{"title":"Editorial: Special Issue on Semantic Web and Ontology Design for Cultural Heritage","authors":"Antonis Bikakis, Roberta Ferrario, Stéphane Jean, Béatrice Markhoff, Alessandro Mosca, Marianna Nicolosi Asmundo","doi":"10.1145/3626254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3626254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"285 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To effectively communicate the archaeological remains of the distant past is a challenge: little may be left to see, and the culture may be very different to comprehend. This paper compares two technological approaches to communicating Roman archaeology in museums: virtual reality and tangible interaction. Although very different in rationale, design, and implementation, the two explorative studies have the same aim of engaging visitors with important exhibits. The challenge is to effectively communicate the exhibit's original and cultural context. In ‘Views of the Past’ virtual reality was used to support an environmental narrative experience where fragments of history are found scattered in the 3D reconstructed forum of Augustus in Rome. In ‘My Roman Pantheon’, a tangible interactive installation, visitors act as Romans living along Hadrian's Wall making offering to the deities of the Roman pantheon in order to secure their protection. In both explorative studies the combination of the features (virtual reality + narratives, tangible + acting) make visitors feel ‘cultural presence’ where the perception of a place is combined with the awareness of the culture and an understanding of the past. Although they work on very different sensorial reaction (sight for virtual reality, touch for tangible interaction), both are promising mechanisms to design effective visitor's experiences for challenging cultural heritage settings.
{"title":"Exploring digital means to engage visitors with Roman culture: Virtual Reality vs. Tangible Interaction.","authors":"Daniela Petrelli, Andrew J. Roberts","doi":"10.1145/3625367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625367","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively communicate the archaeological remains of the distant past is a challenge: little may be left to see, and the culture may be very different to comprehend. This paper compares two technological approaches to communicating Roman archaeology in museums: virtual reality and tangible interaction. Although very different in rationale, design, and implementation, the two explorative studies have the same aim of engaging visitors with important exhibits. The challenge is to effectively communicate the exhibit's original and cultural context. In ‘Views of the Past’ virtual reality was used to support an environmental narrative experience where fragments of history are found scattered in the 3D reconstructed forum of Augustus in Rome. In ‘My Roman Pantheon’, a tangible interactive installation, visitors act as Romans living along Hadrian's Wall making offering to the deities of the Roman pantheon in order to secure their protection. In both explorative studies the combination of the features (virtual reality + narratives, tangible + acting) make visitors feel ‘cultural presence’ where the perception of a place is combined with the awareness of the culture and an understanding of the past. Although they work on very different sensorial reaction (sight for virtual reality, touch for tangible interaction), both are promising mechanisms to design effective visitor's experiences for challenging cultural heritage settings.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archives are facing numerous challenges. On the one hand, archival assets are evolving to encompass digitized documents and increasing quantities of born-digital information in diverse formats. On the other hand, the audience is changing along with how it wishes to access archival material. Moreover, the interoperability requirements of cultural heritage repositories are growing. In this context, the Portuguese Archives started an ambitious program aiming to evolve its data model, migrate existing records, and build a new archival management system appropriate to both archival tasks and public access. The overall goal is to have a fine-grained and flexible description, more machine-actionable than the current one. This work describes ArchOnto, a linked open data model for archives, and rules for its automatic population from existing records. ArchOnto adopts a semantic web approach and encompasses the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model and additional ontologies, envisioning interoperability with datasets curated by multiple communities of practice. Existing ISAD(G)-conforming descriptions are being migrated to the new model using the direct mappings provided here. We used a sample of 25 records associated with different description levels to validate the completeness and conformity of ArchOnto to existing data. This work is in progress and is original in several respects: (1) it is one of the first approaches to use CIDOC CRM in the context of archives, identifying problems and questions that emerged during the process and pinpointing possible solutions; (2) it addresses the balance in the model between the migration of existing records and the construction of new ones by archive professionals; and (3) it adopts an open world view on linking archival data to global information sources.
{"title":"Moving from ISAD(G) to a CIDOC CRM-based Linked Data Model in the Portuguese Archives","authors":"Inês Koch, Carla Teixeira Lopes, Cristina Ribeiro","doi":"10.1145/3605910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3605910","url":null,"abstract":"Archives are facing numerous challenges. On the one hand, archival assets are evolving to encompass digitized documents and increasing quantities of born-digital information in diverse formats. On the other hand, the audience is changing along with how it wishes to access archival material. Moreover, the interoperability requirements of cultural heritage repositories are growing. In this context, the Portuguese Archives started an ambitious program aiming to evolve its data model, migrate existing records, and build a new archival management system appropriate to both archival tasks and public access. The overall goal is to have a fine-grained and flexible description, more machine-actionable than the current one. This work describes ArchOnto, a linked open data model for archives, and rules for its automatic population from existing records. ArchOnto adopts a semantic web approach and encompasses the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model and additional ontologies, envisioning interoperability with datasets curated by multiple communities of practice. Existing ISAD(G)-conforming descriptions are being migrated to the new model using the direct mappings provided here. We used a sample of 25 records associated with different description levels to validate the completeness and conformity of ArchOnto to existing data. This work is in progress and is original in several respects: (1) it is one of the first approaches to use CIDOC CRM in the context of archives, identifying problems and questions that emerged during the process and pinpointing possible solutions; (2) it addresses the balance in the model between the migration of existing records and the construction of new ones by archive professionals; and (3) it adopts an open world view on linking archival data to global information sources.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"690 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Murielle Cornut, Julien Antoine Raemy, Florian Spiess
We reflect on some of the preliminary findings of the Participatory Knowledge Practices in Analogue and Digital Image Archives (PIA) research project around annotations of photographic archives from the Swiss Society for Folklore Studies (SSFS) as knowledge practices, the underlying technological decisions, and their impact. The aim is not only to seek more information but to find new approaches of understanding the way in which people’s memory relate to the collective, public form of archival memory and ultimately how users figure in and shape the digital archive. We provide a proof-of-concept workflow based on automatically generated annotations comprising 53,481 photos that were subjected to object detection using Faster R-CNN Inception ResNet V2. Of the detected objects, 184,609 have a detection score greater than 0.5, 123,529 have a score greater than 0.75, and 88,442 have a score greater than 0.9. A threshold of 0.75 was set for the dissemination of our annotations, compatible with the W3C Web Annotation Data Model (WADM) and embedded in our IIIF Manifests. In the near future, the workflow will be upgraded to allow for the co-existence of various, and occasionally conflicting, assertions made by both human and machine users. We believe that Linked Open Usable Data (LOUD) standards should be used to improve the sustainability of such an ecosystem and to foster collaboration between actors in cultural heritage.
{"title":"Annotations as Knowledge Practices in Image Archives: Application of Linked Open Usable Data and Machine Learning","authors":"Murielle Cornut, Julien Antoine Raemy, Florian Spiess","doi":"10.1145/3625301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625301","url":null,"abstract":"We reflect on some of the preliminary findings of the Participatory Knowledge Practices in Analogue and Digital Image Archives (PIA) research project around annotations of photographic archives from the Swiss Society for Folklore Studies (SSFS) as knowledge practices, the underlying technological decisions, and their impact. The aim is not only to seek more information but to find new approaches of understanding the way in which people’s memory relate to the collective, public form of archival memory and ultimately how users figure in and shape the digital archive. We provide a proof-of-concept workflow based on automatically generated annotations comprising 53,481 photos that were subjected to object detection using Faster R-CNN Inception ResNet V2. Of the detected objects, 184,609 have a detection score greater than 0.5, 123,529 have a score greater than 0.75, and 88,442 have a score greater than 0.9. A threshold of 0.75 was set for the dissemination of our annotations, compatible with the W3C Web Annotation Data Model (WADM) and embedded in our IIIF Manifests. In the near future, the workflow will be upgraded to allow for the co-existence of various, and occasionally conflicting, assertions made by both human and machine users. We believe that Linked Open Usable Data (LOUD) standards should be used to improve the sustainability of such an ecosystem and to foster collaboration between actors in cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The architectural complex of the al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya in Aleppo, Syria, remains one of the most remarkable monuments in the centuries-old city. First founded as the Church of St. Helen in the sixth century to serve as the Cathedral of Byzantine Aleppo, the structure preserves evidence of a complicated building history. For example, the Cathedral was converted into a mosque in 1124; later, parts of the church were integrated into a Madrassa. More recently, damage to the structure due to the war revealed information about Byzantine building methods. This research revisits the building history of the monument by relying on a parametric, Building Information Modelling (BIM) representation to compare the surviving structure with earlier reconstructions., this paper addresses the following: 1. A survey of the building's history, topography, and architecture: Over the centuries, al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya has attracted Medieval monks, travellers, brigands, scholars, and more. Their accounts offer exciting opportunities to contextualise structural and functional changes to the complex. 2. An analysis of the historical structure, especially from the Byzantine period: The presented 3D documentation of the site focused on historical transformations, which the authors then traced and compared by means of BIM to reconstructions proposed by Samuel Guyer (1911) and Michel Écochard (1950). This research demonstrates how a hybrid methodology can be used to establish building phases for comparison with historical and scholarly accounts, revealing new knowledge about building techniques and processes. The presented work started with a field survey of the monument, which was used to generate a hybrid 3D point cloud. Using the point cloud, the Byzantine church was virtually reconstructed and several construction phases were identified. At the same time, H-BIM models were created based on the work of Guyer and Écochard. Finally, the Guyer and Écochard models were compared with the proposed Byzantine reconstruction and point cloud.
{"title":"A Digital Approach to Revisiting the Byzantine Past of Al-Madrassa Al-Halawiyya in Aleppo","authors":"Rahaf Orabi, Nikolas Bakirtzis, Georgios Artopoulos","doi":"10.1145/3625300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625300","url":null,"abstract":"The architectural complex of the al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya in Aleppo, Syria, remains one of the most remarkable monuments in the centuries-old city. First founded as the Church of St. Helen in the sixth century to serve as the Cathedral of Byzantine Aleppo, the structure preserves evidence of a complicated building history. For example, the Cathedral was converted into a mosque in 1124; later, parts of the church were integrated into a Madrassa. More recently, damage to the structure due to the war revealed information about Byzantine building methods. This research revisits the building history of the monument by relying on a parametric, Building Information Modelling (BIM) representation to compare the surviving structure with earlier reconstructions., this paper addresses the following: 1. A survey of the building's history, topography, and architecture: Over the centuries, al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya has attracted Medieval monks, travellers, brigands, scholars, and more. Their accounts offer exciting opportunities to contextualise structural and functional changes to the complex. 2. An analysis of the historical structure, especially from the Byzantine period: The presented 3D documentation of the site focused on historical transformations, which the authors then traced and compared by means of BIM to reconstructions proposed by Samuel Guyer (1911) and Michel Écochard (1950). This research demonstrates how a hybrid methodology can be used to establish building phases for comparison with historical and scholarly accounts, revealing new knowledge about building techniques and processes. The presented work started with a field survey of the monument, which was used to generate a hybrid 3D point cloud. Using the point cloud, the Byzantine church was virtually reconstructed and several construction phases were identified. At the same time, H-BIM models were created based on the work of Guyer and Écochard. Finally, the Guyer and Écochard models were compared with the proposed Byzantine reconstruction and point cloud.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134958274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical photos are valuable for their cultural and economic significance, but can be difficult to identify accurately due to various challenges such as low-quality images, lack of corroborating evidence, and limited research resources. Misidentified photos can have significant negative consequences, including lost economic value, incorrect historical records, and the spread of misinformation that can lead to perpetuating conspiracy theories. To accurately assess the credibility of a photo identification (ID), it may be necessary to conduct investigative research, use domain knowledge, and consult experts. In this paper, we introduce DoubleCheck, a quality assessment framework for verifying historical photo IDs on Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS), a popular online platform for identifying American Civil War-era photos using facial recognition and crowdsourcing. DoubleCheck focuses on improving CWPS’s user experience and system architecture to display information useful for assessing the quality of historical photo IDs on CWPS. In a mixed-methods evaluation of DoubleCheck, we found that users contributed a wide diversity of sources for photo IDs, which helped facilitate the community’s assessment of these IDs through DoubleCheck’s provenance visualizations. Further, DoubleCheck’s quality assessment badges and visualizations supported users in making accurate assessments of photo IDs, even in cases involving ID conflicts.
{"title":"DoubleCheck: Designing Community-based Assessability for Historical Person Identification","authors":"Vikram Mohanty, Kurt Luther","doi":"10.1145/3625303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3625303","url":null,"abstract":"Historical photos are valuable for their cultural and economic significance, but can be difficult to identify accurately due to various challenges such as low-quality images, lack of corroborating evidence, and limited research resources. Misidentified photos can have significant negative consequences, including lost economic value, incorrect historical records, and the spread of misinformation that can lead to perpetuating conspiracy theories. To accurately assess the credibility of a photo identification (ID), it may be necessary to conduct investigative research, use domain knowledge, and consult experts. In this paper, we introduce DoubleCheck, a quality assessment framework for verifying historical photo IDs on Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS), a popular online platform for identifying American Civil War-era photos using facial recognition and crowdsourcing. DoubleCheck focuses on improving CWPS’s user experience and system architecture to display information useful for assessing the quality of historical photo IDs on CWPS. In a mixed-methods evaluation of DoubleCheck, we found that users contributed a wide diversity of sources for photo IDs, which helped facilitate the community’s assessment of these IDs through DoubleCheck’s provenance visualizations. Further, DoubleCheck’s quality assessment badges and visualizations supported users in making accurate assessments of photo IDs, even in cases involving ID conflicts.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although adaptive reuse has made the preservation, restoration, and maintenance of architectural heritage sites possible due to the revenue generated by the new program, it has unfortunately induced unavoidable renovations that have altered the original design. Consequently, while the physical configuration of an architectural scene of a heritage site can be preserved and restored to mimic how it looked in the past, how to experience it as rendered with the original lighting design that might no longer be available. With the advancement of technologies related to High Dynamic Range Imaging, light models of various ancient illumination can be reconstructed and used as lighting sources for the virtual environment. Although ancient light sources can now be preserved in this digital form, this technique falls short of preserving the real visual perception of the significant canonical scene of cultural heritage with the originally intended lighting. This study proposes a conceptual framework for the digital archiving of the perceptual realism of the original lighting scheme of an architectural heritage site. The Taiwanese folk religion temples were included in a case study to demonstrate the framework; the study investigated how to identify the discrepancy between the scene-based lighting from the past and that of the current period due to adaptive reuse; further, this study determined the systematic method to select the canonical view that can best invoke the memorial spatial experience of the historical space; additionally, this study provides a case report of the restoration of past lighting with candles made with ancient recipes that were recovered from the field study, and the computational process of documenting scene-based lighting with related technologies using high dynamic range imaging. Finally, the researcher of this study conducted two perceptual experiments. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that the pattern of light and dark induced by the daylight falling into the courtyard plays a significant role regarding the viewers’ preference of the canonical scene of the traditional temple. The second experiment further demonstrated canonical views of three temples illuminated with artificial light, modern candlelight, and ancient candlelight, with ancient lighting being the preferred option of viewers.
{"title":"Digital Archiving of the Spatial Experience of Cultural Heritage Sites with Ancient Lighting","authors":"Nan-Ching Tai","doi":"10.1145/3589229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589229","url":null,"abstract":"Although adaptive reuse has made the preservation, restoration, and maintenance of architectural heritage sites possible due to the revenue generated by the new program, it has unfortunately induced unavoidable renovations that have altered the original design. Consequently, while the physical configuration of an architectural scene of a heritage site can be preserved and restored to mimic how it looked in the past, how to experience it as rendered with the original lighting design that might no longer be available. With the advancement of technologies related to High Dynamic Range Imaging, light models of various ancient illumination can be reconstructed and used as lighting sources for the virtual environment. Although ancient light sources can now be preserved in this digital form, this technique falls short of preserving the real visual perception of the significant canonical scene of cultural heritage with the originally intended lighting. This study proposes a conceptual framework for the digital archiving of the perceptual realism of the original lighting scheme of an architectural heritage site. The Taiwanese folk religion temples were included in a case study to demonstrate the framework; the study investigated how to identify the discrepancy between the scene-based lighting from the past and that of the current period due to adaptive reuse; further, this study determined the systematic method to select the canonical view that can best invoke the memorial spatial experience of the historical space; additionally, this study provides a case report of the restoration of past lighting with candles made with ancient recipes that were recovered from the field study, and the computational process of documenting scene-based lighting with related technologies using high dynamic range imaging. Finally, the researcher of this study conducted two perceptual experiments. The results of the first experiment demonstrated that the pattern of light and dark induced by the daylight falling into the courtyard plays a significant role regarding the viewers’ preference of the canonical scene of the traditional temple. The second experiment further demonstrated canonical views of three temples illuminated with artificial light, modern candlelight, and ancient candlelight, with ancient lighting being the preferred option of viewers.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85463847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Antonini, A. Adamou, M. Suárez-Figueroa, Francesca Benatti
Modelling the knowledge behind human experiences is a complex process: it should take into account, among others, the activities performed, human observations and the documentation of the evidence. To represent this knowledge in a declarative way means to support data interoperability in the context of cultural heritage artefacts, as linked datasets on experience documentation have started to appear. With this objective in mind, we describe a study based on an ontology design pattern for modelling experiences through observations, which are considered indirect evidence of a mental process (i.e., the experience). This pattern highlights the structural differences between types of experiential documentation, such as diaries and social media, providing a guideline for the comparability between different domains and for supporting the construction of heterogeneous datasets based on an epistemic compatibility. We have performed not only a formal evaluation over the pattern but also an assessment through a series of case studies. This approach includes (a) the analysis of interoperability among two case studies (reading through social media and historical sources); (b) the development of an ontology for collecting evidences of reading, which reuses the proposed pattern; and (c) the inspection of experience in humanities datasets.
{"title":"Experiential Observations: An Ontology Pattern-Based Study on Capturing the Potential Content within Evidences of Experiences","authors":"A. Antonini, A. Adamou, M. Suárez-Figueroa, Francesca Benatti","doi":"10.1145/3586078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3586078","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling the knowledge behind human experiences is a complex process: it should take into account, among others, the activities performed, human observations and the documentation of the evidence. To represent this knowledge in a declarative way means to support data interoperability in the context of cultural heritage artefacts, as linked datasets on experience documentation have started to appear. With this objective in mind, we describe a study based on an ontology design pattern for modelling experiences through observations, which are considered indirect evidence of a mental process (i.e., the experience). This pattern highlights the structural differences between types of experiential documentation, such as diaries and social media, providing a guideline for the comparability between different domains and for supporting the construction of heterogeneous datasets based on an epistemic compatibility. We have performed not only a formal evaluation over the pattern but also an assessment through a series of case studies. This approach includes (a) the analysis of interoperability among two case studies (reading through social media and historical sources); (b) the development of an ontology for collecting evidences of reading, which reuses the proposed pattern; and (c) the inspection of experience in humanities datasets.","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74542729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decorative “muqarnas” add charm to the design element and may influence the characteristics of an interior space. This study hypothesises that muqarnas in traditional Turkish baths (hammams) affect acoustic performances of such interior spaces. To test this hypothesis, a bath with muqarnas as the dome transition element was selected and a comparative study, in terms of acoustics quality with and without the decorative muqarnas, was conducted. Furthermore, the effect of different muqarnas configurations on acoustic quality of the interior space has been tested via optimisation simulations. With the use of optimisation model, a form of parametric muqarnas in the selected interior space was optimised according to the acoustic objectives. The optimisation tests were conducted with the objectives of increasing C 50 (Clarity), C 80, Reverberation Time (RT), Speech Transmission Index (STI), and decreasing RT. It was found that muqarnas do have an impact on acoustic performance of the interior space and the optimisation experiments suggest that different muqarnas configurations have different impact on the acoustic quality.
装饰性的“muqarnas”增加了设计元素的魅力，并可能影响室内空间的特征。本研究假设传统土耳其浴室(hammam)中的muqarna会影响此类室内空间的声学性能。为了验证这一假设，选择了一个带有muqarnas作为圆顶过渡元素的浴室，并就有和没有装饰muqarnas的声学质量进行了比较研究。此外，通过优化模拟测试了不同muqarnas配置对室内空间声学质量的影响。通过使用优化模型，根据声学目标对选定的内部空间中的参数化muqarnas进行了优化。以提高c50 (Clarity)、c80、混响时间(Reverberation Time, RT)、语音传输指数(Speech Transmission Index, STI)和降低RT为目标进行了优化实验。结果表明muqarnas对室内空间的声学性能有一定的影响，并且优化实验表明不同muqarnas配置对声学质量的影响不同。
{"title":"The Effect of Muqarnas on Acoustic Quality of Traditional Turkish Bath Interior Space","authors":"Asli Agirbas, Enes Yildiz","doi":"10.1145/3589248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3589248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Decorative “muqarnas” add charm to the design element and may influence the characteristics of an interior space. This study hypothesises that muqarnas in traditional Turkish baths\u0000 (hammams)\u0000 affect acoustic performances of such interior spaces. To test this hypothesis, a bath with muqarnas as the dome transition element was selected and a comparative study, in terms of acoustics quality with and without the decorative muqarnas, was conducted. Furthermore, the effect of different muqarnas configurations on acoustic quality of the interior space has been tested via optimisation simulations. With the use of optimisation model, a form of parametric muqarnas in the selected interior space was optimised according to the acoustic objectives. The optimisation tests were conducted with the objectives of increasing C\u0000 50\u0000 (Clarity), C\u0000 80,\u0000 Reverberation Time (RT), Speech Transmission Index (STI), and decreasing RT. It was found that muqarnas do have an impact on acoustic performance of the interior space and the optimisation experiments suggest that different muqarnas configurations have different impact on the acoustic quality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78909546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ding is a significant type of Chinese bronze that holds key cultural value. Traditional humanists have primarily focused on dating and classifying Ding. However, in the context of Digital Humanities, the research perspective of humanities scholars is gradually shifting towards data-driven research, with linked data emerging as a popular topic. A well-defined and standard ontology representing the complete domain knowledge is essential for linked Ding data. Unfortunately, most existing ontology cannot represent fine-grained knowledge of Ding or is restrictive to represent partial knowledge of bronze Ding. In this context, we propose a fine-grained Ding ontology to represent the bronze Ding knowledge. In this paper, we present in detail the Ding ontology of Chinese bronze during Shang and Zhou dynasties (from 1600 BC to 256 BC). We provide a detailed exposition of the Ding ontology and evaluate its effectiveness using OOPS!, OntoMetrics, and by answering competency questions in SPARQL. The building methodology of Ding ontology follows the ISO principles (ISO 1087 and ISO 704). The objective of this paper is to develop an open ontology of Ding during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which can serve as a valuable resource for bilingual terminology dictionaries. The Ding ontology was published at: http://www.dhontology.com/ChineseCulture/data/bronze.owl
{"title":"A Ding Ontology of Chinese Bronze","authors":"Tong Wei, Yuqi Chen","doi":"10.1145/3609484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3609484","url":null,"abstract":"Ding is a significant type of Chinese bronze that holds key cultural value. Traditional humanists have primarily focused on dating and classifying Ding. However, in the context of Digital Humanities, the research perspective of humanities scholars is gradually shifting towards data-driven research, with linked data emerging as a popular topic. A well-defined and standard ontology representing the complete domain knowledge is essential for linked Ding data. Unfortunately, most existing ontology cannot represent fine-grained knowledge of Ding or is restrictive to represent partial knowledge of bronze Ding. In this context, we propose a fine-grained Ding ontology to represent the bronze Ding knowledge. In this paper, we present in detail the Ding ontology of Chinese bronze during Shang and Zhou dynasties (from 1600 BC to 256 BC). We provide a detailed exposition of the Ding ontology and evaluate its effectiveness using OOPS!, OntoMetrics, and by answering competency questions in SPARQL. The building methodology of Ding ontology follows the ISO principles (ISO 1087 and ISO 704). The objective of this paper is to develop an open ontology of Ding during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which can serve as a valuable resource for bilingual terminology dictionaries. The Ding ontology was published at: http://www.dhontology.com/ChineseCulture/data/bronze.owl","PeriodicalId":54310,"journal":{"name":"ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90632007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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