Araceli J. Rodríguez-Casanova, Iriana Zuria, Dante A. Hernández-Silva
Abstract. Firework festivities have been present in the culture and traditions of many human populations around the world, however their effects on bird populations in natural habitats are not well understood. Changes in bird species richness and abundance related to two firework festivities at the lagoon of Zumpango, Mexico, were evaluated in March and April of 2019. Six point counts were established at the edge of the lagoon to record bird species richness and abundance before, during, and after the events. Additionally, noise levels were measured at each point-count. In total, 80 bird species were observed, including 49 aquatic species. The most abundant were Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor). The values of species richness and abundance significantly decreased the days when the events took place, while noise levels increased. Furthermore, basal noise levels (mean = 54.80 dB) are considered high for this natural protected area. Results show that high impact human festivities have negative consequences for birds, and these activities should be limited or restricted in regional, national, and globally important bird conservation areas such as the lagoon of Zumpango.
{"title":"Effect of Firework Festivities on Bird Richness and Abundance at a Natural Protected Wetland in Central Mexico","authors":"Araceli J. Rodríguez-Casanova, Iriana Zuria, Dante A. Hernández-Silva","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0307","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Firework festivities have been present in the culture and traditions of many human populations around the world, however their effects on bird populations in natural habitats are not well understood. Changes in bird species richness and abundance related to two firework festivities at the lagoon of Zumpango, Mexico, were evaluated in March and April of 2019. Six point counts were established at the edge of the lagoon to record bird species richness and abundance before, during, and after the events. Additionally, noise levels were measured at each point-count. In total, 80 bird species were observed, including 49 aquatic species. The most abundant were Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) and Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor). The values of species richness and abundance significantly decreased the days when the events took place, while noise levels increased. Furthermore, basal noise levels (mean = 54.80 dB) are considered high for this natural protected area. Results show that high impact human festivities have negative consequences for birds, and these activities should be limited or restricted in regional, national, and globally important bird conservation areas such as the lagoon of Zumpango.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"4 1","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89696552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel Darvill, Ashleigh M. Westphal, S. Flemming, M. Drever
Abstract. The Columbia Wetlands are one of the largest contiguous wetland complexes in western North America. Current population estimates are necessary for designation of priority conservation areas and for reliable assessment of population status for species of conservation concern. This multi-year study (2016–2019) was designed to estimate abundances of focal and secondary marsh birds using standardized call-broadcast protocols and distance sampling methods. Abundances of focal species varied by year, and mean population estimates indicated the most abundant secretive marsh birds were Sora (Porzana carolina; 4605 birds), followed by American Coot (Fulica americana; 2358 birds), Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola; 2124 birds), and Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps; 1657 birds). Most abundant secondary species were Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris; 6328 birds), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus; 5422 birds), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; 884 birds), and Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata; 445 birds). Habitat covariates for detection functions varied by species, tended to include woody vegetation, tall vegetation, and open water; supporting previous studies proposing that a ‘hemi-marsh’ state is an important habitat condition for many marsh bird species. The Columbia Wetlands provide important wetland habitat and these estimates underscore the need for effective management for the conservation of British Columbia’s avifauna.
{"title":"Abundance Estimates for Marsh Bird Species in the Columbia Wetlands, British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Rachel Darvill, Ashleigh M. Westphal, S. Flemming, M. Drever","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Columbia Wetlands are one of the largest contiguous wetland complexes in western North America. Current population estimates are necessary for designation of priority conservation areas and for reliable assessment of population status for species of conservation concern. This multi-year study (2016–2019) was designed to estimate abundances of focal and secondary marsh birds using standardized call-broadcast protocols and distance sampling methods. Abundances of focal species varied by year, and mean population estimates indicated the most abundant secretive marsh birds were Sora (Porzana carolina; 4605 birds), followed by American Coot (Fulica americana; 2358 birds), Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola; 2124 birds), and Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps; 1657 birds). Most abundant secondary species were Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris; 6328 birds), Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus; 5422 birds), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus; 884 birds), and Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata; 445 birds). Habitat covariates for detection functions varied by species, tended to include woody vegetation, tall vegetation, and open water; supporting previous studies proposing that a ‘hemi-marsh’ state is an important habitat condition for many marsh bird species. The Columbia Wetlands provide important wetland habitat and these estimates underscore the need for effective management for the conservation of British Columbia’s avifauna.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"9 8 1","pages":"266 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80536315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Eggshell pigments are costly to produce. The sexual signaling hypothesis predicts that the degree of pigmentation in eggshells is positively related to maternal quality. Thus, females in better condition are expected to lay brighter or more maculated eggs. To test this, we quantified the extent of maculation in eggshells of King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus chloropus) and related this to female body condition. We identified key variables for body condition using principal components analysis of morphometric measures. To evaluate which combination of variables provided the best index of body condition in each species, a series of linear models were ranked using AICc. To estimate the area of surface pigment on each egg, color egg images were converted to binary and we calculated the percent of black pixels within a scaled oval superimposed over the images. We ran linear regressions of mean percent pigmentation on maternal body condition. Neither female King Rails nor Common Moorhens in better body condition laid more maculated eggs. Thus, the sexual signaling hypothesis was not supported. Common Moorhen eggs were slightly larger, on average, and their eggshells had more pigment per unit area and per egg than King Rail eggs.
{"title":"Eggshell Maculation is Not a Signal of Maternal Condition in Two Species of Rail","authors":"Emily W. Johnson, S. B. McRae","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Eggshell pigments are costly to produce. The sexual signaling hypothesis predicts that the degree of pigmentation in eggshells is positively related to maternal quality. Thus, females in better condition are expected to lay brighter or more maculated eggs. To test this, we quantified the extent of maculation in eggshells of King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Common Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus chloropus) and related this to female body condition. We identified key variables for body condition using principal components analysis of morphometric measures. To evaluate which combination of variables provided the best index of body condition in each species, a series of linear models were ranked using AICc. To estimate the area of surface pigment on each egg, color egg images were converted to binary and we calculated the percent of black pixels within a scaled oval superimposed over the images. We ran linear regressions of mean percent pigmentation on maternal body condition. Neither female King Rails nor Common Moorhens in better body condition laid more maculated eggs. Thus, the sexual signaling hypothesis was not supported. Common Moorhen eggs were slightly larger, on average, and their eggshells had more pigment per unit area and per egg than King Rail eggs.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"556 ","pages":"237 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72549185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aguilar, L. Mugica, Karen Aguilar, M. Acosta, L. Manica
Abstract. Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Bioclimatic models are widely used tools for assessing potential responses of species to climate change. We predicted current and future distributions of American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber; Family Phoenicopteridae), a resident species in Cuba, using ecological niche models in combination with climate data in Maxent software. We predicted four potential future distributions in Cuba under two emissions scenarios in both 2050 and 2070, combining three Global Circulation Models. Bioclimatic variables that contributed the most to modelled distributions of American Flamingo were mean diurnal temperature range [mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)], temperature seasonality, and precipitation of wettest quarter. Our results predict that the current distribution of American Flamingo will be reduced by 38% in a changing future climate under the most pessimistic scenario of 2070. The potential suitable habitat of American Flamingo under this same scenario would be 51% excluded from the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba. Species distribution modeling can inform the current and future management of the American Flamingo throughout Cuba, and our findings suggest a strong conservation strategy is needed to conserve American Flamingo populations under a changing climate.
{"title":"Potential Effects of Climate Change on the Distribution of American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) in Cuba","authors":"S. Aguilar, L. Mugica, Karen Aguilar, M. Acosta, L. Manica","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wetland-dependent birds are considered to be at particularly high risk for negative climate change effects. Bioclimatic models are widely used tools for assessing potential responses of species to climate change. We predicted current and future distributions of American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber; Family Phoenicopteridae), a resident species in Cuba, using ecological niche models in combination with climate data in Maxent software. We predicted four potential future distributions in Cuba under two emissions scenarios in both 2050 and 2070, combining three Global Circulation Models. Bioclimatic variables that contributed the most to modelled distributions of American Flamingo were mean diurnal temperature range [mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)], temperature seasonality, and precipitation of wettest quarter. Our results predict that the current distribution of American Flamingo will be reduced by 38% in a changing future climate under the most pessimistic scenario of 2070. The potential suitable habitat of American Flamingo under this same scenario would be 51% excluded from the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba. Species distribution modeling can inform the current and future management of the American Flamingo throughout Cuba, and our findings suggest a strong conservation strategy is needed to conserve American Flamingo populations under a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"1 1","pages":"287 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76295022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Changing agricultural practices and wetland loss have resulted in the decline in abundance of King Rail (Rallus elegans) populations throughout the southeastern United States, including within the historical breeding range of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region in eastern Arkansas. Despite a recent increase in coordinated efforts to improve monitoring program for secretive marsh birds and to track trends in population status of the King Rail, successful observations of reproduction by the species are rare throughout much of the historical breeding range. During a field visit and birding trip on 15 June 2018, we obtained photographic documentation of adult and juvenile King Rails in an emergent marsh impoundment on the Freddie Black Choctaw Island Wildlife Management Area Deer Research West Unit in Desha County, Arkansas (eBird Checklist S46788433). This emergent marsh wetland is a product of intensive wetland restoration through the Wetland Reserve Program. This is the first documented observation of King Rail reproduction in Arkansas since 2006. This observation provides a tribute to the Wetland Reserve Program and demonstrates the impacts wetland restoration can have on species of greatest conservation concern. Lastly, the observation is a tribute to the active management program of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission aimed to maintain important emergent marsh wetland habitat conditions for migratory waterbirds during the breeding season.
{"title":"First Documentation of King Rail (Rallus elegans) Reproduction in Arkansas Since 2006","authors":"Gabrielle M. Hargrove, D. Osborne","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Changing agricultural practices and wetland loss have resulted in the decline in abundance of King Rail (Rallus elegans) populations throughout the southeastern United States, including within the historical breeding range of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region in eastern Arkansas. Despite a recent increase in coordinated efforts to improve monitoring program for secretive marsh birds and to track trends in population status of the King Rail, successful observations of reproduction by the species are rare throughout much of the historical breeding range. During a field visit and birding trip on 15 June 2018, we obtained photographic documentation of adult and juvenile King Rails in an emergent marsh impoundment on the Freddie Black Choctaw Island Wildlife Management Area Deer Research West Unit in Desha County, Arkansas (eBird Checklist S46788433). This emergent marsh wetland is a product of intensive wetland restoration through the Wetland Reserve Program. This is the first documented observation of King Rail reproduction in Arkansas since 2006. This observation provides a tribute to the Wetland Reserve Program and demonstrates the impacts wetland restoration can have on species of greatest conservation concern. Lastly, the observation is a tribute to the active management program of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission aimed to maintain important emergent marsh wetland habitat conditions for migratory waterbirds during the breeding season.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"139 1","pages":"350 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82620804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) were captured on breeding streams in Alberta, Canada from 1995–2018. Measurements for exposed culmen, tarsus bone, and wing length, and mass, were significantly larger for adult males than those for adult females, while only tarsus was significantly larger for male ducklings than for females. The repeatability of tarsus and culmen measurements across time for the same individuals was significantly different from 0, indicating high consistency. We used logistic regression of culmen and tarsus length of adult ducks to identify the best model to predict the sex of adults, then constructed a classification and regression tree to predict the sex of a test set of juveniles that had been banded and sexed as ducklings but that were sexed by plumage when resighted as adults. The model with the highest accuracy (96.9%) and lowest number of individuals in the zone of uncertainty (thus sexed as unknown) was tarsus < 37.5 mm (classify as females) or ≥ 38.0 mm (classify as males). Individuals in the zone of uncertainty with a penis sheath should be sexed as male, but individuals without a penis sheath that do not match the appropriate tarsus length should be sexed as unknown.
{"title":"Sex Determination of Juvenile Harlequin Ducks Histrionicus histrionicus Using Morphometric Data","authors":"Cyndi M. Smith, W. Hansen, Lisa J. Bate","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) were captured on breeding streams in Alberta, Canada from 1995–2018. Measurements for exposed culmen, tarsus bone, and wing length, and mass, were significantly larger for adult males than those for adult females, while only tarsus was significantly larger for male ducklings than for females. The repeatability of tarsus and culmen measurements across time for the same individuals was significantly different from 0, indicating high consistency. We used logistic regression of culmen and tarsus length of adult ducks to identify the best model to predict the sex of adults, then constructed a classification and regression tree to predict the sex of a test set of juveniles that had been banded and sexed as ducklings but that were sexed by plumage when resighted as adults. The model with the highest accuracy (96.9%) and lowest number of individuals in the zone of uncertainty (thus sexed as unknown) was tarsus < 37.5 mm (classify as females) or ≥ 38.0 mm (classify as males). Individuals in the zone of uncertainty with a penis sheath should be sexed as male, but individuals without a penis sheath that do not match the appropriate tarsus length should be sexed as unknown.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"43 1","pages":"259 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85184227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dione Méndez, D. Moran, Lucia Ortiz, C. Cordón-Rosales
Abstract. Information on Influenza A virus (IAV) prevalence in shorebird populations in Guatemala is scarce, and no live captures of shorebirds have been made for this purpose. The only reported case of Influenza A in shorebirds in Guatemala corresponded to a harvested individual. To update and obtain information of IAV in shorebirds, a transversal study was made on the South Coast of Guatemala. The main objective of this study was to evaluate presence of Influenza A among migratory shorebirds in stopover areas in the country. Captures and sampling took place in three sites during migration (October–April) over three migratory periods (2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019). In total, 127 shorebirds belonging to 14 species of genera Calidris, Charadrius, Tringa, and Actitis were captured using mist nets. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from each bird using a cotton swab, then tested with RT-PCR techniques targeting Influenza A. Blood samples were taken from the jugular or basilic vein to obtain serum that later was tested using a commercial ELISA Kit for detection of antibodies against Influenza A. Birds were released after sampling. All samples were PCR negative (0/127).One sandpiper specimen (Calidris minutilla) tested sero-positive to Influenza A through the ELISA test (1/122). These results suggest that IAV infection in this region may be minimal, as other studies have reported; nevertheless, it is important to consider that sample size was small in this study, and that the species included may not be the best indicators.
{"title":"Influenza a in Shorebirds in the Tropical Landscape of Guatemala","authors":"Dione Méndez, D. Moran, Lucia Ortiz, C. Cordón-Rosales","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Information on Influenza A virus (IAV) prevalence in shorebird populations in Guatemala is scarce, and no live captures of shorebirds have been made for this purpose. The only reported case of Influenza A in shorebirds in Guatemala corresponded to a harvested individual. To update and obtain information of IAV in shorebirds, a transversal study was made on the South Coast of Guatemala. The main objective of this study was to evaluate presence of Influenza A among migratory shorebirds in stopover areas in the country. Captures and sampling took place in three sites during migration (October–April) over three migratory periods (2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019). In total, 127 shorebirds belonging to 14 species of genera Calidris, Charadrius, Tringa, and Actitis were captured using mist nets. Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from each bird using a cotton swab, then tested with RT-PCR techniques targeting Influenza A. Blood samples were taken from the jugular or basilic vein to obtain serum that later was tested using a commercial ELISA Kit for detection of antibodies against Influenza A. Birds were released after sampling. All samples were PCR negative (0/127).One sandpiper specimen (Calidris minutilla) tested sero-positive to Influenza A through the ELISA test (1/122). These results suggest that IAV infection in this region may be minimal, as other studies have reported; nevertheless, it is important to consider that sample size was small in this study, and that the species included may not be the best indicators.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"83 1","pages":"361 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78958385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Sandwich (Thalasseus sandvicensis), Common (Sterna hirundo), and Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) made overland flights from a breeding site in Brittany (northwest France) to forage in a semi-enclosed basin (Rade de Brest) ∼30 km away in 1976 and 1978. The foraging area was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and high levels of PCBs were detected in several tern eggs. Levels of PCBs in tern eggs were sufficiently high to have caused adverse effects on reproduction. PCBs should be considered as potential contributory causes of declines in tern populations in the 1960s–1970s, in addition to other known causes including predation and trapping in the winter quarters.
摘要1976年和1978年，三明治燕鸥(Thalasseus sandvicensis)、普通燕鸥(Sterna hirundo)和玫瑰燕鸥(S. dougallii)从布列塔尼(法国西北部)的一个繁殖地经陆地飞行到约30公里外的半封闭盆地(Rade de Brest)觅食。采食区多氯联苯污染严重，多颗燕鸥卵中多氯联苯含量较高。燕鸥卵中的多氯联苯含量高到足以对繁殖造成不利影响。多氯联苯应被认为是20世纪60年代至70年代燕鸥种群数量下降的潜在原因，此外还有其他已知原因，包括冬季栖息地的捕食和诱捕。
{"title":"Overland Flights of Terns and Consequent High Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Northwest France in the 1970S","authors":"I. Nisbet, David Cabot, Karl Partridge","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0312","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sandwich (Thalasseus sandvicensis), Common (Sterna hirundo), and Roseate Terns (S. dougallii) made overland flights from a breeding site in Brittany (northwest France) to forage in a semi-enclosed basin (Rade de Brest) ∼30 km away in 1976 and 1978. The foraging area was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and high levels of PCBs were detected in several tern eggs. Levels of PCBs in tern eggs were sufficiently high to have caused adverse effects on reproduction. PCBs should be considered as potential contributory causes of declines in tern populations in the 1960s–1970s, in addition to other known causes including predation and trapping in the winter quarters.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"9 1","pages":"345 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The use of a netgun combined with other techniques facilitated the live capture of the Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis occupying a shallow water harbor, with boat traffic, and abundant underwater structure. Transportability and adaptability rendered the netgun an effective tool, in this constrained environment. Haul-out structures such as nests were absent and grebes remained either swimming or floating, throughout their duration. Therefore, in-water access was imperative. Upon capture, grebes were then kept in captivity, to conduct in-laboratory investigations. An undertaking such as this has not been reported before. No grebes were injured during this procedure and capture rate was considered good.
{"title":"Netgun Capture Technique for the Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis","authors":"David Dorado","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The use of a netgun combined with other techniques facilitated the live capture of the Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis occupying a shallow water harbor, with boat traffic, and abundant underwater structure. Transportability and adaptability rendered the netgun an effective tool, in this constrained environment. Haul-out structures such as nests were absent and grebes remained either swimming or floating, throughout their duration. Therefore, in-water access was imperative. Upon capture, grebes were then kept in captivity, to conduct in-laboratory investigations. An undertaking such as this has not been reported before. No grebes were injured during this procedure and capture rate was considered good.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"2 1","pages":"366 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87850387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: On Authorships, Ethics, and Inclusion","authors":"K. G. Sundar","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"12 1","pages":"i - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81188846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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