Daniel L Goldberg, Ashley M. Tauber, M. Ward, A. Capparella
Abstract. Many birds migrate at night, but little is known about whether they base nocturnal settlement decisions on visual or acoustic cues. Studies of conspecific attraction have found that songbirds and seabirds are attracted by day to call playback or decoy models, and birds will also settle preferentially in certain environments based on the presence of vegetation or water bodies. Remotely activated broadcasts and Autonomous Recording Units were applied to study whether Soras (Porzana carolina), common nocturnally migrating rails in central Illinois, could be enticed to settle in farm field habitats. At three study areas (farms) we used cues to attempt to attract Soras, with our experimental design consisting of Sora vocalizations, small ponds (Sora habitat), both cues, and no cues. Neither conspecific playback, visual pond cues, nor their combination significantly influenced Sora settlement. However, there were significant differences between farms in Sora calls recorded. One study area, Franklin Farm, had the most Sora detections during the study period, consistent with its high-quality habitat status as a Nature Conservancy restored wetland. As nocturnal calls were detected at every farm sampled, these results may assist wetland managers in promoting Sora settlement in critical breeding habitats in Illinois and beyond.
{"title":"Soras over Illinois: Nocturnal Settlement Patterns in Porzana carolina are Site-Specific But Show No Evidence of Visual or Acoustic Cues","authors":"Daniel L Goldberg, Ashley M. Tauber, M. Ward, A. Capparella","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Many birds migrate at night, but little is known about whether they base nocturnal settlement decisions on visual or acoustic cues. Studies of conspecific attraction have found that songbirds and seabirds are attracted by day to call playback or decoy models, and birds will also settle preferentially in certain environments based on the presence of vegetation or water bodies. Remotely activated broadcasts and Autonomous Recording Units were applied to study whether Soras (Porzana carolina), common nocturnally migrating rails in central Illinois, could be enticed to settle in farm field habitats. At three study areas (farms) we used cues to attempt to attract Soras, with our experimental design consisting of Sora vocalizations, small ponds (Sora habitat), both cues, and no cues. Neither conspecific playback, visual pond cues, nor their combination significantly influenced Sora settlement. However, there were significant differences between farms in Sora calls recorded. One study area, Franklin Farm, had the most Sora detections during the study period, consistent with its high-quality habitat status as a Nature Conservancy restored wetland. As nocturnal calls were detected at every farm sampled, these results may assist wetland managers in promoting Sora settlement in critical breeding habitats in Illinois and beyond.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"27 1","pages":"82 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83166139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alieny González, A. Rodríguez-Ochoa, L. Mugica, M. Acosta
Abstract. Mixed-species foraging aggregations of waterbirds result from foraging and anti-predator behaviors, and understanding the dynamics of these aggregations is useful in planning the conservation of waterbirds species and understanding their ecological functions within the ecosystem. This paper describes the dynamics in composition and structure of mixed-species foraging aggregations during the wet and dry seasons in the lagoon system of Las Salinas, Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba. We surveyed these aggregations monthly from 2009 to 2017. Aggregation structure was analysed through relative abundance per guild, percentage of presence, and participation weight and participation rate. Forty-two mixed-species foraging aggregations of waterbirds were observed throughout the study, with greater species richness (n = 12 species, confidence interval: 10–13) and number of individuals (n = 800 individuals, confidence interval: 565–1,055) in the wet season. During the dry season, the most prominent species in aggregation formation were Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula), American White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) and Roseate Spoonbills (Platalea ajaja), which have been identified as nuclear species in other studies. In the wet season, American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) appeared to be the nuclear species within aggregations, something that had not previously been described in mixed-species aggregations of waterbirds. Confirming these nuclear species at Las Salinas is an important next step, given that conservation efforts focused on nuclear species might benefit the maintenance and function of the entire assembly.
{"title":"Composition and Structure of Mixed-Species Foraging Aggregations of Waterbirds in Las Salinas, Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba","authors":"Alieny González, A. Rodríguez-Ochoa, L. Mugica, M. Acosta","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mixed-species foraging aggregations of waterbirds result from foraging and anti-predator behaviors, and understanding the dynamics of these aggregations is useful in planning the conservation of waterbirds species and understanding their ecological functions within the ecosystem. This paper describes the dynamics in composition and structure of mixed-species foraging aggregations during the wet and dry seasons in the lagoon system of Las Salinas, Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba. We surveyed these aggregations monthly from 2009 to 2017. Aggregation structure was analysed through relative abundance per guild, percentage of presence, and participation weight and participation rate. Forty-two mixed-species foraging aggregations of waterbirds were observed throughout the study, with greater species richness (n = 12 species, confidence interval: 10–13) and number of individuals (n = 800 individuals, confidence interval: 565–1,055) in the wet season. During the dry season, the most prominent species in aggregation formation were Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula), American White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) and Roseate Spoonbills (Platalea ajaja), which have been identified as nuclear species in other studies. In the wet season, American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) appeared to be the nuclear species within aggregations, something that had not previously been described in mixed-species aggregations of waterbirds. Confirming these nuclear species at Las Salinas is an important next step, given that conservation efforts focused on nuclear species might benefit the maintenance and function of the entire assembly.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"7 1","pages":"29 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89427820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Marcot, D. Gawlik, A. Yanosky, John Anderson, Ankita Gupta, K. Sundar
Natural history is the study of organisms in their environments, and has an historic role as the foundation for ecological and biological sciences (e.g., Jerdon 1874). The centrality of natural history was emphasized by Elton (1927) who defined ecology as “scientific natural history.” As an accounting of the “history” of nature, natural history studies entail personal involvement; indeed, even the etymology of “history” suggests seeing, knowing, and accounting of one’s inquiries and knowledge (www.etymonline.com). In this paper, we trace the use and the scientific and social values of natural history studies, provide cautions on overreliance on technologies at the cost of personal experience of nature, suggest the potential role of natural history studies to address issues of social inequities, and conclude with support for natural history studies particularly of waterbirds to significantly contribute to community involvement and advance scientific inquiry. Natural history observations provide insight into natural phenomena and processes not necessarily requiring deep methodological scopes, intricate quantitative measurement, and statistical analysis, but still consisting of more than just a mere collection of incidental or anecdotal observations. Natural history studies require scientific rigor and must lend to repeatability, as replication is a hallmark of science, and to validation by the scientific community, and can further serve as a basis for generating hypotheses for more rigorous testing. Working at its best, natural history observation can open the door to new perspectives and relationships previously unreported and unsuspected (Ricklefs 2012).
{"title":"The Value and Necessity of Natural History Studies of Waterbirds","authors":"B. Marcot, D. Gawlik, A. Yanosky, John Anderson, Ankita Gupta, K. Sundar","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Natural history is the study of organisms in their environments, and has an historic role as the foundation for ecological and biological sciences (e.g., Jerdon 1874). The centrality of natural history was emphasized by Elton (1927) who defined ecology as “scientific natural history.” As an accounting of the “history” of nature, natural history studies entail personal involvement; indeed, even the etymology of “history” suggests seeing, knowing, and accounting of one’s inquiries and knowledge (www.etymonline.com). In this paper, we trace the use and the scientific and social values of natural history studies, provide cautions on overreliance on technologies at the cost of personal experience of nature, suggest the potential role of natural history studies to address issues of social inequities, and conclude with support for natural history studies particularly of waterbirds to significantly contribute to community involvement and advance scientific inquiry. Natural history observations provide insight into natural phenomena and processes not necessarily requiring deep methodological scopes, intricate quantitative measurement, and statistical analysis, but still consisting of more than just a mere collection of incidental or anecdotal observations. Natural history studies require scientific rigor and must lend to repeatability, as replication is a hallmark of science, and to validation by the scientific community, and can further serve as a basis for generating hypotheses for more rigorous testing. Working at its best, natural history observation can open the door to new perspectives and relationships previously unreported and unsuspected (Ricklefs 2012).","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"9 1","pages":"iv - ix"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89432270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Wainright, L. Vlietstra, Hannah R. Uher-Koch, J. Paruk
Abstract. Common Loons (Gavia immer) wintering in watercourses of Barataria Bay, in coastal Louisiana were sampled in 2011–2014 following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. Blood samples were analyzed for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur as proxies for habitat use and diet in order to expand our understanding of the trophic position of wintering loons. The δ 13C and δ 34S values indicated that these Common Loons feed in coastal estuarine habitats. Trophic position was estimated indirectly by comparing loon stable isotope ratios with those of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), a known piscivore, sampled concurrently in 2014. The isotopic signatures of the two species were not significantly different; this is consistent with the hypothesis that both species foraged primarily in coastal estuarine habitats and mainly as piscivores. No significant differences were found between subadult and adult Common Loons with respect to isotopic signatures, suggesting similar habitat usage and diet. Adults weighed more and were in better body condition than subadults. Stable isotope composition and body condition were not significantly related. Using a parallel data set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, an indicator or oil contamination) in the blood of the same loons, there was no significant relationship between PAH contamination and stable isotopic composition. Therefore, PAH-contamination could not be linked to a distinctive foraging habitat or diet.
{"title":"Trophic Position of Wintering Common Loons (Gavia immer ) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill","authors":"S. Wainright, L. Vlietstra, Hannah R. Uher-Koch, J. Paruk","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Common Loons (Gavia immer) wintering in watercourses of Barataria Bay, in coastal Louisiana were sampled in 2011–2014 following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. Blood samples were analyzed for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur as proxies for habitat use and diet in order to expand our understanding of the trophic position of wintering loons. The δ 13C and δ 34S values indicated that these Common Loons feed in coastal estuarine habitats. Trophic position was estimated indirectly by comparing loon stable isotope ratios with those of Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), a known piscivore, sampled concurrently in 2014. The isotopic signatures of the two species were not significantly different; this is consistent with the hypothesis that both species foraged primarily in coastal estuarine habitats and mainly as piscivores. No significant differences were found between subadult and adult Common Loons with respect to isotopic signatures, suggesting similar habitat usage and diet. Adults weighed more and were in better body condition than subadults. Stable isotope composition and body condition were not significantly related. Using a parallel data set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, an indicator or oil contamination) in the blood of the same loons, there was no significant relationship between PAH contamination and stable isotopic composition. Therefore, PAH-contamination could not be linked to a distinctive foraging habitat or diet.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"8 1","pages":"17 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82287458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Coastal marshes of Lake St. Clair, in southwest Ontario, CAN and Lake Erie, in northwest Ohio, USA are important migratory staging locations for waterfowl despite experiencing substantial wetland losses. Waterfowl habitat management at these locations focuses on providing food resources for Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), a highly sought game species. We examined direct recovery rates of Mallards banded prior to the 2014, 2015, and 2016 hunting seasons as a measure of harvest mortality. We compared harvest mortality between the two locations, among years, among four sex and age cohorts, and as a function of body condition. We found that banding location for juvenile Mallards was an important variable predicting harvest mortality. The probability of being a direct recovery was 126% greater for juvenile females and 70% greater for juvenile males banded at Lake St. Clair compared to those banded in northwest Ohio. Average body condition was slightly less for juvenile male Mallards banded in northwest Ohio during 2016 compared to those banded in 2015 or those banded in LSC in 2014 or 2015. We did not detect any other significant differences related to body condition and location or location-year with respect to direct recovery rates. We hypothesize that harvest mortality of juvenile Mallards could be related to differences in harvest regulations, bird abundances, or hunter density between the two study sites, all of which may have different implications for those interested in managing Mallard populations in the lower Great Lakes region.
{"title":"Harvest Mortality of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) Banded at Lake St. Clair, CAN and Western Lake Erie, USA","authors":"Matthew D. Palumbo, Brendan T. Shirkey","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Coastal marshes of Lake St. Clair, in southwest Ontario, CAN and Lake Erie, in northwest Ohio, USA are important migratory staging locations for waterfowl despite experiencing substantial wetland losses. Waterfowl habitat management at these locations focuses on providing food resources for Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), a highly sought game species. We examined direct recovery rates of Mallards banded prior to the 2014, 2015, and 2016 hunting seasons as a measure of harvest mortality. We compared harvest mortality between the two locations, among years, among four sex and age cohorts, and as a function of body condition. We found that banding location for juvenile Mallards was an important variable predicting harvest mortality. The probability of being a direct recovery was 126% greater for juvenile females and 70% greater for juvenile males banded at Lake St. Clair compared to those banded in northwest Ohio. Average body condition was slightly less for juvenile male Mallards banded in northwest Ohio during 2016 compared to those banded in 2015 or those banded in LSC in 2014 or 2015. We did not detect any other significant differences related to body condition and location or location-year with respect to direct recovery rates. We hypothesize that harvest mortality of juvenile Mallards could be related to differences in harvest regulations, bird abundances, or hunter density between the two study sites, all of which may have different implications for those interested in managing Mallard populations in the lower Great Lakes region.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"195 1","pages":"51 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75895284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carley Schacter, Brady L. Fettig, S. Peterson, C. A. Hartman, M. Herzog, M. Casazza, J. Ackerman
Abstract. In most birds, parental incubation of eggs is necessary for embryo development and survival. Using a combination of weekly nest visits, temperature dataloggers, infrared video cameras, and GPS tracking of hens, we documented several instances of duck eggs hatching after being abandoned by the incubating female. Of 2826 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) nests monitored 2015–2019 in Suisun Marsh, California, 48 (1.7%) were abandoned during late incubation (≥ 20 days). Of these, we identified six (12.5%) where at least one egg hatched 2–9 days after abandonment. In all six cases, eggshell membranes were found in the nest (indicating hatch), and ducklings were observed at three nests. Abandoned nests were unattended for an average of 5.9 days before eggs hatched; during this time, mean nest temperatures (23.6°C–29.0°C) were substantially lower than before nest abandonment (31.7°C–36.4°C). We estimated that abandonment resulted in a 9% longer time period between clutch completion and hatch (0–4 days longer) and a lower rate of egg hatching success (36%). Our results provide evidence that some older embryos (≥ 20 days) in mild climates can survive without parental incubation for several days and continue to develop (at a reduced rate) to the point of successfully hatching.
{"title":"Dabbling Duck Eggs Hatch after Nest Abandonment in the Wild","authors":"Carley Schacter, Brady L. Fettig, S. Peterson, C. A. Hartman, M. Herzog, M. Casazza, J. Ackerman","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In most birds, parental incubation of eggs is necessary for embryo development and survival. Using a combination of weekly nest visits, temperature dataloggers, infrared video cameras, and GPS tracking of hens, we documented several instances of duck eggs hatching after being abandoned by the incubating female. Of 2826 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) nests monitored 2015–2019 in Suisun Marsh, California, 48 (1.7%) were abandoned during late incubation (≥ 20 days). Of these, we identified six (12.5%) where at least one egg hatched 2–9 days after abandonment. In all six cases, eggshell membranes were found in the nest (indicating hatch), and ducklings were observed at three nests. Abandoned nests were unattended for an average of 5.9 days before eggs hatched; during this time, mean nest temperatures (23.6°C–29.0°C) were substantially lower than before nest abandonment (31.7°C–36.4°C). We estimated that abandonment resulted in a 9% longer time period between clutch completion and hatch (0–4 days longer) and a lower rate of egg hatching success (36%). Our results provide evidence that some older embryos (≥ 20 days) in mild climates can survive without parental incubation for several days and continue to develop (at a reduced rate) to the point of successfully hatching.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"30 1","pages":"91 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91307234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Casaux, M. Bertolin, Melina Deluchi, María Inés García Betoño, Anahí M. Silvestro, Mariana A. Juáres
Abstract. The diet of the Imperial Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) at Vintter Lake, Patagonia, Argentina, was investigated through analysis of 157 regurgitate pellets collected during the summer seasons of 2008–2010 and 2016–2017. The native fish Galaxias platei was the main prey throughout the study period, accompanied only by a few gastropod species (2010) and coleopterans (2009 and 2016). Our results markedly differ from those previously reported for Imperial shags breeding at Vintter Lake and other sites. The results are discussed in relation to the population decline observed in shags at Vintter Lake throughout the study period.
{"title":"The Diet of the Imperial Shag Phalacrocorax atriceps at Vintter Lake, Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"R. Casaux, M. Bertolin, Melina Deluchi, María Inés García Betoño, Anahí M. Silvestro, Mariana A. Juáres","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The diet of the Imperial Shag (Phalacrocorax atriceps) at Vintter Lake, Patagonia, Argentina, was investigated through analysis of 157 regurgitate pellets collected during the summer seasons of 2008–2010 and 2016–2017. The native fish Galaxias platei was the main prey throughout the study period, accompanied only by a few gastropod species (2010) and coleopterans (2009 and 2016). Our results markedly differ from those previously reported for Imperial shags breeding at Vintter Lake and other sites. The results are discussed in relation to the population decline observed in shags at Vintter Lake throughout the study period.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"106 1","pages":"117 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89366229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonah Gula, Amukena Mungole, A. Botha, Camden Martin, Euan Genevier, Rynhardt Le Roux
Abstract. We initiated a telemetry study on the Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) in western Zambia in 2019 to address knowledge gaps about spatial ecology. As the first such field study on the species, we encountered multiple challenges in attempting to capture free-ranging storks, including limitations in manpower and trapping techniques. In three field trips, we captured and deployed transmitters on only three storks. All transmitters have since failed, and the longest one transmitted data was for only five months, during which we recorded a dispersal event into Angola and back to its natal area. Our work has painstakingly demonstrated that field techniques are not always transferable between species and study systems, and that initiating work on an unstudied species has unforeseen difficulties.
{"title":"Trials and Lessons Learnt in Three Seasons of Attempting to Study the Movements of Saddle-Billed Storks in Zambia","authors":"Jonah Gula, Amukena Mungole, A. Botha, Camden Martin, Euan Genevier, Rynhardt Le Roux","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We initiated a telemetry study on the Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) in western Zambia in 2019 to address knowledge gaps about spatial ecology. As the first such field study on the species, we encountered multiple challenges in attempting to capture free-ranging storks, including limitations in manpower and trapping techniques. In three field trips, we captured and deployed transmitters on only three storks. All transmitters have since failed, and the longest one transmitted data was for only five months, during which we recorded a dispersal event into Angola and back to its natal area. Our work has painstakingly demonstrated that field techniques are not always transferable between species and study systems, and that initiating work on an unstudied species has unforeseen difficulties.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"7 1","pages":"102 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79164559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. C. Kitaif, Haley Holiman, Auriel M. V. Fournier, Raymond B. Iglay, M. Woodrey
Abstract. Little is known of rail migration ecology, consequently limiting efforts to effectively conserve rail populations. Therefore, we investigated changes in the migratory arrival/departure dates for Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Sora (Porzana carolina) north of Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Using citizen science data collected over the last 25 years, we inspected summarized data for patterns of primary arrival and departure windows indicated by first or last observations of each species at the lagoons, respectively, alongside 10th/90th quantiles that controlled for outliers (i.e., early arrivals, late departures). Regression models found no differences in spring migration departures for any species. In fall migration we found a difference only in Virginia Rail arrivals, which became later over time. King Rail arrived in autumn first in mid-September (September 22nd) followed by Sora (October 5th) and Virginia Rails (October 21st). In spring migration, Virginia Rails departed first (March 19th), then King Rails (March 24th), and Sora (April 20th). Trends for King Rails may have been skewed by some individuals having non-migratory behavior. Despite limitations, citizen science efforts were useful for an initial investigation of rail migration ecology, and future applications could be used to identify and assess factors affecting migration timing (e.g., climate change, habitat availability, weather shifts).
{"title":"Trends in Rail Migration Arrival and Departure Times Using Long-Term Citizen Science Data from Mississippi, USA","authors":"J. C. Kitaif, Haley Holiman, Auriel M. V. Fournier, Raymond B. Iglay, M. Woodrey","doi":"10.1675/063.045.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.045.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Little is known of rail migration ecology, consequently limiting efforts to effectively conserve rail populations. Therefore, we investigated changes in the migratory arrival/departure dates for Virginia Rails (Rallus limicola), King Rails (Rallus elegans) and Sora (Porzana carolina) north of Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Using citizen science data collected over the last 25 years, we inspected summarized data for patterns of primary arrival and departure windows indicated by first or last observations of each species at the lagoons, respectively, alongside 10th/90th quantiles that controlled for outliers (i.e., early arrivals, late departures). Regression models found no differences in spring migration departures for any species. In fall migration we found a difference only in Virginia Rail arrivals, which became later over time. King Rail arrived in autumn first in mid-September (September 22nd) followed by Sora (October 5th) and Virginia Rails (October 21st). In spring migration, Virginia Rails departed first (March 19th), then King Rails (March 24th), and Sora (April 20th). Trends for King Rails may have been skewed by some individuals having non-migratory behavior. Despite limitations, citizen science efforts were useful for an initial investigation of rail migration ecology, and future applications could be used to identify and assess factors affecting migration timing (e.g., climate change, habitat availability, weather shifts).","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"31 1","pages":"108 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75585060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Florida's Big Bend region hosts the second largest concentration of breeding American Oystercatchers in the state, but reproductive success is low. Nest site characteristics and predation were examined to determine their influence on survival of nests and broods at two areas in the southern Big Bend (Cedar Key and Barge Canal). The probability of a nest surviving in Cedar Key was low (x̄ = 0.25, CI = 0.13–0.41) and limited by nest overwash (46% of known nest attempts); survival of nests at Barge Canal was much higher (x̄ = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.58). However, 40% of chicks that survived to fledge (35 days) at Barge Canal died before reaching independence (60 days). Raccoon presence and hatch date were negatively correlated with brood survival at Barge Canal. Finally, chicks at Barge Canal weighed less and were smaller compared to chicks at an Atlantic Coast site, which may be related to low abundance of live oysters within 100 m of their nest sites. Efforts to enhance oystercatcher reproductive success may require different approaches for each site: habitat restoration to increase elevation of nest sites in Cedar Key and reduction of predators at Barge Canal.
摘要佛罗里达州的大本德地区是该州第二大繁殖美国捕牡蛎者的聚集地，但繁殖成功率很低。研究了大本德南部两个地区(雪松礁岛和驳船运河)的巢址特征和捕食特征，以确定它们对巢和卵的生存的影响。雪松礁岛的巢存活概率很低(x ā = 0.25, CI = 0.13-0.41)，并且受巢过度清洗的限制(46%的已知筑巢尝试);驳船运河的巢存活率较高(x < 0.45, CI < 0.31 ~ 0.58)。然而，在驳船运河存活到羽翼丰满(35天)的雏鸡中，有40%在独立(60天)之前死亡。驳船航道上浣熊的存在和孵化日期与雏鸟成活率呈负相关。最后，与大西洋沿岸的雏鸟相比，驳船运河的雏鸟体重更轻，体型更小，这可能与它们筑巢地点100米内的活牡蛎丰度低有关。努力提高捕牡蛎者的繁殖成功率可能需要不同的方法:恢复栖息地以增加雪松岛筑巢地点的海拔，减少驳船运河的捕食者。
{"title":"Factors Limiting Reproductive Success of American Oystercatchers (Haematopus palliatus) in Florida's Southern Big Bend Region","authors":"N. Vitale, Janell M. Brush, A. Powell","doi":"10.1675/063.044.0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1675/063.044.0406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Florida's Big Bend region hosts the second largest concentration of breeding American Oystercatchers in the state, but reproductive success is low. Nest site characteristics and predation were examined to determine their influence on survival of nests and broods at two areas in the southern Big Bend (Cedar Key and Barge Canal). The probability of a nest surviving in Cedar Key was low (x̄ = 0.25, CI = 0.13–0.41) and limited by nest overwash (46% of known nest attempts); survival of nests at Barge Canal was much higher (x̄ = 0.45, CI = 0.31–0.58). However, 40% of chicks that survived to fledge (35 days) at Barge Canal died before reaching independence (60 days). Raccoon presence and hatch date were negatively correlated with brood survival at Barge Canal. Finally, chicks at Barge Canal weighed less and were smaller compared to chicks at an Atlantic Coast site, which may be related to low abundance of live oysters within 100 m of their nest sites. Efforts to enhance oystercatcher reproductive success may require different approaches for each site: habitat restoration to increase elevation of nest sites in Cedar Key and reduction of predators at Barge Canal.","PeriodicalId":54408,"journal":{"name":"Waterbirds","volume":"24 1","pages":"449 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89532130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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