Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association最新文献

This retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was planned to analyse histopathological variations in oral potentially malignant disorders and malignant tumours of the head and neck region. Incisional and excisional biopsies referred to the histopathology laboratory of Peshawar Medical College, Pakistan, between 2020 and 2022 were reviewed by two pathologists to confirm the diagnosis. The World Health Organisation criterion of diagnosis and classification was adopted to review and validate the histopathological features. A total of 16 oral potentially malignant disorders and 77 head and cancer biopsies were included. Among the disorders, lichen planus was common, presenting as subepithelial lymphocytic infiltration in 11(100%) cases. Among the head and neck tumours, oral squamous cell carcinoma was the foremost cancer in which cells were arranged in a nest pattern 37(84%), followed by basal cell carcinoma showing nodular type 10 (83%). The histopathological variations of the lesions identified may assist pathologists in better diagnosis.

Gorham-Stout disease is an exceptionally rare disease which is characterised by massive osteolysis of the bone, oedema, and in severe cases pleural effusion and chylothorax. Its aetiopathology is unknown, and no specific treatment has been modulated thus far. We report the case of a 17-year-old male with osteolysis in the bones of his entire left arm and persistent chylothorax. Due to the late presentation and patient's desire for a better quality of life, amputation was the only choice left for treatment. This case was evaluated and treated at the Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma department of Rehman Medical Institute in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Objectives: To compare the mean deflection angles as well as the anterior and posterior lengths of the cranial base in different sagittal skeletal patterns.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Jati Umrah, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2022 to May 2023, and comprised orthodontic patients of either gender aged 8-20 years. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the patients were traced on lead acetate tracing sheet with 0.03mm mechanical pencil. Outcome variables for the cranial base nasion-sella-articulare, nasionsella- basion, nasion-sella and sella-basion were recorded, and data was stratified for age and gender. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Results: Of the 93 patients, 60(64.5%) were females and 33(35.5%) were males. The overall mean age was 15.6±3.0 years, 38(40.9%) aged 8-14 years and 55(59.1%) aged 15-20 years. Mean values of cranial base flexion nasion-sellaarticulare, nasion-sella-basion and posterior cranial base length sella-basion were significant in different sagittal patterns (p<0.05). Gender-based differences in mean values of anterior and posterior cranial base lengths were significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Cranial base flexion decreased significantly in skeletal class III. Cranial base lengths were higher for males than females, while age had no effect on cranial base morphology.

Objective: To measure biomarkers of oxidative stress and to determine hearing sensitivity by auditory brainstem response in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Methods: The cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted in the departments of Physiology and Audiology at the Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, and the Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2020 to November 2021, and comprised healthy female subjects grouped into premenopausal group 1, perimenopausal group 2 and postmenopausal group 3 as per their menstrual history. Blood samples were taken for measuring biological indicators of oxidative damage, while auditory integrity was assessed by measuring absolute latencies of waves I, III, V and interpeak latency of waves III and V at an intensity of 80dB by performing brainstem auditory evoked potential. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.

Results: Of the 45 subjects, 15(33.3%) with mean age 41.3±1.9 years were in group 1, 15(33.3%) with mean age 46.7 ± 3.7 years were in group 2, and 15(33.3%) with mean age 55.8±2.7 years were in group 3. Significantly increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were found in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Regarding auditory brainstem response, a significant increase was observed in absolute latencies of waves I, III, V and interpeak latency between waves III and V in group 3 compared to the other groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Oxidative stress had a debilitating impact on hearing sensitivity related to the menopausal status of women.