Minze Stuiver, Professor Emeritus of the Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington where he founded the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory (QIL), passed away on December 26, 2020. Minze was born at the beginning of the Depression on October 25, 1929, in Vlagtwedde, the Netherlands, where he grew up in a rudimentary home with his five family members, a single cold water faucet and stove in the kitchen, a stove in the living room for heating, and a weekly bath with a bucket of water warmed up by the living room stove. His life and high school education (1942– 1945)were greatly disrupted byGerman occupation during WWII, including nearly being conscripted into German forced labor near the end of the War. Minze started his undergraduate life at the University of Groningen in 1947, studying physics, mathematics, and astronomy. After graduation in 1950, he embarked on graduate studies at the University of Groningen, receiving his M.S. degree in experimental nuclear physics and mathematics in 1953 and a Ph.D. in biophysics in 1958. There Minze worked under the direction of Hessel de Vries, who had been actively involved in developing radiocarbon methodologies and hardware, and who observed systematic discrepancies between radiocarbon and calendar dates (now known as the “de Vries effect”), forming the basis for calibration in radiocarbon dating. Minze worked with de Vries in 1958–1959 tomodel variations in atmospheric radiocarbon content, from which he identified a linkage of radiocarbon production to sunspot activity. Minze and his wife Anneke moved to the Yale University Geochronometric Laboratory in 1960, where he helped develop the Yale Radiocarbon Laboratory, of which he subsequently became Director. Additionally, he became closely involved with the journal Radiocarbon, which originated at Yale as the Radiocarbon Supplement to the American Journal of Science. Minze became one of several early editors of Radiocarbon, but by 1977 he was the Editor-in-Chief and instituted a policy whereby the journal would no longer almost exclusively publish date lists from radiocarbon laboratories around the world, but would encourage submission of articles describing research to which radiocarbon measurements were applied. While
华盛顿大学第四纪研究中心名誉教授明泽·斯图伊弗于2020年12月26日去世，他在该中心创建了第四纪同位素实验室（QIL）。明泽于1929年10月25日出生于大萧条初期的荷兰弗拉格特维德，在那里，他和五个家庭成员在一个简陋的家里长大，厨房里只有一个冷水龙头和炉子，客厅里有一个用来取暖的炉子，每周洗一次澡，用客厅炉子加热一桶水。他的生活和高中教育（1942-1945）在二战期间受到德国占领的极大干扰，包括在战争即将结束时差点被征召加入德国强迫劳动。明泽于1947年在格罗宁根大学开始了他的本科生活，学习物理、数学和天文学。1950年毕业后，他开始在格罗宁根大学攻读研究生，1953年获得实验核物理和数学硕士学位，1958年获得生物物理学博士学位。在那里，Minze在Hessel de Vries的指导下工作，他一直积极参与开发放射性碳方法和硬件，并观察到放射性碳和日历日期之间的系统差异（现在被称为“de Vriess效应”），形成了放射性碳定年校准的基础。明泽于1958年至1959年与德弗里斯合作，对大气放射性碳含量的断层模型变化进行了研究，从中他确定了放射性碳的产生与太阳黑子活动的联系。1960年，Minze和他的妻子Anneke搬到了耶鲁大学地质年代测定实验室，在那里他帮助开发了耶鲁放射性碳实验室，随后他成为了该实验室的主任。此外，他还与《放射性碳》杂志密切合作，该杂志起源于耶鲁大学，是《美国科学杂志》的放射性碳增刊。明泽成为《放射性碳》杂志的几位早期编辑之一，但到1977年，他成为了主编，并制定了一项政策，即该杂志将不再几乎只发布世界各地放射性碳实验室的日期列表，而是鼓励提交描述应用放射性碳测量的研究的文章。虽然
{"title":"In MemoriamMinze Stuiver 1929-2020","authors":"S. Leavitt","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-15","url":null,"abstract":"Minze Stuiver, Professor Emeritus of the Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington where he founded the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory (QIL), passed away on December 26, 2020. Minze was born at the beginning of the Depression on October 25, 1929, in Vlagtwedde, the Netherlands, where he grew up in a rudimentary home with his five family members, a single cold water faucet and stove in the kitchen, a stove in the living room for heating, and a weekly bath with a bucket of water warmed up by the living room stove. His life and high school education (1942– 1945)were greatly disrupted byGerman occupation during WWII, including nearly being conscripted into German forced labor near the end of the War. Minze started his undergraduate life at the University of Groningen in 1947, studying physics, mathematics, and astronomy. After graduation in 1950, he embarked on graduate studies at the University of Groningen, receiving his M.S. degree in experimental nuclear physics and mathematics in 1953 and a Ph.D. in biophysics in 1958. There Minze worked under the direction of Hessel de Vries, who had been actively involved in developing radiocarbon methodologies and hardware, and who observed systematic discrepancies between radiocarbon and calendar dates (now known as the “de Vries effect”), forming the basis for calibration in radiocarbon dating. Minze worked with de Vries in 1958–1959 tomodel variations in atmospheric radiocarbon content, from which he identified a linkage of radiocarbon production to sunspot activity. Minze and his wife Anneke moved to the Yale University Geochronometric Laboratory in 1960, where he helped develop the Yale Radiocarbon Laboratory, of which he subsequently became Director. Additionally, he became closely involved with the journal Radiocarbon, which originated at Yale as the Radiocarbon Supplement to the American Journal of Science. Minze became one of several early editors of Radiocarbon, but by 1977 he was the Editor-in-Chief and instituted a policy whereby the journal would no longer almost exclusively publish date lists from radiocarbon laboratories around the world, but would encourage submission of articles describing research to which radiocarbon measurements were applied. While","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"38 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Over the recent decades, a many oak tree-ring width chronologies have been used for archaeological, climatological and ecological studies, particularly across western, southern and central Europe. However, a general summary of research in the easternmost distribution of European oaks, represented mainly by Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., has been missing. Therefore, we herein overview the current state-of-the-art of oak dendrochronology in Eastern Europe. Many tree-ring width chronologies were created across this area mostly from living trees and applied in the investigation of climate-growth relationships or dendroecological studies, especially in Baltic States. In contrast, dendrochronological dating is fairly rare in the Baltic area because of a low occurrence of oak wood in historical constructions. The only long multi-centennial tree-ring width (TRW) chronology compiled using living trees as well as historical buildings exists in western Ukraine, though many preserved historical buildings still remain unexplored in some regions (e.g. Transcarpathia). The general lack of long and well-replicated TRW chronologies resulted in usage of radiocarbon methods or TRW chronologies representing distant regions for dating purposes. Nevertheless, some regions show great dendrochronological potential for compilation of long tree-ring width chronologies and its usability in dendroarchaeology or paleo-climatology.
{"title":"A Review of Oak Dendrochronology in Eastern Europe","authors":"Irena Sochová, T. Kolář, M. Rybníček","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the recent decades, a many oak tree-ring width chronologies have been used for archaeological, climatological and ecological studies, particularly across western, southern and central Europe. However, a general summary of research in the easternmost distribution of European oaks, represented mainly by Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., has been missing. Therefore, we herein overview the current state-of-the-art of oak dendrochronology in Eastern Europe. Many tree-ring width chronologies were created across this area mostly from living trees and applied in the investigation of climate-growth relationships or dendroecological studies, especially in Baltic States. In contrast, dendrochronological dating is fairly rare in the Baltic area because of a low occurrence of oak wood in historical constructions. The only long multi-centennial tree-ring width (TRW) chronology compiled using living trees as well as historical buildings exists in western Ukraine, though many preserved historical buildings still remain unexplored in some regions (e.g. Transcarpathia). The general lack of long and well-replicated TRW chronologies resulted in usage of radiocarbon methods or TRW chronologies representing distant regions for dating purposes. Nevertheless, some regions show great dendrochronological potential for compilation of long tree-ring width chronologies and its usability in dendroarchaeology or paleo-climatology.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"10 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Because of the eccentric radial growth for shrubs, climatic signals recorded by their ring-width series tend to be distorted. We hypothesized that measured Basal Area Increment (BAI) can overcome such a weakness. We used the desert shrub Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, with eccentric radial growth to test this hypothesis. RWI (mRWI) and BAI standard chronologies were established based on the ring-width data. Then, we converted BAI into RWI and created a transformed RWI (tRWI) standard chronology. Both BAI and tRWI showed higher correlation with climate records than mRWI, although their correlation coefficients were not significantly different from each other. Based on the comparison between tRWI and mRWI chronologies, mRWI overestimates the radial growth of Z. xanthoxylum caused by eccentric form. BAI can be applied to increase accuracy in dendrochronological studies for shrubs with eccentric growth.
{"title":"Correcting Eccentric Growth Rings Using Basal Area Increment: A Case Study for a Desert Shrub in Northwestern China","authors":"A. Ding, S. Xiao, Quan-yan Tian, Chao Han","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Because of the eccentric radial growth for shrubs, climatic signals recorded by their ring-width series tend to be distorted. We hypothesized that measured Basal Area Increment (BAI) can overcome such a weakness. We used the desert shrub Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, with eccentric radial growth to test this hypothesis. RWI (mRWI) and BAI standard chronologies were established based on the ring-width data. Then, we converted BAI into RWI and created a transformed RWI (tRWI) standard chronology. Both BAI and tRWI showed higher correlation with climate records than mRWI, although their correlation coefficients were not significantly different from each other. Based on the comparison between tRWI and mRWI chronologies, mRWI overestimates the radial growth of Z. xanthoxylum caused by eccentric form. BAI can be applied to increase accuracy in dendrochronological studies for shrubs with eccentric growth.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Seyfullayev, S. George, V. Farzaliyev, S. Guillet, M. Stoffel, U. Thapa
ABSTRACT Paleoclimate reconstructions from tree rings have so far been restricted to the western and northern Caucasus, and there have been no published tree-ring studies on any topic from the Republic of Azerbaijan in the eastern Caucasus. Here we report the first tree-ring study conducted in Azerbaijan and show that, in the southern part of the country, the common yew (Taxus baccata L.) has potential to provide annually-resolved paleoclimate information on temperature variability during winter. During the summers of 2016 and 2017, we obtained single cores from 23 yews in the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan, near the village of Hamarat (Lerik district). The oldest yew had an inner ring date of C.E. 1867, but most other trees at this location began growing in the early 20th Century. Growth at the Lerik site is primarily and positively influenced by winter temperatures and, to a lesser degree, precipitation during summer and early autumn. Future collections of tree-ring widths from T. baccata in Azerbaijan could fill important geographic and seasonal gaps in our current paleotemperature network, and also provide useful information regarding the pace and potential impacts of wintertime warming in this region.
{"title":"The Dendroclimatological Potential of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) from Southern Azerbaijan","authors":"F. Seyfullayev, S. George, V. Farzaliyev, S. Guillet, M. Stoffel, U. Thapa","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-6","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Paleoclimate reconstructions from tree rings have so far been restricted to the western and northern Caucasus, and there have been no published tree-ring studies on any topic from the Republic of Azerbaijan in the eastern Caucasus. Here we report the first tree-ring study conducted in Azerbaijan and show that, in the southern part of the country, the common yew (Taxus baccata L.) has potential to provide annually-resolved paleoclimate information on temperature variability during winter. During the summers of 2016 and 2017, we obtained single cores from 23 yews in the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan, near the village of Hamarat (Lerik district). The oldest yew had an inner ring date of C.E. 1867, but most other trees at this location began growing in the early 20th Century. Growth at the Lerik site is primarily and positively influenced by winter temperatures and, to a lesser degree, precipitation during summer and early autumn. Future collections of tree-ring widths from T. baccata in Azerbaijan could fill important geographic and seasonal gaps in our current paleotemperature network, and also provide useful information regarding the pace and potential impacts of wintertime warming in this region.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43665871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Edmund Schulman is rightly honored for quantifying the age of bristlecone pines and discovering individuals significantly older than giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron gigantea), previously thought to be the oldest living things. However, George Engelmann inferred the potential for great age in his description of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) almost a century before, in 1863. Staff from Inyo National Forest re-made Engelmann's inference, and publically asserted that White Mountain bristlecones might outlive giant sequoias before Schulman had published any results of his bristlecone research. Schulman sampled White Mountains pines after seeing a photograph and caption associated with an article by founders of the University of California White Mountain Research Station. Although Schulman's correspondence and publications make this clear, incorrect theories regarding his decision to come to the White Mountains have been published and are promulgated at the Schulman Grove Visitor Center in the White Mountains. This paper places Schulman's work in its historic context by recovering forgotten information about attempts by Inyo National Forest staff and White Mountain Research Station to call attention to the trees. It also recovers details of Schulman's and C. Wesley Ferguson's activities in the White Mountains range as documented in field notes and Thomas Harlan's Bristlecone Pine Project database.
{"title":"Finding Methuselah: New Light on an Old Story","authors":"Daniel W. Pritchett","doi":"10.3959/TRR2019-10b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2019-10b","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Edmund Schulman is rightly honored for quantifying the age of bristlecone pines and discovering individuals significantly older than giant sequoias (Sequoiadendron gigantea), previously thought to be the oldest living things. However, George Engelmann inferred the potential for great age in his description of bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) almost a century before, in 1863. Staff from Inyo National Forest re-made Engelmann's inference, and publically asserted that White Mountain bristlecones might outlive giant sequoias before Schulman had published any results of his bristlecone research. Schulman sampled White Mountains pines after seeing a photograph and caption associated with an article by founders of the University of California White Mountain Research Station. Although Schulman's correspondence and publications make this clear, incorrect theories regarding his decision to come to the White Mountains have been published and are promulgated at the Schulman Grove Visitor Center in the White Mountains. This paper places Schulman's work in its historic context by recovering forgotten information about attempts by Inyo National Forest staff and White Mountain Research Station to call attention to the trees. It also recovers details of Schulman's and C. Wesley Ferguson's activities in the White Mountains range as documented in field notes and Thomas Harlan's Bristlecone Pine Project database.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"20 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48444355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Ceanothus verrucosus (CEVE) is a globally rare, long-lived, chaparral shrub endemic to coastal southern California (CA) and northern Mexico. There is concern for CEVE persistence because of habitat loss, fire, and climate change, yet little is known about basic features of the plant, including whether it contains annual rings, plant age, and climate–growth response. Growth-ring analysis was challenging because of semi-ring-porous structure, false, and missing rings. We successfully crossdated CEVE annual rings, primarily from Cabrillo National Monument, CA, using a nearby Pinus torreyana chronology. The oldest living individual had 116 rings; the oldest inner-ring date was 1873; and most of the plants established between 1894 and 1905, all older than previous estimates. CEVE mortality occurred during a dry period from the late 1940s through the early 1960s. Correlations between age and stem measurements were weak to moderate (r = 0.10 to 0.56) posing challenges for field-based estimates of plant ages, which are important for population modeling. Variability in CEVE ring width had a strong positive correlation with prior cool-season (October–April) precipitation, yet 2- to 7-day warm-season precipitation events were recorded as rare false rings in multiple years, indicating extreme plasticity in cambial phenology and growth response to moisture.
{"title":"Dendrochronology of a Rare, Long-Lived Mediterranean Shrub","authors":"E. Margolis, Keith J. Lombardo, Andrew Smith","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-3","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ceanothus verrucosus (CEVE) is a globally rare, long-lived, chaparral shrub endemic to coastal southern California (CA) and northern Mexico. There is concern for CEVE persistence because of habitat loss, fire, and climate change, yet little is known about basic features of the plant, including whether it contains annual rings, plant age, and climate–growth response. Growth-ring analysis was challenging because of semi-ring-porous structure, false, and missing rings. We successfully crossdated CEVE annual rings, primarily from Cabrillo National Monument, CA, using a nearby Pinus torreyana chronology. The oldest living individual had 116 rings; the oldest inner-ring date was 1873; and most of the plants established between 1894 and 1905, all older than previous estimates. CEVE mortality occurred during a dry period from the late 1940s through the early 1960s. Correlations between age and stem measurements were weak to moderate (r = 0.10 to 0.56) posing challenges for field-based estimates of plant ages, which are important for population modeling. Variability in CEVE ring width had a strong positive correlation with prior cool-season (October–April) precipitation, yet 2- to 7-day warm-season precipitation events were recorded as rare false rings in multiple years, indicating extreme plasticity in cambial phenology and growth response to moisture.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"61 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49223125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tree Story: The History of the World Written in Rings","authors":"K. Čufar","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"104 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dendroecology: Principles and Practice by Richard Phipps and Thomas Yanosky was published in 2020 by J. Ross Publishing (ISBN 978-160427-145-4) and is available directly by the publisher and throughmultiple on-line bookstores. The book is based on the extensive dendrochronological experience of both authors, who have pioneered some of the early advances of the field, particularly regarding hydrological studies and reconstructions and the use of basal area increments (BAI) to better estimate and compare tree growth. The text introduces the reader to the origins and early ideas of dendroecology. Following examples and anecdotes, the authors describe multiple environmental drivers that can be explored using classic tree-ring methods. The book is easy to read and enjoyable, and the career-long passion of the authors for the topic is contagious. The text is divided in eight chapters, starting with an introduction to dendrochronological history and the basics of ring formation. It then addresses some of the more practical issues in classical dendrochronological sampling, including collection, measurement, and crossdating. In the remaining five chapters, examples are provided on how to apply these techniques. The last chapter also presents and discusses changes in growth trends in a large collection of 47 white oak sites in North America, collected between 1977 and 1992 by multiple authors as the most in-depth analysis. The book will be very useful for readers wanting to have a first overview of the discipline and for those interested in the discipline’s foundation stones, the base for much dendroecology of the last few decades. Analyses will feel familiar for those coming from dendroclimatology. This book may serve many as a steppingstone into the field, which can be complemented with other collections of recent advances in dendroecology, such as Amoroso (2017), which draws on a great diversity of authors to summarize and discuss the future of dendroecology for a range of subdisciplines and processes. It is, however, remarkable that, despite large advances in methods and theory, dendroecology still lacks a central textbook in the way that Fritts (1976) or Schweingruber (1987) have been for dendroclimatology. I particularly enjoyed the detailed descriptions of study sites and small data collections by the authors, and the careful interpretation of the results. The authors go above and beyond to consider alternative hypotheses to their data and to stress the need for further understanding of the deceptively simple question of how trees grow. It is great to see such care and humbleness, which the early dendroecologists had in abundance and that we should make sure to continue preserving as the discipline advances. The description of the development and use of BAI is very interesting, and it left me thinking there is still more to explore and develop theoretically using that very simple model of tree growth. Using BAI trajectories’ slope to assess ecosyste
{"title":"Dendroecology: Principles and Practice","authors":"R. D. Manzanedo","doi":"10.3959/TRR2020-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/TRR2020-9","url":null,"abstract":"Dendroecology: Principles and Practice by Richard Phipps and Thomas Yanosky was published in 2020 by J. Ross Publishing (ISBN 978-160427-145-4) and is available directly by the publisher and throughmultiple on-line bookstores. The book is based on the extensive dendrochronological experience of both authors, who have pioneered some of the early advances of the field, particularly regarding hydrological studies and reconstructions and the use of basal area increments (BAI) to better estimate and compare tree growth. The text introduces the reader to the origins and early ideas of dendroecology. Following examples and anecdotes, the authors describe multiple environmental drivers that can be explored using classic tree-ring methods. The book is easy to read and enjoyable, and the career-long passion of the authors for the topic is contagious. The text is divided in eight chapters, starting with an introduction to dendrochronological history and the basics of ring formation. It then addresses some of the more practical issues in classical dendrochronological sampling, including collection, measurement, and crossdating. In the remaining five chapters, examples are provided on how to apply these techniques. The last chapter also presents and discusses changes in growth trends in a large collection of 47 white oak sites in North America, collected between 1977 and 1992 by multiple authors as the most in-depth analysis. The book will be very useful for readers wanting to have a first overview of the discipline and for those interested in the discipline’s foundation stones, the base for much dendroecology of the last few decades. Analyses will feel familiar for those coming from dendroclimatology. This book may serve many as a steppingstone into the field, which can be complemented with other collections of recent advances in dendroecology, such as Amoroso (2017), which draws on a great diversity of authors to summarize and discuss the future of dendroecology for a range of subdisciplines and processes. It is, however, remarkable that, despite large advances in methods and theory, dendroecology still lacks a central textbook in the way that Fritts (1976) or Schweingruber (1987) have been for dendroclimatology. I particularly enjoyed the detailed descriptions of study sites and small data collections by the authors, and the careful interpretation of the results. The authors go above and beyond to consider alternative hypotheses to their data and to stress the need for further understanding of the deceptively simple question of how trees grow. It is great to see such care and humbleness, which the early dendroecologists had in abundance and that we should make sure to continue preserving as the discipline advances. The description of the development and use of BAI is very interesting, and it left me thinking there is still more to explore and develop theoretically using that very simple model of tree growth. Using BAI trajectories’ slope to assess ecosyste","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"102 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphaël D. Chavardès, L. Daniels, B. Eskelson, Z. Gedalof
ABSTRACT To investigate drought influences on mixed-severity fire regimes in montane forests of southeastern British Columbia, we developed a Douglas-fir latewood-width chronology and tested its associations with drought records across the fire season. Associations were strong between drought and latewood-widths particularly for June–August. Based on the chronology, we reconstructed the summer Drought Code, an index of moisture content in slow-drying deep compact organics in the soil and coarse woody fuels. Using the summer Drought Code and an existing reconstruction of the summer Palmer Drought Severity Index, representing moisture content in the quick-drying duff layer, we tested fire–drought associations using fire-scar records. Subtle differences in fire–drought associations reflect distinct drying rates and overwintering capacity among forest fuels represented by each summer drought reconstruction. Variable moisture conditions across fuels influence fire occurrence; in particular when the summer Drought Code exceeds 344 and the summer Palmer Drought Severity Index is below 0.08, fire occurrence is more likely. The application of these thresholds with climate change scenarios may provide insights on how mixed-severity fire regimes could be impacted in montane forests of southeastern British Columbia.
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G. von Arx, P. Cherubini, P. Fonti, D. Nievergelt, L. Schneider, K. Treydte, A. Verstege, H. Gärtner
Fritz H. Schweingruber, pioneer of tree-ring research and wood anatomy, passed away on January 7, 2020, at the age of nearly 84. Fritz was born on February 29, 1936, in Krauchthal (Canton Bern, Switzerland). From 1956 to 1965, he was a primary school teacher and an organist. Although he liked teaching, he discovered his curiosity for botany and archaeology. This was the beginning of what turned out to be an outstanding scientific career. He enrolled at University of Bern and took classes in botany, zoology, geology and preand early history. In 1972, he obtained his doctorate in botany from the University of Basel, where he was appointed professor in 1976. Since 1971, Fritz was based at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL (Birmensdorf, Switzerland), where he established one of Europe’s first tree-ring labs, which developed into one of the largest worldwide. Among the lasting contributions to our field are more than 200 journal articles and 39 books, amongwhich include (1) “Tree Rings: Basics and Applications of Dendrochronology” (Schweingruber 1988) and “Tree Rings and Environment Dendroecology” (Schweingruber 1996), which are classics, (2) the northern hemispheric network of tree-ring density data from 350 sites established with colleagues from UK and Russia, which is an important backbone of the ITRDB, (3) a worldwide unique collection of anatomical microsections of 5000 tree, shrub, herb and graminoid species, (4) the “International Dendroecological Fieldweek” initiated in 1986, which inspired a number of courses worldwide such as the continuing “European Dendroecological Fieldweek”, and (5) the international course on “Wood Anatomy & Tree-Ring Ecology” running since 2001. These and further milestones of Fritz’ extraordinary life are summarized in more detail in other obituaries (Büntgen et al. 2020, Crivellaro and Gärtner 2020, Urbinati et al. 2020). Colleagues and friends at the WSL as well as in the scientific community experienced Fritz as a very curious, dedicated and charismatic person. The following thoughtful recollections from our group, mostly from Fritz’ last years as a retired member of our research group, illustrate this.
Fritz H. Schweingruber，树木年轮研究和木材解剖的先驱，于2020年1月7日去世，享年近84岁。弗里茨于1936年2月29日出生在克劳赫塔尔(瑞士伯尔尼州)。从1956年到1965年，他是一名小学教师和风琴手。虽然他喜欢教书，但他发现自己对植物学和考古学很好奇。这就是他后来杰出的科学生涯的开端。他进入伯尔尼大学学习植物学、动物学、地质学以及史前和早期历史。1972年，他在巴塞尔大学获得植物学博士学位，并于1976年被任命为教授。自1971年以来，Fritz一直在瑞士联邦森林、雪和景观研究所(瑞士伯门斯多夫)工作，在那里他建立了欧洲最早的树木年轮实验室之一，并发展成为世界上最大的年轮实验室之一。在对我们领域的持续贡献中，有200多篇期刊文章和39本书，其中包括(1)“树轮:《树木年代学基础与应用》(Schweingruber 1988)和《树木年轮与环境树木生态学》(Schweingruber 1996)是经典著作;(2)与英国和俄罗斯的同事建立的北半球350个地点的树木年轮密度数据网络，这是ITRDB的重要支柱;(3)全球独特的5000种乔木、灌木、草本和禾本科植物的解剖显微切片收集;(4) 1986年发起的“国际树木生态学实地考察周”，在此基础上，在世界范围内开展了一系列课程，如“欧洲树木生态学实地考察周”。(5)2001年开始的“木材解剖与树木年轮生态学”国际课程。在其他讣告中，对Fritz非凡生活中的这些里程碑和其他里程碑进行了更详细的总结(b ntgen等人2020,Crivellaro和Gärtner 2020, Urbinati等人2020)。WSL的同事和朋友以及科学界的人都认为Fritz是一个非常好奇、敬业和有魅力的人。下面是我们小组的一些深思熟虑的回忆，主要来自弗里茨作为我们研究小组退休成员的最后几年，说明了这一点。
{"title":"In MemoriamFritz Hans Schweingruber 1936–2020","authors":"G. von Arx, P. Cherubini, P. Fonti, D. Nievergelt, L. Schneider, K. Treydte, A. Verstege, H. Gärtner","doi":"10.3959/trr2020-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/trr2020-8","url":null,"abstract":"Fritz H. Schweingruber, pioneer of tree-ring research and wood anatomy, passed away on January 7, 2020, at the age of nearly 84. Fritz was born on February 29, 1936, in Krauchthal (Canton Bern, Switzerland). From 1956 to 1965, he was a primary school teacher and an organist. Although he liked teaching, he discovered his curiosity for botany and archaeology. This was the beginning of what turned out to be an outstanding scientific career. He enrolled at University of Bern and took classes in botany, zoology, geology and preand early history. In 1972, he obtained his doctorate in botany from the University of Basel, where he was appointed professor in 1976. Since 1971, Fritz was based at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL (Birmensdorf, Switzerland), where he established one of Europe’s first tree-ring labs, which developed into one of the largest worldwide. Among the lasting contributions to our field are more than 200 journal articles and 39 books, amongwhich include (1) “Tree Rings: Basics and Applications of Dendrochronology” (Schweingruber 1988) and “Tree Rings and Environment Dendroecology” (Schweingruber 1996), which are classics, (2) the northern hemispheric network of tree-ring density data from 350 sites established with colleagues from UK and Russia, which is an important backbone of the ITRDB, (3) a worldwide unique collection of anatomical microsections of 5000 tree, shrub, herb and graminoid species, (4) the “International Dendroecological Fieldweek” initiated in 1986, which inspired a number of courses worldwide such as the continuing “European Dendroecological Fieldweek”, and (5) the international course on “Wood Anatomy & Tree-Ring Ecology” running since 2001. These and further milestones of Fritz’ extraordinary life are summarized in more detail in other obituaries (Büntgen et al. 2020, Crivellaro and Gärtner 2020, Urbinati et al. 2020). Colleagues and friends at the WSL as well as in the scientific community experienced Fritz as a very curious, dedicated and charismatic person. The following thoughtful recollections from our group, mostly from Fritz’ last years as a retired member of our research group, illustrate this.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"106 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41429092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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