Journal of Child Health Care最新文献

Despite known analgesic effects of breastfeeding (BF), skin-to-skin care (SSC), and sweet solutions (sucrose) for newborns, these interventions remain underutilized. Our team produced a five-minute parent-targeted video (BSweet2Babies) demonstrating BF, SSC, and sucrose during newborn blood sampling. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study with eight maternal-newborn units across Ontario, Canada to identify barriers and facilitators to implementing the video and the three pain management strategies.Over a 6-month period, data collection included 15 telephone interviews, two email communications, and three community of practice teleconferences with the participating sites (n = 8). We used the Theoretical Domains Framework as the coding matrix. Participants discussed integrating the video in prenatal education and the importance of involving leadership when planning for practice change. Key barriers included lack of comfort with parental presence, perception of high complexity of the strategies, short postpartum stays, competing priorities, and interprofessional challenges. Key facilitators included alignment with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, modeling by Lactation Consultants, and frequent reminders.

Adolescents' mental health may be influenced either negatively or positively through loss of a parent, especially bereavement due to a traumatic death. This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to investigate Afghan adolescents' post-traumatic growth after traumatic loss of father. The participants were 14 female and male Afghan adolescents who met the inclusion criteria. Post-traumatic growth was substantiated by virtue of post-traumatic growth questionnaire. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview, and Colaizzi analysis method was used for data analysis. Two main themes were extracted: (a) moving forward with hope and (b) factors associated with enhancement of hope. Findings showed that Afghan traumatized adolescents achieved post-traumatic growth over time. The most important factors in enhancement of hopefulness were social support, psychological, and cognitive factors, as well as spiritual well-being. Our findings suggested that both schools and non-governmental organization in Afghanistan may be benefitted from more accessible opportunities to enhance post-traumatic growth for bereaved adolescents.

Adequate early childhood development is critical for later-life success. Developmental profiles of specific populations are required to support implementation of early intervention services. Three hundred fifty-three caregivers of children with mean age 17.9 months (SD = 10.5) were selected from a primary healthcare clinic. Overall positive identification of signs of a developmental delay, with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III, was 51.8% (n = 183). Logistic regression analysis determined the effect of age and gender on results. Prevalence of developmental delay increased with age from 33.1% for children under 12 months to 61.7% and 66.3% for children between 13-24 months and 25-36 months, respectively. Females were 1.82 times (95% CI [1.16, 2.85]) more likely to have had no signs of developmental delay; 2.30 times (95% CI [1.14, 4.65]) in motor and 2.06 times (95% CI [1.23, 3.45]) in adaptive behaviour domains. One-third of children presented with low levels of adaptive behaviour functioning. One hundred and one (28.6%) participants across age groups displayed superior social-emotional ability, possibly due to familial structures and relationships. One-third of children presented with poor adaptive behaviour function, attributed to cultural differences. This study contributes to information on developmental characteristics of children in South Africa.

Children and young people have much to contribute to the design and delivery of health research and care. Nevertheless, there are multiple barriers to meaningful and impactful involvement of children and young people. This narrative review synthesised existing literature on the involvement of children and young people as partners in health research. Authors screened electronic databases and reference lists to identify relevant studies. Data were extracted on how involvement was described, what young people contributed to, and the impact of their involvement. The review identified 15 reports; these reported researcher observations and findings from focus group discussions and questionnaires about the involvement. Impacts recorded in these studies included influence on research; outputs from involvement activities; shifts in researchers' attitudes; a sense of achievement in young people; and fulfilling relationships. These impacts were associated with principles being followed: building relationships over time to allow for unexpected involvement in the research, flexibility so young people could contribute in ways that work for them, and training. Methods adapted to be youth-appropriate such as visual aids and icebreaker games also enabled impact. Impactful involvement relies on processes that respond to young people's preferences for engagement and activities that support them to share their views.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the second most common chronic or long-term condition (LTC) affecting young people (YP); when transitioning from paediatric to adult healthcare, young people with LTCs such as T1DM are expected to self-manage medication, diet and clinical appointments. This scoping review aimed to analyse research examining ways digital health technologies were used to support YP with LTCs during transition from paediatric to adult healthcare and to establish YP's needs, experiences and challenges when transitioning. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps and inform development of a novel chatbot with components such as avatars and linked videos to help YP with T1DM gain self-management confidence and competence during transition. Nineteen studies identified through searching five electronic databases were included in this review. A combination of digital health technologies was used to support transition of YP with LTCs to adult healthcare. Barriers to successful transition were reported and YP described the importance of social relationships and transition readiness and expressed the need for individualised interventions that acknowledge social factors such as work and college. No supportive chatbots with components to help YP with T1DM were identified. This contribution will inform future development and evaluation of such a chatbot.

Children and adolescents are a population at particular risk of experiencing adverse mental health repercussions related to pandemics. To understand vulnerability factors and repercussions of pandemics and related sanitary measures on children and adolescents' mental health, we performed a scoping review to examine and synthesize literature. In total, 66 articles were included. Results present: (1) factors that increase vulnerability to adverse mental health repercussions (e.g., having a pre-existing mental health condition, social isolation, low socio-economic status, parental distress, and overexposure to media content) and (2) specific mental health repercussions (e.g., anxiety, fear, depression, and externalizing behaviors). Addressing concerns underlined in this review could contribute to preventing further negative mental health repercussions of pandemics for children and adolescents and better prepare governments and professionals to address these highly challenging situations. Recommendations for practice include enhancing healthcare professionals' awareness about possible detrimental repercussions pandemics and sanitary measures have on children and adolescents' mental health, assessing changes for those with pre-existing mental health conditions, allocating funding for telehealth research, and providing greater support to healthcare providers.

Food allergy prevalence is increasing among children; however, it is not clear how children's food allergy status impacts family mealtimes. This study's purpose was to systematically synthesize research regarding the relationship between children's food allergies, parental meal-centered stress, and family mealtime dynamics. Data sources for this study include peer-reviewed, English language sources from CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Five keyword categories (child, food allergies, meal preparation, stress, and family) were utilized to identify sources regarding how food allergies of children (from birth-12 years) relate to family mealtime dynamics or parental meal-centered stress. All 13 identified studies determined that pediatric food allergies relate to either increased parental stress, meal preparation issues, mealtime problems, or changes to family meals. Studies also indicate that meal preparation takes longer, requires more vigilance, and is more stressful due to children's food allergies. Limitations include that most studies were cross-sectional and based on maternal self-report. Children's food allergies are associated with parental meal-centered stress and mealtime issues. However, there is a need for research to account for specific changes to family mealtime dynamics and parent feeding behaviors so that pediatric health care professionals can alleviate parental meal-centered stress and provide guidance towards optimal feeding behaviors.

Under-five mortality (U5M) remains a global challenge, with Sub-Saharan Africa being the hardest hit. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has strained healthcare systems, threatening to reverse current gains in U5M health outcomes. It threatened progress made towards achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 due to its strain on healthcare systems, resource reassignment and its prioritisation by health authorities globally. Low-resource settings inherently face unique challenges in fighting U5M and providing quality healthcare to under-fives, like understaffing, drug shortages, underfunding, skills gaps and lack of specialised healthcare equipment, contributing to high U5M rates. This study explored public health facilities' challenges in reducing U5M in a low-resource setting in Zimbabwe and public health workers' perceptions of emerging technologies' role in addressing those challenges. Twenty public health workers participated in interviews and a focus group. They perceived emerging technologies (ETs) as a panacea to the challenges by supporting data-driven healthcare, improving follow-up outcomes through automated reminders of medication and clinic visits, aiding diagnosis, continuous monitoring, health education, drug supply monitoring, critical supplies delivery and skills development. In this paper, emerging technology is any information and communication technology that has not been utilised to its full potential in Zimbabwe's public health domain. Findings indicate that public health workers in Makonde would welcome ETs to improve under-five health and well-being.

Client autonomy is important in Dutch youth care. It correlates positively with mental and physical health and can be strengthened by professional autonomy-supportive behaviour. Aiming for client autonomy, three youth care organisations co-developed a client-accessible youth health record (EPR-Youth). Currently, limited research is available on how client-accessible records contribute to adolescent autonomy. We investigated whether EPR-Youth strengthened client autonomy and whether professional autonomy-supportive behaviour reinforced this effect. A mixed methods design combined baseline and follow-up questionnaires with focus group interviews. Different client groups completed questionnaires about autonomy at baseline (n = 1404) and after 12 months (n = 1003). Professionals completed questionnaires about autonomy-supportive behaviour at baseline (n = 100, 82%), after 5 months (n = 57, 57%) and after 24 months (n = 110, 89%). After 14 months, focus group interviews were conducted with clients (n = 12) and professionals (n = 12). Findings show that clients using EPR-Youth experienced more autonomy than non-users. this effect was stronger among adolescents aged 16 and older than among younger adolescents. Professional autonomy-supporting behaviour did not change over time. However, clients reported that professional autonomy-supporting behaviour contributed to client autonomy, emphasising that professional attitude needs addressing during implementation of client-accessible records. Follow-up research with paired data needs to strengthen the association between using client-accessible records and autonomy.

We aimed to identify factors affecting pediatric nurses' perceptions of their development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children based on Lazarus and Folkman's stress-coping adaptation model. This cross-sectional study included 209 pediatric nurses with over 1 year of clinical experience in South Korea. Data were collected using online-based self-report questionnaires containing items on nurses' perceived partnerships with parents, job stress, positive psychological capital, nursing professionalism, and a coping scale. Positive psychological capital, job stress, coping, hospital type, and unit type were significant factors in a hierarchical regression analysis using perceived partnership as a dependent variable. This study supports an efficient intervention program to improve pediatric nurses' partnership competency. Strategies to reduce pediatric nurses' job stress and improve their coping abilities and positive psychological capital will enhance their partnerships with parents of hospitalized children.