Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000313
Kan Wang, P. Teunissen, A. el-Mowafy
Ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) and position dilution of precision (PDOP) are two popular scalar-diagnostics used in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. Where the ADOP is a predictor for carrier-phase ambiguity resolution performance, the PDOP is meant to predict the receiver-satellite geometry's capability for precise positioning. We will show, however, that although the PDOP works well for code-based positioning, one has to exercise great care in using the PDOP for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. We show that the ADOP and PDOP have distinct behaviors, an important consequence of which is that one can have time periods with small PDOPs, and thus seemingly good geometry for precise positioning, but at the same time large ADOPs, thus showing that successful ambiguity resolution and therefore precise positioning will not be possible. Also, the reverse situation may occur, i.e., having large PDOPs with small ADOPs. In such a situation, the large PDOPs should not automatically lead to the conclusion of poor position performance, because the large gain that ambiguity resolution brings will often still make precise positioning possible. We will analyze and explain this complementary behavior of the PDOP and ADOP and demonstrate this both analytically and empirically. For this analysis we use real Global Positioning System (GPS) single- and multifrequency signals and GPS/Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), GPS/Navigation with Indian Constellation (NAVIC) L5 signals of two baselines located in Perth, Australia.
模糊精度稀释(ADOP)和位置精度稀释(PDOP)是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)定位中常用的两种标量诊断方法。ADOP是载波相位模糊度分辨率的预测器，而PDOP则是用来预测接收机-卫星几何结构的精确定位能力。然而，我们将表明，尽管PDOP在基于代码的定位中工作得很好，但在使用PDOP进行实时运动学(RTK)定位时必须非常小心。我们表明，ADOP和PDOP具有不同的行为，其中一个重要的结果是，一个人可以有小PDOP的时间段，因此似乎是精确定位的良好几何形状，但同时，大adopp，从而表明成功的歧义解决，因此精确定位是不可能的。此外，也可能出现相反的情况，即大的pdp和小的ADOPs。在这种情况下，大的pdp不应该自动导致定位性能差的结论，因为歧义解决带来的大增益通常仍然可以实现精确定位。我们将分析和解释PDOP和ADOP的这种互补行为，并通过分析和经验证明这一点。在此分析中，我们使用了位于澳大利亚珀斯的两条基线的真实全球定位系统(GPS)单频和多频信号以及GPS/准天顶卫星系统(QZSS)， GPS/Navigation with Indian Constellation (NAVIC) L5信号。
{"title":"The ADOP and PDOP: Two Complementary Diagnostics for GNSS Positioning","authors":"Kan Wang, P. Teunissen, A. el-Mowafy","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000313","url":null,"abstract":"Ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) and position dilution of precision (PDOP) are two popular scalar-diagnostics used in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. Where the ADOP is a predictor for carrier-phase ambiguity resolution performance, the PDOP is meant to predict the receiver-satellite geometry's capability for precise positioning. We will show, however, that although the PDOP works well for code-based positioning, one has to exercise great care in using the PDOP for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. We show that the ADOP and PDOP have distinct behaviors, an important consequence of which is that one can have time periods with small PDOPs, and thus seemingly good geometry for precise positioning, but at the same time large ADOPs, thus showing that successful ambiguity resolution and therefore precise positioning will not be possible. Also, the reverse situation may occur, i.e., having large PDOPs with small ADOPs. In such a situation, the large PDOPs should not automatically lead to the conclusion of poor position performance, because the large gain that ambiguity resolution brings will often still make precise positioning possible. We will analyze and explain this complementary behavior of the PDOP and ADOP and demonstrate this both analytically and empirically. For this analysis we use real Global Positioning System (GPS) single- and multifrequency signals and GPS/Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), GPS/Navigation with Indian Constellation (NAVIC) L5 signals of two baselines located in Perth, Australia.","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298
Adam R. Benjamin, Dennis R. O'Brien, G. Barnes, B. Wilkinson, W. Volkmann
AbstractThe number of unmanned aerial system (UAS) mapping applications that require high-accuracy data sets have grown significantly in recent years. Indirect georeferencing (IG) requires the esta...
摘要近年来，需要高精度数据集的无人机测绘应用数量显著增长。间接地理参考（IG）需要建立。。。
{"title":"Improving Data Acquisition Efficiency: Systematic Accuracy Evaluation of GNSS-Assisted Aerial Triangulation in UAS Operations","authors":"Adam R. Benjamin, Dennis R. O'Brien, G. Barnes, B. Wilkinson, W. Volkmann","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe number of unmanned aerial system (UAS) mapping applications that require high-accuracy data sets have grown significantly in recent years. Indirect georeferencing (IG) requires the esta...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296
S. Nadi, D. Shojaei, Y. Ghiasi
AbstractOne of the main concerns during digital elevation model (DEM) evaluation is the number of ground control points (GCP). Accordingly, in this paper, a new method is proposed for calculating t...
{"title":"Accuracy Assessment of DEMs in Different Topographic Complexity Based on an Optimum Number of GCP Formulation and Error Propagation Analysis","authors":"S. Nadi, D. Shojaei, Y. Ghiasi","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOne of the main concerns during digital elevation model (DEM) evaluation is the number of ground control points (GCP). Accordingly, in this paper, a new method is proposed for calculating t...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295
C. M. Rollins, T. H. Meyer
AbstractLow-distortion projections (LDPs) produce mapping grids formulated so that distances obtained by inversing grid coordinates match as best as possible the equivalent horizontal distances obs...
{"title":"Four Methods for Low-Distortion Projections","authors":"C. M. Rollins, T. H. Meyer","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractLow-distortion projections (LDPs) produce mapping grids formulated so that distances obtained by inversing grid coordinates match as best as possible the equivalent horizontal distances obs...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282
Leyang Wang, Guisen Wen, Yingwen Zhao
AbstractThis paper presents a method for solving the ill-posed problem of the partial error-in-variables (EIV) model and a precision estimation method based on a second-order derivative approximate...
{"title":"Virtual Observation Method and Precision Estimation for Ill-Posed Partial EIV Model","authors":"Leyang Wang, Guisen Wen, Yingwen Zhao","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper presents a method for solving the ill-posed problem of the partial error-in-variables (EIV) model and a precision estimation method based on a second-order derivative approximate...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290
A. Amiri-Simkooei
AbstractHard constraints can play an important role in obtaining a unique, stable, precise, and well-conditioned least-squares solution in many geomatics applications. This paper presents a unified...
{"title":"Unified Least-Squares Formulation of a Linear Model with Hard Constraints","authors":"A. Amiri-Simkooei","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHard constraints can play an important role in obtaining a unique, stable, precise, and well-conditioned least-squares solution in many geomatics applications. This paper presents a unified...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46184387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281
Yishuai Shi, Jinming Hao, Weiping Liu, Bo Jiao, Hui Zhang, Baofeng Song
AbstractIn recent years, real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP) using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is facing new developments thanks to the dissemination of BDS real-time state...
{"title":"Performance Assessment of BDS Real-Time Precise Point Positioning Based on SSR Corrections","authors":"Yishuai Shi, Jinming Hao, Weiping Liu, Bo Jiao, Hui Zhang, Baofeng Song","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn recent years, real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP) using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is facing new developments thanks to the dissemination of BDS real-time state...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58515762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278
T. H. Mohammadloo, M. Snellen, D. Simons, B. Dierikx, S. Bicknese
Methods for gridding multibeam echo sounder (MBES) measurements to equidistant grids are proposed as alternatives to the shallowest measured depth, which is affected by outliers. The approaches considered use a combination of mean and standard deviation of soundings and the regression coefficient from the best fitted plane. These methods along with mean and shallowest depths were applied to two surveyed areas. Two issues were found to be of importance, that is, a proper distribution of soundings and low uncertainties in the depth measurements. Improper sampling excludes using the method employing regression coefficients. For flat areas, the shallowest measured depth was found to be highly influenced by measurement uncertainties, counteracted when using the mean depth. However, the mean depth underestimates the shallowest depth for areas with slopes. When correcting the mean depth for standard deviation, the effect of slopes is accounted for while the influence of measurement uncertainties is decreased compared to shallowest measured depth. Since the uncertainties are dependent on beam angle, depth, and measurement equipment, these issues need to be accounted for in survey planning.
{"title":"Using Alternatives to Determine the Shallowest Depth for Bathymetric Charting: Case Study","authors":"T. H. Mohammadloo, M. Snellen, D. Simons, B. Dierikx, S. Bicknese","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for gridding multibeam echo sounder (MBES) measurements to equidistant grids are proposed as alternatives to the shallowest measured depth, which is affected by outliers. The approaches considered use a combination of mean and standard deviation of soundings and the regression coefficient from the best fitted plane. These methods along with mean and shallowest depths were applied to two surveyed areas. Two issues were found to be of importance, that is, a proper distribution of soundings and low uncertainties in the depth measurements. Improper sampling excludes using the method employing regression coefficients. For flat areas, the shallowest measured depth was found to be highly influenced by measurement uncertainties, counteracted when using the mean depth. However, the mean depth underestimates the shallowest depth for areas with slopes. When correcting the mean depth for standard deviation, the effect of slopes is accounted for while the influence of measurement uncertainties is decreased compared to shallowest measured depth. Since the uncertainties are dependent on beam angle, depth, and measurement equipment, these issues need to be accounted for in survey planning.","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293
W. Featherstone, T. Lyon, J. McCubbine
AbstractGravimetric geoid or quasigeoid models are often evaluated using Global Positioning System (GPS) and leveling, but the veracity of these control data is not always considered. Using a preci...
{"title":"Potentially Misleading GPS Leveling–Based Assessment of Gravimetric Geoid or Quasigeoid Models due to Vertical Land Motion and Different GPS Processing Software","authors":"W. Featherstone, T. Lyon, J. McCubbine","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractGravimetric geoid or quasigeoid models are often evaluated using Global Positioning System (GPS) and leveling, but the veracity of these control data is not always considered. Using a preci...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292
Ling Yang, Yufeng Nie, Yunzhong Shen
AbstractIn this study, characteristics of the outlier detection method for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) network adjustments are discussed and alternative hypothesis models are propose...
{"title":"Characteristic Analysis of 3D Outlier Detection Method for GNSS Network Adjustments","authors":"Ling Yang, Yufeng Nie, Yunzhong Shen","doi":"10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn this study, characteristics of the outlier detection method for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) network adjustments are discussed and alternative hypothesis models are propose...","PeriodicalId":54366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surveying Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：