Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.63
T. Carlón-Allende, J. Villanueva‐Díaz, M. Mendoza, D. Pérez-Salicrup
Abstract Earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) chronologies can be used to analyze seasonal climatic variation. We constructed and analyzed total ring (RW), EW, and LW ring growth in Abies religiosa and Pinus pseudostrobus trees from the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and evaluated their climatic signal (monthly precipitation and mean average, minimum and maximum temperatures) in the growth of tree rings by correlation and response function analyses. Precipitation during October and December of the previous year and during January, February, April, and May of the year of growth had a positive influence in the growth of both P. pseudostrobus and A. religiosa. Mean maximum temperatures had a negative effect on tree growth in both species. Additionally, growth of A. religiosa was more sensitive to variations of mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures in comparison with P. pseudostrobus, and monthly mean minimum temperature was positively correlated with EW and LW series in A. religiosa. We conclude that EW and LW growth of A. religiosa and P. pseudostrobus might be reduced by lower precipitation during the winter-spring season. Consequently, in the eventuality of warmer and drier climate during the latter season as projected by climate change scenarios, growth rates of A. religiosa could become severely affected, negatively impacting the overwintering habitat of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.).
{"title":"Climatic Signal in Earlywood and Latewood in Conifer Forests in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico","authors":"T. Carlón-Allende, J. Villanueva‐Díaz, M. Mendoza, D. Pérez-Salicrup","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) chronologies can be used to analyze seasonal climatic variation. We constructed and analyzed total ring (RW), EW, and LW ring growth in Abies religiosa and Pinus pseudostrobus trees from the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and evaluated their climatic signal (monthly precipitation and mean average, minimum and maximum temperatures) in the growth of tree rings by correlation and response function analyses. Precipitation during October and December of the previous year and during January, February, April, and May of the year of growth had a positive influence in the growth of both P. pseudostrobus and A. religiosa. Mean maximum temperatures had a negative effect on tree growth in both species. Additionally, growth of A. religiosa was more sensitive to variations of mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures in comparison with P. pseudostrobus, and monthly mean minimum temperature was positively correlated with EW and LW series in A. religiosa. We conclude that EW and LW growth of A. religiosa and P. pseudostrobus might be reduced by lower precipitation during the winter-spring season. Consequently, in the eventuality of warmer and drier climate during the latter season as projected by climate change scenarios, growth rates of A. religiosa could become severely affected, negatively impacting the overwintering habitat of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.).","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"63 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.120
M. Amoroso, J. Speer, L. Daniels, R. Villalba, E. Cook, D. Stahle, A. Srur, J. Tardif, F. Conciatori, Eugenia Aciar, J. Arco, Anabela Bonada, Bethany L Coulthard, Jennifer M. Haney, M. Isaac-Renton, J. Magalhães, E. Marcotti, Pablo A. Meglioli, María Sol Montepeluso, R. Oelkers, J. Pearl, M. Garcia, Johanna Robson, M. R. Catón, Pamela Soto, A. Young
Abstract The South American Dendroecological Fieldweek (SADEF) associated with the Third American Dendrochronology Conference was held in El Bolsón, Argentina, in March 2016. The main objective of the SADEF was to teach the basics of dendrochronology while applying specific knowledge to selected research questions. The course included participants and instructors from six different countries. This report describes activities of the course and briefly summarizes exploratory group projects. The Introductory Group developed an Austrocedrus chilensis chronology from 1629–2015 and documented a persistent decline in growth since 1977 which supports the fact that the current severe drought is the most severe in the 386-year record. Based on regional A. chilensis chronologies from 32° to 39°S Latitude, the Stream Flow Reconstruction Group developed a regional 525 year-long reconstruction from Río Chubut and found the most severe drought episodes from 1490 to the present occurred from 1680–1705, 1813–1828, 1900–1920, 1993–2002, and from 2011 to the present. The Drought Reconstruction Group used A. chilensis annual tree-ring width chronologies to develop preliminary spatial field reconstructions of the Palmer Drought Severity Index spanning the Central Andes region. The reconstructions explain up to 81% of the 1907–1975 PDSI variance, indicating this tree species is powerful for informing on historical drought especially in very arid domains. The Dendroecology Group documented three spreading fires since the 1850s with a 12-year return interval but lack of fire for the last 94 years; they also documented a persistent decline in their chronologies in recent years, dating back to 1965.
{"title":"South American Dendroecological Fieldweek 2016: Exploring Dendrochronological Research in Northern Patagonia","authors":"M. Amoroso, J. Speer, L. Daniels, R. Villalba, E. Cook, D. Stahle, A. Srur, J. Tardif, F. Conciatori, Eugenia Aciar, J. Arco, Anabela Bonada, Bethany L Coulthard, Jennifer M. Haney, M. Isaac-Renton, J. Magalhães, E. Marcotti, Pablo A. Meglioli, María Sol Montepeluso, R. Oelkers, J. Pearl, M. Garcia, Johanna Robson, M. R. Catón, Pamela Soto, A. Young","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The South American Dendroecological Fieldweek (SADEF) associated with the Third American Dendrochronology Conference was held in El Bolsón, Argentina, in March 2016. The main objective of the SADEF was to teach the basics of dendrochronology while applying specific knowledge to selected research questions. The course included participants and instructors from six different countries. This report describes activities of the course and briefly summarizes exploratory group projects. The Introductory Group developed an Austrocedrus chilensis chronology from 1629–2015 and documented a persistent decline in growth since 1977 which supports the fact that the current severe drought is the most severe in the 386-year record. Based on regional A. chilensis chronologies from 32° to 39°S Latitude, the Stream Flow Reconstruction Group developed a regional 525 year-long reconstruction from Río Chubut and found the most severe drought episodes from 1490 to the present occurred from 1680–1705, 1813–1828, 1900–1920, 1993–2002, and from 2011 to the present. The Drought Reconstruction Group used A. chilensis annual tree-ring width chronologies to develop preliminary spatial field reconstructions of the Palmer Drought Severity Index spanning the Central Andes region. The reconstructions explain up to 81% of the 1907–1975 PDSI variance, indicating this tree species is powerful for informing on historical drought especially in very arid domains. The Dendroecology Group documented three spreading fires since the 1850s with a 12-year return interval but lack of fire for the last 94 years; they also documented a persistent decline in their chronologies in recent years, dating back to 1965.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"120 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48084140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.15
Amina Ghalem, I. Barbosa, R. Bouhraoua, Augusta Costa
Abstract In temperate regions, the analysis of climate signals encoded in the wood rings allows assessing tree sensitivity to climate and its potential effects on growth and yield. In Mediterranean regions, the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) has received limited attention for dendrochronological studies because tree rings are faint and cork rings with a clear annual banding have been rather neglected. We analyzed the climatic signal of cork-ring chronologies for AD 1996–2010 from distinct regions in western Algeria [a mountain oak forest called Hafir-Zarieffet] and in southern Portugal [a peneplain wood-pasture called Benavente]. The goal was to evaluate the strength and consistency of climate signal and to assess cork growth sensitivity to climate variables (precipitation and temperature). Our results suggest that cork growth encodes a climatic signal. Trends of cork growth, via correlation analysis, including climate variables (on a monthly and seasonal basis) and Lang's index (on an annual basis) were successfully assessed. Drought-driven cork growth reduction is a threshold function of a P-T ratio, and with expected increase in the drought occurrence under changing climate, cork growth is likely to be similarly affected in both regions.
{"title":"Climate Signal in Cork-Ring Chronologies: Case Studies in Southwestern Portugal and Northwestern Algeria","authors":"Amina Ghalem, I. Barbosa, R. Bouhraoua, Augusta Costa","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In temperate regions, the analysis of climate signals encoded in the wood rings allows assessing tree sensitivity to climate and its potential effects on growth and yield. In Mediterranean regions, the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) has received limited attention for dendrochronological studies because tree rings are faint and cork rings with a clear annual banding have been rather neglected. We analyzed the climatic signal of cork-ring chronologies for AD 1996–2010 from distinct regions in western Algeria [a mountain oak forest called Hafir-Zarieffet] and in southern Portugal [a peneplain wood-pasture called Benavente]. The goal was to evaluate the strength and consistency of climate signal and to assess cork growth sensitivity to climate variables (precipitation and temperature). Our results suggest that cork growth encodes a climatic signal. Trends of cork growth, via correlation analysis, including climate variables (on a monthly and seasonal basis) and Lang's index (on an annual basis) were successfully assessed. Drought-driven cork growth reduction is a threshold function of a P-T ratio, and with expected increase in the drought occurrence under changing climate, cork growth is likely to be similarly affected in both regions.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"15 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.94
E. Rodríguez-Ramírez, I. Luna‐Vega, V. Rozas
Abstract Mexican beech (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana) has been classified as an endangered species because of its restricted distribution. The current distribution of Mexican beech, which is considered a Miocene relict, is limited to Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF) in the mountains of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. We used dendroclimatic techniques to evaluate the effects of climate variability on the growth of Mexican beech within three forest fragments. The independent chronologies developed for the three sites were 152–178 years long. Cross-sections helped to assess the quality of the crossdating and detect false rings. Over the last 180 years, Mexican beech trees have lower mean radial growth than rates exhibited by other Fagus species. Mexican beech growth appears to be influenced by growing-season temperatures, especially mean maximum temperature. The response appears to be positive at the beginning of the growing season but becomes negative later. These results suggest that the persistence of Fagus-dominated forests in Mexico is dependent on local-scale climatic conditions of the TMCF. Mexican beech forests are associated with micro-climatic conditions that will control the fate of these forests in the face of on-going climate change.
{"title":"Tree-Ring Research of Mexican Beech (Fagus Grandifolia Subsp. Mexicana) A Relict Tree Endemic to Eastern Mexico","authors":"E. Rodríguez-Ramírez, I. Luna‐Vega, V. Rozas","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mexican beech (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana) has been classified as an endangered species because of its restricted distribution. The current distribution of Mexican beech, which is considered a Miocene relict, is limited to Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF) in the mountains of the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. We used dendroclimatic techniques to evaluate the effects of climate variability on the growth of Mexican beech within three forest fragments. The independent chronologies developed for the three sites were 152–178 years long. Cross-sections helped to assess the quality of the crossdating and detect false rings. Over the last 180 years, Mexican beech trees have lower mean radial growth than rates exhibited by other Fagus species. Mexican beech growth appears to be influenced by growing-season temperatures, especially mean maximum temperature. The response appears to be positive at the beginning of the growing season but becomes negative later. These results suggest that the persistence of Fagus-dominated forests in Mexico is dependent on local-scale climatic conditions of the TMCF. Mexican beech forests are associated with micro-climatic conditions that will control the fate of these forests in the face of on-going climate change.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"107 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-74.1.94","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46871760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.136
Maegen L. Rochner, Saskia L. van de Gevel, M. D. Spond, H. Grissino-Mayer
Abstract During May 2013, the Bear Paw State Natural Area near Boone, North Carolina acquired an 11.5 ha tract of land and two log cabins from David Wray of Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Work was soon underway to determine the historical nature of these two buildings and to evaluate them for consideration for the National Register of Historic Places. A historic structure report, completed as a collaboration between Appalachian State University and the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, was unable to discover much about the history of the two log cabins except that they were both likely moved to their current location in the early 20th Century. To determine when the cabins were built, we extracted core samples from logs in both cabins and compared the tree-ring patterns to region-wide, precisely-dated reference chronologies. We dated the tulip poplar tree-ring chronology from the Big Cabin to the period 1675–1859. Cutting dates on several of the logs revealed tree harvest likely occurred between fall 1859 and spring 1860. Some logs had outermost rings that dated to 1857 and 1858. Still, these logs may have been harvested a few years earlier, or some of the outer rings may have been lost during construction or sampling. We were unable to absolutely date an 81-year long American chestnut chronology from the Small Cabin. Our results confirmed that the Big Cabin was an Antebellum Period structure (pre-American Civil War) and therefore has potential historical significance. Because we still cannot tie this cabin to a historical figure or a historical event, the cabin cannot be nominated yet for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, but the identification of an original construction date for the cabin may contribute to further assessment for inclusion on a local or national register. In the meantime, we intend to use this cabin in annual summer workshops for undergraduate students taking courses at Appalachian State University so that more students can be exposed to the hands-on nature of scientific inquiry and can learn the value of dendrochronology for understanding human and environmental history.
{"title":"Using Dendrochronology to Investigate the Historical and Educational Value of two Log Structures at Bear Paw State Natural Area, North Carolina, USA","authors":"Maegen L. Rochner, Saskia L. van de Gevel, M. D. Spond, H. Grissino-Mayer","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During May 2013, the Bear Paw State Natural Area near Boone, North Carolina acquired an 11.5 ha tract of land and two log cabins from David Wray of Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Work was soon underway to determine the historical nature of these two buildings and to evaluate them for consideration for the National Register of Historic Places. A historic structure report, completed as a collaboration between Appalachian State University and the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, was unable to discover much about the history of the two log cabins except that they were both likely moved to their current location in the early 20th Century. To determine when the cabins were built, we extracted core samples from logs in both cabins and compared the tree-ring patterns to region-wide, precisely-dated reference chronologies. We dated the tulip poplar tree-ring chronology from the Big Cabin to the period 1675–1859. Cutting dates on several of the logs revealed tree harvest likely occurred between fall 1859 and spring 1860. Some logs had outermost rings that dated to 1857 and 1858. Still, these logs may have been harvested a few years earlier, or some of the outer rings may have been lost during construction or sampling. We were unable to absolutely date an 81-year long American chestnut chronology from the Small Cabin. Our results confirmed that the Big Cabin was an Antebellum Period structure (pre-American Civil War) and therefore has potential historical significance. Because we still cannot tie this cabin to a historical figure or a historical event, the cabin cannot be nominated yet for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places, but the identification of an original construction date for the cabin may contribute to further assessment for inclusion on a local or national register. In the meantime, we intend to use this cabin in annual summer workshops for undergraduate students taking courses at Appalachian State University so that more students can be exposed to the hands-on nature of scientific inquiry and can learn the value of dendrochronology for understanding human and environmental history.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"136 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41629284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.75
G. Kletetschka, V. Procházka, R. Fantucci, T. Trojek
Abstract The disastrous Tunguska explosion (TE) in 1908 uprooted trees in a radial pattern. Several trees in this area survived and kept growing in the post-Tunguska environment. We collected samples from surviving trees (14 and 131 years old at the time of the TE) that lived until collection in 2008 and another sample from a control tree farther from the blast epicenter (germination in 1928), which were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Chemical composition of xylem tracheids of the surviving trees revealed several patterns potentially related to the TE. A calcium peak is associated with the 1908 ring in both of the exposed trees, but additional high concentrations in adjacent rings could represent enhanced translocation of Ca over the whole sapwood as a response to defoliation from the TE. Sr and Mn anomalies near 1908 appeared in one exposed tree but not in the other. High-resolution XRF indicates Ca as well as Zn anomalies are primarily located in the earlywood of the rings, whereas peaks in Mn, Zn and Cu are more associated with the latewood. A directional response was evidenced by a wider zone of elevated Ca in the rings on the southern side toward the airblast, which might have experienced the greatest defoliation and perhaps enhanced root damage as the tree was rocked by the pressure wave. The TE event in the middle of the 1908 growing season must have triggered tree responses to deliver more nutritive resources to the crown in order to hasten restoring new leaves in the crown and to aid in structural repair.
{"title":"Survival Response of Larix Sibirica to the Tunguska Explosion","authors":"G. Kletetschka, V. Procházka, R. Fantucci, T. Trojek","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The disastrous Tunguska explosion (TE) in 1908 uprooted trees in a radial pattern. Several trees in this area survived and kept growing in the post-Tunguska environment. We collected samples from surviving trees (14 and 131 years old at the time of the TE) that lived until collection in 2008 and another sample from a control tree farther from the blast epicenter (germination in 1928), which were analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Chemical composition of xylem tracheids of the surviving trees revealed several patterns potentially related to the TE. A calcium peak is associated with the 1908 ring in both of the exposed trees, but additional high concentrations in adjacent rings could represent enhanced translocation of Ca over the whole sapwood as a response to defoliation from the TE. Sr and Mn anomalies near 1908 appeared in one exposed tree but not in the other. High-resolution XRF indicates Ca as well as Zn anomalies are primarily located in the earlywood of the rings, whereas peaks in Mn, Zn and Cu are more associated with the latewood. A directional response was evidenced by a wider zone of elevated Ca in the rings on the southern side toward the airblast, which might have experienced the greatest defoliation and perhaps enhanced root damage as the tree was rocked by the pressure wave. The TE event in the middle of the 1908 growing season must have triggered tree responses to deliver more nutritive resources to the crown in order to hasten restoring new leaves in the crown and to aid in structural repair.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"75 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42944174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.59
M. Abrams, K. Umeki, C. Bouma, E. Nabeshima, Keisuke Toyama
Abstract This study investigated the composition, age- and size-structure, and tree-ring relationships for an old-growth, warm-temperate, mixed-evergreen forest at the University of Tokyo Chiba Forest, Japan. A total of 32 tree species were recorded, which was dominated by Abies firma and Quercus acuta. Tsuga sieboldii dominated the recruitment after 1850, followed by Abies firma. After 1920, many individuals of Castanopsis, Cinnamomum, Cleyera and Quercus became established. The temporal pattern of conifer recruitment did not correspond to the record of strong wind events. Basal area increment in Abies firma and Castanopsis sieboldii trees increased throughout their lives, a trend not seen in the ring width index. Mean annual temperature was below the 100-year mean between 1920 and 1940 and 1960–1980, but increased rather abruptly after 1980. Mean annual precipitation decreased after 1960. Tree-ring releases are very common at the study forest, which are indicative of frequent small to moderate-sized disturbances. At least one release was recorded in every decade from 1890 to the present day, which is likely the primary causal factor promoting tree growth and recruitment. Our results suggest that early logging activities coupled with natural disturbances had a great influence on the developmental process and current structure of the study stand and that tree growth is varying in a manner consistent with forest dynamics.
{"title":"A Dendroecological Analysis of Forest Dynamics for Old-Growth Abies-Tsuga-Quercus on the Boso Peninsula, Southeastern Japan","authors":"M. Abrams, K. Umeki, C. Bouma, E. Nabeshima, Keisuke Toyama","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the composition, age- and size-structure, and tree-ring relationships for an old-growth, warm-temperate, mixed-evergreen forest at the University of Tokyo Chiba Forest, Japan. A total of 32 tree species were recorded, which was dominated by Abies firma and Quercus acuta. Tsuga sieboldii dominated the recruitment after 1850, followed by Abies firma. After 1920, many individuals of Castanopsis, Cinnamomum, Cleyera and Quercus became established. The temporal pattern of conifer recruitment did not correspond to the record of strong wind events. Basal area increment in Abies firma and Castanopsis sieboldii trees increased throughout their lives, a trend not seen in the ring width index. Mean annual temperature was below the 100-year mean between 1920 and 1940 and 1960–1980, but increased rather abruptly after 1980. Mean annual precipitation decreased after 1960. Tree-ring releases are very common at the study forest, which are indicative of frequent small to moderate-sized disturbances. At least one release was recorded in every decade from 1890 to the present day, which is likely the primary causal factor promoting tree growth and recruitment. Our results suggest that early logging activities coupled with natural disturbances had a great influence on the developmental process and current structure of the study stand and that tree growth is varying in a manner consistent with forest dynamics.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"59 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.113
P. Clark, J. Speer, L. J. Winship
Abstract We reconstruct pandora moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) outbreaks and climate from a 1572-year (435–2006 CE) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) chronology from a lava flow in central Oregon. We took samples from 128 living trees and remnant logs and crossdated the samples using skeleton plots and COFECHA for quality control. After cutting out and removing those time periods from the chronology during which insects become the main limiting factor to growth, we examine the response of tree rings to climate. Evidence of species longevity (up to 877 years), presence of periodic pandora moth defoliations (13 total), and a significant relationship with the Palmer Drought Severity Index were observed (R2 = 0.34, p < 0.001). Suppressions related to pandora moth outbreaks were recorded back to 618 CE, with a mean return interval of 104 years. Previous-fall to current-spring PDSI was reconstructed over 1376 years (630–2006 CE), where the most prolonged drought periods were 1136–1166 CE and the Dust Bowl 1924–1941. Our research documents longevity of ponderosa pine, resilience in the presence of multiple disturbances, and demonstrates a technique to separate insect outbreak signals from climate reconstructions in long chronologies while embracing the entire signal available in tree rings.
摘要本文从1572年(435-2006年)黄松(Pinus ponderosa Dougl)中重建了潘朵拉蛾(Coloradia pandora Blake)的爆发和气候。俄勒冈州中部熔岩流的年代学。我们采集了128棵活树和残木样本，并利用骨架图和COFECHA对样本进行了交叉年代测定，以进行质量控制。在从年表中剔除昆虫成为主要生长限制因素的时间段后，我们研究了树木年轮对气候的响应。物种寿命(可达877年)，存在周期性潘多拉蛾落叶(共13次)，并与Palmer干旱严重指数显著相关(R2 = 0.34, p < 0.001)。与潘朵拉蛾爆发有关的抑制可追溯到公元618年，平均回归间隔为104年。PDSI重建了1376年(公元630-2006年)，其中最长的干旱期是公元1136-1166年和1924-1941年的沙尘暴。我们的研究记录了黄松的寿命，在多种干扰存在下的恢复能力，并展示了一种技术，可以将昆虫爆发信号从长年表的气候重建中分离出来，同时包含树木年轮中可用的整个信号。
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Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.102
I. Panyushkina, S. Leavitt, W. N. Mode
Abstract Since the late 19th Century, geologists and naturalists working in the US Midwest have reported an abundance of tree macrofossils embedded in glacial and lacustrine deposits formed after the Last Glacial Maximum. The most widely-known of these sites is the Two Creeks type locality in Wisconsin. We report progress on development of a long tree-ring record from this subfossil wood in the US Great Lakes region, employing samples collected during a decade-long series of field campaigns at recently eroded lake shorelines, construction projects, and excavations, along with acquisition of archived samples collected from the 1950s to the 1980s during past lake erosion events. A previously-reported tree-ring chronology from the Two Creeks type locality reached ca. 250 years in length; here we used radiocarbon dates and tree-ring crossdating to develop a 1408-year tree-ring chronology (mainly spruce [Picea spp.] with some tamarack [Larix]) comprising a total of 135 overlapped tree-ring width series in three clusters from nine locations in eastern Wisconsin. The calendar age of the record is estimated with 46 14C dates to between 14,500 to 13,100 cal BP. This is currently the oldest and only long tree-ring record in North America from the boreal environments of the Bølling-Allerød warm period during the transition from the Late Glacial to the Holocene.
自19世纪末以来，在美国中西部工作的地质学家和博物学家报道了大量的树状巨化石嵌在末次盛冰期后形成的冰川和湖泊沉积物中。这些遗址中最广为人知的是威斯康辛州的两溪式遗址。我们报告了美国大湖地区这种亚化石木材的长树轮记录的发展进展，使用了在最近侵蚀的湖岸线，建设项目和挖掘中收集的长达十年的一系列野外活动中收集的样本，以及从20世纪50年代到80年代在过去的湖泊侵蚀事件中收集的存档样本。先前报道的两溪类型地区的树木年轮年表长度约为250年;在这里，我们使用放射性碳测年法和树木年轮交叉测年法建立了一个1408年的树木年轮年表(主要是云杉[云杉种]和一些柽柳[落叶松])，包括来自威斯康星州东部9个地点的三个集群的135个重叠的树木年轮宽度系列。该记录的日历年龄估计有46个14C日期在14500到13100 cal BP之间。这是目前北美地区最古老也是唯一一个来自晚冰期到全新世过渡时期b ølling- allero ød温暖期北方环境的长年轮记录。
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Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.91
T. Matheus, Justin T. Maxwell, G. Harley
Abstract Pinus edulis is one of the most ubiquitous tree species in the US Southwest. It accounts for over a fifth of the total number of trees in New Mexico alone. Its prevalence and relatively long-lived nature makes it an ideal candidate for dendroclimatological studies of the North American Monsoon. The problem occurs with delineating the boundary of the earlywood and latewood for sub-annual reconstructions. In this study, we present a novel method (“the resin duct method”) for delineating the latewood boundary using resin ducts of P. edulis from three sites in New Mexico. The climate sensitivity of partial ring widths of P. edulis is then explored and compared to co-occurring Pinus ponderosa, which has a clear latewood boundary. The method of using resin ducts for delineating latewood in P. edulis resulted in a statistically significant relationship when compared to the latewood widths of co-occurring P. ponderosa. Although we found a similar climate response of P. edulis when compared to P. ponderosa, P. edulis latewood was a poor predictor of North American Monsoon precipitation unlike P. ponderosa. However, P. edulis earlywood has a statistically significant correlation with cool-season precipitation, making it useful for cool-season climate reconstructions in the Southwest.
{"title":"A Method for Measuring Sub-Annual Ring Widths of Pinus Edulis for Seasonal Climate Reconstructions","authors":"T. Matheus, Justin T. Maxwell, G. Harley","doi":"10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pinus edulis is one of the most ubiquitous tree species in the US Southwest. It accounts for over a fifth of the total number of trees in New Mexico alone. Its prevalence and relatively long-lived nature makes it an ideal candidate for dendroclimatological studies of the North American Monsoon. The problem occurs with delineating the boundary of the earlywood and latewood for sub-annual reconstructions. In this study, we present a novel method (“the resin duct method”) for delineating the latewood boundary using resin ducts of P. edulis from three sites in New Mexico. The climate sensitivity of partial ring widths of P. edulis is then explored and compared to co-occurring Pinus ponderosa, which has a clear latewood boundary. The method of using resin ducts for delineating latewood in P. edulis resulted in a statistically significant relationship when compared to the latewood widths of co-occurring P. ponderosa. Although we found a similar climate response of P. edulis when compared to P. ponderosa, P. edulis latewood was a poor predictor of North American Monsoon precipitation unlike P. ponderosa. However, P. edulis earlywood has a statistically significant correlation with cool-season precipitation, making it useful for cool-season climate reconstructions in the Southwest.","PeriodicalId":54416,"journal":{"name":"Tree-Ring Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"101 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3959/1536-1098-73.2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49443920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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