provide a framework to related Paleogene subduction of an active spreading ridge along the east Asia margin not only to the distribution of granitic bodies but also to rift-related basin formation on the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent and to rotation of crustal blocks indicated by paleomagnetic data of Cretaceous terranes.
{"title":"Clockwise rotation of SW Japan and timing of Izanagi–Pacific ridge subduction revealed by arc migration","authors":"Ken Yamaoka, Simon R. Wallis","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00594-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00594-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Igneous rocks associated with the Cretaceous to Paleogene volcanic arc in SW Japan show ages that young from west to east in a direction parallel to the Median Tectonic Line suggesting corresponding translation of a heat source traditionally interpreted in terms of oblique subduction of a spreading ridge. However, recent oceanic plate reconstructions suggest ridge subduction may be younger than the main arc activity. Age compilations of 1227 points of felsic to intermediate Cretaceous and Cenozoic igneous rocks from the Japan arc show arc magmatism that can be separated into an early active period 130–60 Ma (stage 1), a subsequent period of quiescence 60–46 Ma (stage 2), which is followed by a resumption of igneous activity from 46 Ma onward (stage 3). In southwest Japan, the orientations of the magmatic arcs of stages 1 and 3 show and angular discordance of about 20°. The lack of active arc magmatism and the occurrence patterns of adakitic and high-Mg andesitic magmas indicate that ridge subduction occurred during stage 2. The arc age distribution pattern of stage 1 is explained by the slab shallowing related to a younging of the subducting slab as the ridge approaches. Furthermore, the obliquity of the arcs formed at stages 1 and 3 is explained by a 20° clockwise rotation of the inner zone of southwest Japan during the ridge-subduction phase. Oceanic plate reconstructions show counterclockwise rotation in the subduction direction after the ridge subduction phase, and coupling of the subducting oceanic plate with the upper plate would support microplate rotation in the inner zone. The new proposed tectonic reconstructions provide a framework to related Paleogene subduction of an active spreading ridge along the east Asia margin not only to the distribution of granitic bodies but also to rift-related basin formation on the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent and to rotation of crustal blocks indicated by paleomagnetic data of Cretaceous terranes.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00593-9
Yuichiro Tanioka, Yusuke Yamanaka
Abstract This paper provides an overview of inverse studies that estimate earthquake source processes using tsunami-related data. Methods and techniques developed with those data associated with the 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquakes were reviewed. These events significantly impacted subsequent studies that focused on great historical earthquakes. Thus, recent advancements from studies on great historical earthquakes (M > 8) using old tsunami data, including documents and non-digital tsunami waveforms, have been reviewed. Another key earthquake was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, and its source process was revealed using geological tsunami deposit data, which have led to a recent surge in prehistorical earthquake studies using tsunami deposit data. Considering this, the advancements in prehistorical earthquake studies have been reviewed. Finally, expected advancements in earthquake source process studies using tsunami-related data in the near future have been discussed.
{"title":"Recent progress in research on source processes of great earthquakes using tsunami data","authors":"Yuichiro Tanioka, Yusuke Yamanaka","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00593-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00593-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides an overview of inverse studies that estimate earthquake source processes using tsunami-related data. Methods and techniques developed with those data associated with the 2004 Sumatra and 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquakes were reviewed. These events significantly impacted subsequent studies that focused on great historical earthquakes. Thus, recent advancements from studies on great historical earthquakes (M > 8) using old tsunami data, including documents and non-digital tsunami waveforms, have been reviewed. Another key earthquake was the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, and its source process was revealed using geological tsunami deposit data, which have led to a recent surge in prehistorical earthquake studies using tsunami deposit data. Considering this, the advancements in prehistorical earthquake studies have been reviewed. Finally, expected advancements in earthquake source process studies using tsunami-related data in the near future have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study examined the performance of an explicit bulk lightning model coupled with a meteorological model for forecasting lightning by numerical weather prediction over Japan. The evaluation was conducted by comparing the lightning predicted by the explicit bulk lightning model, diagnosed empirically by the numerical model, and observed by ground base measurements. From the results, the bulk lightning model performed better in terms of lightning frequency than did the diagnostic scheme, which overestimated the lightning frequency, although there were no appreciable differences in the score of each method for the geographical distribution and time correlation compared with the observations. These results suggest that the explicit bulk lightning model is advantageous for predicting lightning frequency. The sensitivity of the simulated lightning to the choice of cloud microphysical model was also examined by using a two-moment and a one-moment bulk microphysical scheme. Sensitivity experiments on the choice of microphysical model indicated that the two-moment bulk scheme reproduced the observed lightning well, while the one-moment bulk scheme overestimated the lightning frequency. Analyses suggested that the overestimation of the lightning in the one-moment bulk scheme originated from active charge separation by riming electrification, in which graupel was produced more frequently and was assumed to fall faster. These results suggest that the explicit bulk lightning model with the two-moment bulk microphysical scheme offers an alternative to conventional lightning prediction methods. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Advantage of bulk lightning models for predicting lightning frequency over Japan","authors":"Takumi Tomioka, Yousuke Sato, Syugo Hayashi, Satoru Yoshida, Takeshi Iwashita","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00592-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00592-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examined the performance of an explicit bulk lightning model coupled with a meteorological model for forecasting lightning by numerical weather prediction over Japan. The evaluation was conducted by comparing the lightning predicted by the explicit bulk lightning model, diagnosed empirically by the numerical model, and observed by ground base measurements. From the results, the bulk lightning model performed better in terms of lightning frequency than did the diagnostic scheme, which overestimated the lightning frequency, although there were no appreciable differences in the score of each method for the geographical distribution and time correlation compared with the observations. These results suggest that the explicit bulk lightning model is advantageous for predicting lightning frequency. The sensitivity of the simulated lightning to the choice of cloud microphysical model was also examined by using a two-moment and a one-moment bulk microphysical scheme. Sensitivity experiments on the choice of microphysical model indicated that the two-moment bulk scheme reproduced the observed lightning well, while the one-moment bulk scheme overestimated the lightning frequency. Analyses suggested that the overestimation of the lightning in the one-moment bulk scheme originated from active charge separation by riming electrification, in which graupel was produced more frequently and was assumed to fall faster. These results suggest that the explicit bulk lightning model with the two-moment bulk microphysical scheme offers an alternative to conventional lightning prediction methods. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00591-x
Xiling Zhou, Tomonori Sato, Shixue Li
Abstract Together with rapid Arctic warming and sea ice decline, especially over the Barents–Kara seas (BKS), extreme cold winters have occurred frequently in mid-latitudes, particularly in Central Eurasia. A pattern with two distinct winter temperature anomalies centered over the BKS and Central Eurasia is known as the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern. The impacts of sea ice loss over the BKS and internal atmospheric variability on past WACE formation remain under discussion mainly due to the large internal atmospheric variability in the mid-latitudes. This study analyzed a large-ensemble historical experiment prescribing observed sea ice condition to investigate the role of internal atmospheric variability in the observed interannual variation of the WACE pattern. Comparison of ensemble members suggests that internal atmospheric variability is important for regulating the magnitude of the WACE pattern. Besides the strong effect of local sea ice loss, winter temperature over the BKS increases due to warm advection driven by the Ural blocking and positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. A decrease in winter temperature over Central Eurasia is mainly attributable to the cold advection enhanced by Ural blocking rather than the remote effect of sea ice decline over the BKS. Our study reveals the importance of internal atmospheric variability in elucidating the observed interannual variation of the WACE pattern.
{"title":"Interannual variation of the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia pattern modulated by Ural blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation under changing sea ice conditions","authors":"Xiling Zhou, Tomonori Sato, Shixue Li","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00591-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00591-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Together with rapid Arctic warming and sea ice decline, especially over the Barents–Kara seas (BKS), extreme cold winters have occurred frequently in mid-latitudes, particularly in Central Eurasia. A pattern with two distinct winter temperature anomalies centered over the BKS and Central Eurasia is known as the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern. The impacts of sea ice loss over the BKS and internal atmospheric variability on past WACE formation remain under discussion mainly due to the large internal atmospheric variability in the mid-latitudes. This study analyzed a large-ensemble historical experiment prescribing observed sea ice condition to investigate the role of internal atmospheric variability in the observed interannual variation of the WACE pattern. Comparison of ensemble members suggests that internal atmospheric variability is important for regulating the magnitude of the WACE pattern. Besides the strong effect of local sea ice loss, winter temperature over the BKS increases due to warm advection driven by the Ural blocking and positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. A decrease in winter temperature over Central Eurasia is mainly attributable to the cold advection enhanced by Ural blocking rather than the remote effect of sea ice decline over the BKS. Our study reveals the importance of internal atmospheric variability in elucidating the observed interannual variation of the WACE pattern.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00590-y
Bjorn Mysen
Abstract In order to characterize rhenium transport via infiltration of fluids in the Earth's interior, the solubility and solution mechanisms of ReO 2 in aqueous fluids were determined to 900 °C and about 1710 MPa by using an externally–heated hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. In order to shed light on how Re solubility and solution mechanisms in aqueous fluids can be affected by interaction of Re with other solutes, compositions ranged from the comparatively simple ReO 2 –H 2 O system to compositionally more complex Na 2 O–ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O fluids. Fluids in the ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O, SiO 2 –H 2 O, Na 2 O–SiO 2 –H 2 O, and Na 2 O–ReO 2 –H 2 O systems also were examined. The presence of Na 2 O enhances the ReO 2 solubility so that in Na 2 O–ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids, for example, Re solubility is increased by a factor of 10–15 compared with the Re solubility in Na 2 O-free ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids. The SiO 2 component in ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O causes reduction of ReO 2 solubility compared with ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids. The ReO 2 solubility in the Na-bearing Na 2 O–ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O fluids is greater than that in fluids in both the ReO 2 –H 2 O and ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O systems. Rhenium is dissolved in aqueous fluid as ReO 4 -complexes with Re in fourfold coordination with oxygen. Some, or all, of the oxygen in these complexes is replaced by OH-groups depending on whether Na 2 O also is present. It is proposed that during dehydration of hydrated subduction zone mineral assemblages in the upper mantle, the alkali/alkaline earth ratio of the source of the released aqueous fluid affects the extent to which Re (and other HFSE) can be transported into an overlying peridotite mantle wedge. The infiltration of such fluids will, in turn, affect the Re content (and Re/Os ratio) of magma formed by partial melting of this peridotite wedge.
{"title":"Rhenium solubility and speciation in aqueous fluids at high temperature and pressure","authors":"Bjorn Mysen","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00590-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00590-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to characterize rhenium transport via infiltration of fluids in the Earth's interior, the solubility and solution mechanisms of ReO 2 in aqueous fluids were determined to 900 °C and about 1710 MPa by using an externally–heated hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. In order to shed light on how Re solubility and solution mechanisms in aqueous fluids can be affected by interaction of Re with other solutes, compositions ranged from the comparatively simple ReO 2 –H 2 O system to compositionally more complex Na 2 O–ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O fluids. Fluids in the ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O, SiO 2 –H 2 O, Na 2 O–SiO 2 –H 2 O, and Na 2 O–ReO 2 –H 2 O systems also were examined. The presence of Na 2 O enhances the ReO 2 solubility so that in Na 2 O–ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids, for example, Re solubility is increased by a factor of 10–15 compared with the Re solubility in Na 2 O-free ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids. The SiO 2 component in ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O causes reduction of ReO 2 solubility compared with ReO 2 –H 2 O fluids. The ReO 2 solubility in the Na-bearing Na 2 O–ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O fluids is greater than that in fluids in both the ReO 2 –H 2 O and ReO 2 –SiO 2 –H 2 O systems. Rhenium is dissolved in aqueous fluid as ReO 4 -complexes with Re in fourfold coordination with oxygen. Some, or all, of the oxygen in these complexes is replaced by OH-groups depending on whether Na 2 O also is present. It is proposed that during dehydration of hydrated subduction zone mineral assemblages in the upper mantle, the alkali/alkaline earth ratio of the source of the released aqueous fluid affects the extent to which Re (and other HFSE) can be transported into an overlying peridotite mantle wedge. The infiltration of such fluids will, in turn, affect the Re content (and Re/Os ratio) of magma formed by partial melting of this peridotite wedge.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00589-5
Peter E. van Keken, Cian R. Wilson
Abstract The thermal structure of subduction zones is fundamental to our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur at active convergent plate margins. These include magma generation and related arc volcanism, shallow and deep seismicity, and metamorphic reactions that can release fluids. Computational models can predict the thermal structure to great numerical precision when models are fully described but this does not guarantee accuracy or applicability. In a trio of companion papers, the construction of thermal subduction zone models, their use in subduction zone studies, and their link to geophysical and geochemical observations are explored. In this last part, we discuss how independent finite element approaches predict the thermal structure of the global subduction system and investigate how well these predictions correspond to geophysical, geochemical, and petrological observations.
{"title":"An introductory review of the thermal structure of subduction zones: III—Comparison between models and observations","authors":"Peter E. van Keken, Cian R. Wilson","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00589-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00589-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermal structure of subduction zones is fundamental to our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that occur at active convergent plate margins. These include magma generation and related arc volcanism, shallow and deep seismicity, and metamorphic reactions that can release fluids. Computational models can predict the thermal structure to great numerical precision when models are fully described but this does not guarantee accuracy or applicability. In a trio of companion papers, the construction of thermal subduction zone models, their use in subduction zone studies, and their link to geophysical and geochemical observations are explored. In this last part, we discuss how independent finite element approaches predict the thermal structure of the global subduction system and investigate how well these predictions correspond to geophysical, geochemical, and petrological observations.","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00587-7
Toshiro Tanimoto, Aaron Anderson
Abstract It is now established that the primary microseism, the secondary microseisms, and the hum are the three main components of seismic noise in the frequency band from about 0.003 Hz to 1.0 Hz. Monthly averages of seismic noise are dominated by these signals in seismic noise. There are, however, some temporary additional signals in the same frequency band, such as signals from tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) in the ocean and on land, stormquakes, weather bombs, tornadoes, and wind-related atmospheric pressure loading. We review these effects, lasting only from a few hours to a week but are significant signals. We also attempt to classify all seismic noise. We point out that there are two broad types of seismic noise, the propagating seismic waves and the quasi-static deformations. The latter type is observed only for surface pressure changes at close distances. It has been known since about 1970 but has not been emphasized in recent literature. Recent data based on co-located pressure and seismic instruments clearly show its existence. Because the number of phenomena in the first type is large, we propose to classify all seismic noise into three categories: (1) propagating seismic waves from ocean sources, (2) propagating seismic waves from on-land sources, and (3) quasi-static deformation at ocean bottom and on land. The microseisms and the hum are in the first category although there are differences in the detailed processes of their excitation mechanisms. We will also classify temporary signals by these categories.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1186/s40645-023-00586-8
Steven Ly, Takahiro Sayama, S. Try
{"title":"Integrated impact assessment of climate change and hydropower operation on streamflow and inundation in the lower Mekong Basin","authors":"Steven Ly, Takahiro Sayama, S. Try","doi":"10.1186/s40645-023-00586-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-023-00586-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54272,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Earth and Planetary Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42152636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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