Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/15206
S. Lucenti
The Yushe Basin (Shanxi, China) represent one of the most renowned location of China for Upper Miocene-Lower Pleistocene fossiliferous beds, with an outstanding record of vertebrates, often reference to other Asian localities. Fossils from the town of Xiakou are considered among the oldest records (late Gaozhuang-earliest Mazegouan) of Eucyon davisi in the Basin. Nevertheless, the study of some Early Pliocene specimens of this sample attributed to E. davisi possess several features typical of Vulpes. The revision of this material in comparison with that of other fossil fox species from Asia revealed the peculiarity of the Vulpes from Xiakou, both metrically and morphologically, leading to the description of a new species, Vulpes rooki sp. nov. Dental features and proportions suggest that this large-sized fox had probably a hypercarnivorous diet, unlike the similar-sized E. davisi. Following other results in literature, the considerably diverse fossil record of canids in the Yushe Basin supports the interpretation of niche partitioning among these species during the Early Pliocene.
{"title":"A NEW LARGE-SIZED PLIOCENE FOX (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE) FROM YUSHE BASIN (SHANXI, CHINA)","authors":"S. Lucenti","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/15206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/15206","url":null,"abstract":"The Yushe Basin (Shanxi, China) represent one of the most renowned location of China for Upper Miocene-Lower Pleistocene fossiliferous beds, with an outstanding record of vertebrates, often reference to other Asian localities. Fossils from the town of Xiakou are considered among the oldest records (late Gaozhuang-earliest Mazegouan) of Eucyon davisi in the Basin. Nevertheless, the study of some Early Pliocene specimens of this sample attributed to E. davisi possess several features typical of Vulpes. The revision of this material in comparison with that of other fossil fox species from Asia revealed the peculiarity of the Vulpes from Xiakou, both metrically and morphologically, leading to the description of a new species, Vulpes rooki sp. nov. Dental features and proportions suggest that this large-sized fox had probably a hypercarnivorous diet, unlike the similar-sized E. davisi. Following other results in literature, the considerably diverse fossil record of canids in the Yushe Basin supports the interpretation of niche partitioning among these species during the Early Pliocene.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42110959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-26DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/15124
O. Lambert, C. Muizon, R. Varas-Malca, M. Urbina, G. Bianucci
Among the many hyper-longirostrine dolphins (Odontoceti) from the Miocene, members of the family Eurhinodelphinidae bear two highly distinctive cranial features: a long and edentulous premaxillary portion of the rostrum and a mandible that is significantly shorter than the rostrum. Until now, unambiguously attributed members of this clade were only recorded from early to middle Miocene deposits of the North Atlantic realm (east coast U.S.A., North Sea Basin, and Mediterranean). In this work we describe and compare two partial skulls of longirostrine dolphins from late early Miocene (Burdigalian, 19.25-18 Ma) marine deposits of the Chilcatay Formation, in the East Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru), preserving rostral and mandibular material, as well as ear bones. Based on these specimens we report diagnostic remains attributable to this family for the first time for the whole Southern Hemisphere and the whole Pacific Ocean. This major expansion of eurhinodelphinids' palaeogeographic distribution contrasts with their proposed shallow-water, coastal environments; it suggests a new dispersal route for members of the family across the Central American Seaway; and it further highlights the similarities between the odontocete faunas of the southeastern Pacific and North Atlantic realm during the Miocene. Better-preserved eurhinodelphinid specimens from the odontocete-rich Chilcatay Formation will allow for a more detailed comparison with North Atlantic members of the family.
{"title":"EURHINODELPHINIDS FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF PERU: FIRST UNAMBIGUOUS RECORDS OF THESE HYPER-LONGIROSTRINE DOLPHINS OUTSIDE THE NORTH ATLANTIC REALM","authors":"O. Lambert, C. Muizon, R. Varas-Malca, M. Urbina, G. Bianucci","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/15124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/15124","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many hyper-longirostrine dolphins (Odontoceti) from the Miocene, members of the family Eurhinodelphinidae bear two highly distinctive cranial features: a long and edentulous premaxillary portion of the rostrum and a mandible that is significantly shorter than the rostrum. Until now, unambiguously attributed members of this clade were only recorded from early to middle Miocene deposits of the North Atlantic realm (east coast U.S.A., North Sea Basin, and Mediterranean). In this work we describe and compare two partial skulls of longirostrine dolphins from late early Miocene (Burdigalian, 19.25-18 Ma) marine deposits of the Chilcatay Formation, in the East Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru), preserving rostral and mandibular material, as well as ear bones. Based on these specimens we report diagnostic remains attributable to this family for the first time for the whole Southern Hemisphere and the whole Pacific Ocean. This major expansion of eurhinodelphinids' palaeogeographic distribution contrasts with their proposed shallow-water, coastal environments; it suggests a new dispersal route for members of the family across the Central American Seaway; and it further highlights the similarities between the odontocete faunas of the southeastern Pacific and North Atlantic realm during the Miocene. Better-preserved eurhinodelphinid specimens from the odontocete-rich Chilcatay Formation will allow for a more detailed comparison with North Atlantic members of the family.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44681993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/15010
Li Qiao, Bo Chen, S. Shen
Lower Devonian brachiopods in South China are very rare since most areas lack deposits owing to an uplift movement of the Guangxi (Caledonian) Orogeny. In this paper, we describe a brachiopod fauna consisting of 13 species in 12 genera from the Nagaoling Formation at the Dashatian section in the suburb area of the Nanning City, Guangxi, South China. This fauna is dominated by small rhynchonellide and spiriferide species, along with chonetidines, strophomenides, atrypides, athyridides and others. The early Pragian age for the brachiopod-bearing horizons in the Nagaoling Formation is constrained by the associated early Pragian conodonts Eognathodus sulcatus Zone. About 33% genera of the brachiopod fauna are endemic to South China, therefore they do not provide any clear evidence for its paleobiogeographical link to the faunas of Europe, Australia, or North America. This fauna is paleoecologically interpreted as being deposited in a shallow, oxygen-rich, low to moderate energy, subtidal palaeoenvironment in the early Pragian and it corresponds to the benthic assemblage BA2 to upper BA3
{"title":"LOWER DEVONIAN (PRAGIAN) BRACHIOPODS FROM THE DASHATIAN SECTION, GUANGXI, SOUTH CHINA","authors":"Li Qiao, Bo Chen, S. Shen","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/15010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/15010","url":null,"abstract":"Lower Devonian brachiopods in South China are very rare since most areas lack deposits owing to an uplift movement of the Guangxi (Caledonian) Orogeny. In this paper, we describe a brachiopod fauna consisting of 13 species in 12 genera from the Nagaoling Formation at the Dashatian section in the suburb area of the Nanning City, Guangxi, South China. This fauna is dominated by small rhynchonellide and spiriferide species, along with chonetidines, strophomenides, atrypides, athyridides and others. The early Pragian age for the brachiopod-bearing horizons in the Nagaoling Formation is constrained by the associated early Pragian conodonts Eognathodus sulcatus Zone. About 33% genera of the brachiopod fauna are endemic to South China, therefore they do not provide any clear evidence for its paleobiogeographical link to the faunas of Europe, Australia, or North America. This fauna is paleoecologically interpreted as being deposited in a shallow, oxygen-rich, low to moderate energy, subtidal palaeoenvironment in the early Pragian and it corresponds to the benthic assemblage BA2 to upper BA3","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/14185
Schwarzhans Werner, Agiadi Konstantina, G. Carnevale
The Lago Mare phase at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) in the Mediterranean has long been known for the Paratethyan affinities of its biota. The taxonomic level of these affinities and their origin, however, is subject to divergent interpretations. Here, we have studied otoliths of the Gobioidei from late Miocene and early Pliocene deposits from Italy and Greece and revised earlier studies including time-equivalent data from Romania and NW Turkey. Nowadays, gobies constitute the most speciose marine fish family in Europe and the most diverse endemic family in the Ponto-Caspian region. Furthermore, they are highly adapted to nearshore shallow marine, brackish, and freshwater environments, which makes them excellent candidates to explore short-term connections of waterways of different nature. The normal marine late Tortonian and pre-evaporitic Messinian deposits of the studied Italian and Greek locations contained a rich and diverse goby assamblage, but species with Paratethyan affinities were very rare and possibly originated from connections during the early Serravallian (late Badenian) and early Messinian (early Meotian). A rare fauna from a paralic environment from Cessaniti, Calabria, similar to the mangrove environments found in the present-day Guinea coastal area, revealed two species of the family Eleotridae and no gobies with Paratethyan affinities. Cessaniti provides a unique opportunity to recognize the presence of this type of environmental context with a unique gobioid assemblage in the Neogene of Europe. The shallow-water brackish-influenced sediments of Strada degli Archi just below the MSC show an increasing influence of Paratethyan gobiid taxa (Proterorhinus yigitbasi, Zosterisessor exsul n. sp.), which are not present in time-equivalent normal marine environments, but have also been identified in the Dacic Basin of Romania. Sediments of the stage 3 ot the MSC, especially those that accumulated during the Lago Mare event, were dominated by a diverse goby assemblage with Paratethyan affinities, while indigenous Mediterranean goby taxa disappeared probably because of the lack of suitable conditions for neritic demersal stenohaline fishes, except for the nektonic Aphia minuta. The sediments of the stage 3 of the MSC also included in one particular location and level the unusual Enigmacottus socialis n. gen., n. sp., a putative member of the family Psychrolutidae of uncertain origin, which constitutes about 70% of all otoliths obtained from that interval in Italy. Beginning with the Zanclean, the goby assemblage of the Mediterranean shows an almost exclusively Atlantic-Mediterranean composition. A total of 15 new species are described, 12 in the family Gobiidae, two of the Eleotridae, and one putative Psychrolutidae. The new taxa are: Eleotris omuamuaensis n. sp., Eleotris tyrrhenicus n. sp., Lesueurigobius stazzanensis n. sp., Gobius peloponnesus n. sp., Proterorhinus cretensis n. sp., Zosteri
地中海墨西尼亚盐度危机（MSC）结束时的Lago Mare阶段长期以来以其生物群的准特提斯亲缘关系而闻名。然而，这些亲缘关系的分类学水平及其起源有不同的解释。在这里，我们研究了意大利和希腊中新世晚期和上新世早期Gobioidei矿床的耳石，并修订了早期研究，包括罗马尼亚和土耳其西北部的时间等效数据。如今，虾虎鱼是欧洲种类最多的海鱼科，也是蓬托-里海地区种类最多的特有鱼类科。此外，它们高度适应近岸浅海、半咸水和淡水环境，这使它们成为探索不同性质水道短期连接的绝佳候选者。所研究的意大利和希腊地区的正常海洋-晚托托阶和前蒸发期-墨西阶沉积物包含丰富多样的虾虎鱼群落，但具有准特提斯亲缘关系的物种非常罕见，可能起源于塞拉瓦利亚早期（巴登尼亚晚期）和墨西阶早期（梅奥蒂亚早期）的连接。卡拉布里亚Cessanti的一种罕见的近海环境动物群，与现在几内亚沿海地区发现的红树林环境相似，揭示了Eleotridae科的两个物种，没有与Paratethyan有亲缘关系的虾虎鱼。Cessaniti提供了一个独特的机会，通过欧洲新近纪独特的类虾虎鱼组合来认识这种环境背景的存在。MSC正下方Strada degli Archi的浅水微咸水影响沉积物显示出副特提斯虾虎鱼类群（Proterorinus yigitbasi，Zosterisessor exsul n.sp.）的影响越来越大，它们不存在于时间等效的正常海洋环境中，但也在罗马尼亚达契奇盆地中被发现。MSC第3阶段的沉积物，特别是在Lago Mare事件期间积累的沉积物，主要由具有副特提斯亲缘关系的多样化虾虎鱼组合所主导，而地中海本地虾虎鱼类群的消失可能是因为缺乏适合浅海底层狭盐鱼类的条件，除了nektonic Aphia minuta。MSC第3阶段的沉积物也包括在一个特定的位置和水平面上的不寻常的Enigmacottus social n.gen.，n.sp.，它是来源不确定的Psychrolutidae家族的一个假定成员，约占意大利该区间获得的所有耳石的70%。从赞clean开始，地中海的虾虎鱼群落几乎完全由大西洋-地中海组成。共有15个新物种被描述，其中12个属于食蚊科，两个属于Eleotridae，一个被认为是Psychrolutidae。新分类群为：Eleotris omuamuaensis n.sp.，Eleotris tyrrhenicus n.sp.、Lesueurigobius stazzanensis n.sp、Gobius peloponnesus n.sp..、Proterohinus cretensis n.sp。，Hesperichthys gironeae n.sp.、Knipowitchia etrusca n.sp.和Enigmacottus social n.gen.et n.sp。
{"title":"Late Miocene-Early Pliocene evolution of Mediterranean gobies and their environmental and biogeographic significance","authors":"Schwarzhans Werner, Agiadi Konstantina, G. Carnevale","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/14185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/14185","url":null,"abstract":"The Lago Mare phase at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) in the Mediterranean has long been known for the Paratethyan affinities of its biota. The taxonomic level of these affinities and their origin, however, is subject to divergent interpretations. Here, we have studied otoliths of the Gobioidei from late Miocene and early Pliocene deposits from Italy and Greece and revised earlier studies including time-equivalent data from Romania and NW Turkey. Nowadays, gobies constitute the most speciose marine fish family in Europe and the most diverse endemic family in the Ponto-Caspian region. Furthermore, they are highly adapted to nearshore shallow marine, brackish, and freshwater environments, which makes them excellent candidates to explore short-term connections of waterways of different nature. \u0000 The normal marine late Tortonian and pre-evaporitic Messinian deposits of the studied Italian and Greek locations contained a rich and diverse goby assamblage, but species with Paratethyan affinities were very rare and possibly originated from connections during the early Serravallian (late Badenian) and early Messinian (early Meotian). A rare fauna from a paralic environment from Cessaniti, Calabria, similar to the mangrove environments found in the present-day Guinea coastal area, revealed two species of the family Eleotridae and no gobies with Paratethyan affinities. Cessaniti provides a unique opportunity to recognize the presence of this type of environmental context with a unique gobioid assemblage in the Neogene of Europe. The shallow-water brackish-influenced sediments of Strada degli Archi just below the MSC show an increasing influence of Paratethyan gobiid taxa (Proterorhinus yigitbasi, Zosterisessor exsul n. sp.), which are not present in time-equivalent normal marine environments, but have also been identified in the Dacic Basin of Romania. Sediments of the stage 3 ot the MSC, especially those that accumulated during the Lago Mare event, were dominated by a diverse goby assemblage with Paratethyan affinities, while indigenous Mediterranean goby taxa disappeared probably because of the lack of suitable conditions for neritic demersal stenohaline fishes, except for the nektonic Aphia minuta. The sediments of the stage 3 of the MSC also included in one particular location and level the unusual Enigmacottus socialis n. gen., n. sp., a putative member of the family Psychrolutidae of uncertain origin, which constitutes about 70% of all otoliths obtained from that interval in Italy. Beginning with the Zanclean, the goby assemblage of the Mediterranean shows an almost exclusively Atlantic-Mediterranean composition. \u0000 A total of 15 new species are described, 12 in the family Gobiidae, two of the Eleotridae, and one putative Psychrolutidae. The new taxa are: Eleotris omuamuaensis n. sp., Eleotris tyrrhenicus n. sp., Lesueurigobius stazzanensis n. sp., Gobius peloponnesus n. sp., Proterorhinus cretensis n. sp., Zosteri","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":"126 1","pages":"657-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43396464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/13421
P. Hochuli, E. Schneebeli-Hermann, P. Brack, K. Ramseyer, Daniel Rebetez
New Anisian to Ladinian palynology, palynofacies and stable carbon isotope records are reported for the Middle Triassic from deep Swiss wells (Weiach, Benken, Leuggern), well B3/13 (Weizen, S-Germany) and the type area of the Freudenstadt Formation in southern Germany. A wide spectrum of moderately to well-preserved palynomorphs represent a high Middle Triassic plant diversity. Based on the distribution of diverse spore-pollen assemblages five Anisian Palynozones (A–E) and two Ladinian ones (F, G) are differentiated. Throughout these Palynozones the occurrence of spores and pollen, assigned to plant groups so far known only from the Palaeozoic, shed a new light on the evolution of plant assemblages during the Triassic. The comparison of Palynozones A–G with palynostratigraphic schemes from the central part of the Germanic Basin and from the Tethyan realm demonstrate the regional variability of marker species ranges – especially for the Anisian. n agreement with the lithological record, two prominent transgressive events (Lower Muschelkalk, Upper Muschelkalk) are indicated by increased abundances of marine particulate organic matter in palynofacies data. Marginal marine influence is documented at the base of the studied interval, comprising the Buntsandstein and the base of the Lower Muschelkalk. Carbonate carbon isotopes data show a negative shift at the boundary between lower and middle Muschelkalk. Coincidently, a prominent change in relative abundances of climate-sensitive plant groups (e.g. Triadispora spp. vs. Pteridophytes) indicate a change to relatively dryer climatic conditions during the middle Muschelkalk.
本文报道了瑞士深井(Weiach, Benken, Leuggern)、B3/13井(德国南部Weizen)和德国南部Freudenstadt组类型区中三叠统新安尼期-拉底期孢粉学、孢粉相和稳定碳同位素记录。广泛的中三叠统至保存完好的地貌代表了高的植物多样性。根据不同孢粉组合的分布，划分出5个安尼西亚孢粉带(A-E)和2个拉甸孢粉带(F, G)。在这些孢粉带中，孢子和花粉的出现为三叠纪植物组合的进化提供了新的线索，这些孢子和花粉被分配给了迄今为止只从古生代发现的植物群。将孢粉带A-G与日耳曼盆地中部和特提斯王国的孢粉地层方案进行比较，证明了标记物种范围的区域差异，特别是对于阿尼西亚。与岩性记录一致，孢粉相资料中海相颗粒有机质丰度的增加表明了两次突出的海侵事件(下Muschelkalk、上Muschelkalk)。在研究区间的底部，包括Buntsandstein和Lower Muschelkalk底部，记录了边际海洋影响。碳酸盐岩碳同位素数据显示，在Muschelkalk的中下部边界处有负移。巧合的是，气候敏感植物类群的相对丰度的显著变化(如triadiispora spp. vs. teridophytes .)表明在Muschelkalk中期气候条件相对干燥。
{"title":"Palynology and Chemostratigraphy of Middle Triassic successions in Northern Switzerland (Weiach, Benken, Leuggern) and southern Germany (Weizen, Freudenstadt)","authors":"P. Hochuli, E. Schneebeli-Hermann, P. Brack, K. Ramseyer, Daniel Rebetez","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/13421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/13421","url":null,"abstract":"New Anisian to Ladinian palynology, palynofacies and stable carbon isotope records are reported for the Middle Triassic from deep Swiss wells (Weiach, Benken, Leuggern), well B3/13 (Weizen, S-Germany) and the type area of the Freudenstadt Formation in southern Germany. \u0000 \u0000A wide spectrum of moderately to well-preserved palynomorphs represent a high Middle Triassic plant diversity. Based on the distribution of diverse spore-pollen assemblages five Anisian Palynozones (A–E) and two Ladinian ones (F, G) are differentiated. Throughout these Palynozones the occurrence of spores and pollen, assigned to plant groups so far known only from the Palaeozoic, shed a new light on the evolution of plant assemblages during the Triassic. The comparison of Palynozones A–G with palynostratigraphic schemes from the central part of the Germanic Basin and from the Tethyan realm demonstrate the regional variability of marker species ranges – especially for the Anisian. \u0000 \u0000n agreement with the lithological record, two prominent transgressive events (Lower Muschelkalk, Upper Muschelkalk) are indicated by increased abundances of marine particulate organic matter in palynofacies data. Marginal marine influence is documented at the base of the studied interval, comprising the Buntsandstein and the base of the Lower Muschelkalk. Carbonate carbon isotopes data show a negative shift at the boundary between lower and middle Muschelkalk. Coincidently, a prominent change in relative abundances of climate-sensitive plant groups (e.g. Triadispora spp. vs. Pteridophytes) indicate a change to relatively dryer climatic conditions during the middle Muschelkalk.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":"5 1","pages":"363-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66213093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/13551
Ilja Kogan, A. Tintori, M. Licht
Starting in the Late Permian, the “Triassic osteichthyan revolution” gave rise to several new morphotypes of actinopterygians, including the iconic barracuda-shaped predator Saurichthys. About 50 species, from 10 cm to over 1.5 m long, are known from mainly marine deposits worldwide. Despite current interest in Saurichthys, freshwater species and those from late Middle to early Late Triassic remain understudied. We document the postcranial morphology of three small to mid-sized (15–45 cm) species from this timeframe represented by sufficiently complete individuals: Saurichthys orientalis Sytchevskaya, 1999, from lacustrine deposits of the Madygen Formation (late Ladinian/Carnian); S. striolatus (Bronn, 1858) from the fully marine Predil Limestone (early Carnian); and S. calcaratus Griffith, 1977, from the terrigenously influenced coastal environment of the Lunz Formation (middle Carnian). S. orientalis resembles early saurichthyids in having six rows of large, thick ganoid scales; fins with segmented lepidotrichia; and flank scales relating to dorsal vertebral elements as 1:2. S. calcaratus and S. striolatus share unsegmented fin rays and a reduced scale cover with well-ossified but narrow mid-dorsal and mid-ventral scales and small, thin flank scales, relating to the dorsal arcualia as 1:1. Ventral arcualia are first described for S. calcaratus and S. striolatus, where they change in shape and number at the abdominal-caudal transition. In all three species, force transmission to the tail fin is enhanced by the caudal peduncle strengthened by a stiff structure arising from interlocking or fusion of the last enlarged mid-dorsal and mid-ventral scales (scutes), while the vertebral column remains rather lightly built.
{"title":"LOCOMOTOR FUNCTION OF SCALES AND AXIAL SKELETON IN MIDDLE–LATE TRIASSIC SPECIES OF SAURICHTHYS (ACTINOPTERYGII)","authors":"Ilja Kogan, A. Tintori, M. Licht","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/13551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/13551","url":null,"abstract":"Starting in the Late Permian, the “Triassic osteichthyan revolution” gave rise to several new morphotypes of actinopterygians, including the iconic barracuda-shaped predator Saurichthys. About 50 species, from 10 cm to over 1.5 m long, are known from mainly marine deposits worldwide. Despite current interest in Saurichthys, freshwater species and those from late Middle to early Late Triassic remain understudied. We document the postcranial morphology of three small to mid-sized (15–45 cm) species from this timeframe represented by sufficiently complete individuals: Saurichthys orientalis Sytchevskaya, 1999, from lacustrine deposits of the Madygen Formation (late Ladinian/Carnian); S. striolatus (Bronn, 1858) from the fully marine Predil Limestone (early Carnian); and S. calcaratus Griffith, 1977, from the terrigenously influenced coastal environment of the Lunz Formation (middle Carnian). S. orientalis resembles early saurichthyids in having six rows of large, thick ganoid scales; fins with segmented lepidotrichia; and flank scales relating to dorsal vertebral elements as 1:2. S. calcaratus and S. striolatus share unsegmented fin rays and a reduced scale cover with well-ossified but narrow mid-dorsal and mid-ventral scales and small, thin flank scales, relating to the dorsal arcualia as 1:1. Ventral arcualia are first described for S. calcaratus and S. striolatus, where they change in shape and number at the abdominal-caudal transition. In all three species, force transmission to the tail fin is enhanced by the caudal peduncle strengthened by a stiff structure arising from interlocking or fusion of the last enlarged mid-dorsal and mid-ventral scales (scutes), while the vertebral column remains rather lightly built.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46767299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-21DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/13514
F. J. Poyato-Ariza
The diagnosis, composition, and phylogenetic relationships of the European subfamily Pycnodontinae are revised; its record is pushed back from the Cenozoic into the Mesozoic. The Pycnodontinae is confirmed as a monophyletic group. It is diagnosed by: thin, laminar supraoccipital exposed all along the posterior border of the skull roof; cleithrum with two posterior expansions framing the notch for the pectoral fin; reduction in the ossification of the flank scales (clathrate pattern); reduction of the preopercular into a very low bone, never higher than the exposed, ornamented portion of the dermohyomandibular; and presence of a bifid cloacal scale. The subfamily includes the tribe Pycnodontini (Pycnodus + Oropycnodus), Polazzodus, Sylvienodus, and Tergestinia. The former “Coelodus” gridellii is moved to Polazzodus gridellii n. comb. The Italian genera, Pycnodus, Polazzodus, and Tergestinia, form a monophyletic group together with the French Oropycnodus. The present analysis shows that Polazzodus, Sylvienodus, and Tergestinia are pycnodontin fishes, but. Haqelpycnodus, Libanopycnodus, Scalacurvichthys, and Sigmapycnodus do not belong to the Pycnodontinae. “Pseudopycnodus” and “P. nardoensis” are considered nomina dubia. This revision has revealed new aspects of the last known diversification in the evolutionary history of the Pycnodontiformes, showing that the group was still thriving in the Western Tethys during the Late Cretaceous. For the present analysis, additional arguments involving ontogenetic restrictions are provided to favour ordering multistate characters in pycnodonts.
{"title":"STUDIES ON PYCNODONT FISHES (II): REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY PYCNODONTINAE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITALIAN FORMS","authors":"F. J. Poyato-Ariza","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/13514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/13514","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis, composition, and phylogenetic relationships of the European subfamily Pycnodontinae are revised; its record is pushed back from the Cenozoic into the Mesozoic. The Pycnodontinae is confirmed as a monophyletic group. It is diagnosed by: thin, laminar supraoccipital exposed all along the posterior border of the skull roof; cleithrum with two posterior expansions framing the notch for the pectoral fin; reduction in the ossification of the flank scales (clathrate pattern); reduction of the preopercular into a very low bone, never higher than the exposed, ornamented portion of the dermohyomandibular; and presence of a bifid cloacal scale. The subfamily includes the tribe Pycnodontini (Pycnodus + Oropycnodus), Polazzodus, Sylvienodus, and Tergestinia. The former “Coelodus” gridellii is moved to Polazzodus gridellii n. comb. The Italian genera, Pycnodus, Polazzodus, and Tergestinia, form a monophyletic group together with the French Oropycnodus. The present analysis shows that Polazzodus, Sylvienodus, and Tergestinia are pycnodontin fishes, but. Haqelpycnodus, Libanopycnodus, Scalacurvichthys, and Sigmapycnodus do not belong to the Pycnodontinae. “Pseudopycnodus” and “P. nardoensis” are considered nomina dubia. This revision has revealed new aspects of the last known diversification in the evolutionary history of the Pycnodontiformes, showing that the group was still thriving in the Western Tethys during the Late Cretaceous. For the present analysis, additional arguments involving ontogenetic restrictions are provided to favour ordering multistate characters in pycnodonts.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43171568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/13450
A. D'alessandro, F. Massari
An integrated sedlmentologic and palaeoecologic approach is used to define the evolving Pliocene, Early and Middle Pleistocene depositional environments in the Pesculuse area. Lower Pliocene deposits show evidence of a quiet outer-shelf setting, apparently not affected by the physiography of the transgressed palaeotopography. In contrast, the onlap of Upper Pliocene carbonate deposits onto topographic highs testifies that sedlmentation was preceded by a block-faulting event. The Late Pliocene transgression flooded a subaerial karstic landscape. A ridge of Cretaceous limestone created a protected enuronment, In which wavy bedforms of exceptional scale, which are thought to result from tsunami surges, were generated and preserved. At this stage, different palaeocommunities settled in several shallow-water micro-environments.
{"title":"PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS IN THE PESCULUSE AREA (SALENTO, ITALY)","authors":"A. D'alessandro, F. Massari","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/13450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/13450","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated sedlmentologic and palaeoecologic approach is used to define the evolving Pliocene, Early and Middle Pleistocene depositional environments in the Pesculuse area. Lower Pliocene deposits show evidence of a quiet outer-shelf setting, apparently not affected by the physiography of the transgressed palaeotopography. In contrast, the onlap of Upper Pliocene carbonate deposits onto topographic highs testifies that sedlmentation was preceded by a block-faulting event. The Late Pliocene transgression flooded a subaerial karstic landscape. A ridge of Cretaceous limestone created a protected enuronment, In which wavy bedforms of exceptional scale, which are thought to result from tsunami surges, were generated and preserved. At this stage, different palaeocommunities settled in several shallow-water micro-environments.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48772308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/13425
W. Schwarzhans, Gary L. Stringer
Otolith assemblages have rarely been studied across the K-Pg boundary. The late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay of northeastern Texas and the Fox Hills Formation of North Dakota, and the early Danian Clayton Formation of Arkansas therefore offer new insights into how teleost fishes managed across the K-Pg boundary as reconstructed from their otoliths. The Kemp Clay contains 25 species, with 6 new species and 2 in open nomenclature and the Fox Hills Formation contains 4 species including 1 new species. The two otolith associations constitute the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) community. It contains the earliest unambiguous representatives of the Gadiformes (cods and hakes) and the Heterenchelyidae (mud eels). The WIS community differs significantly from other Maastrichtian otolith assemblages previously studied from Mississippi and Maryland, which constitute the Appalachian community, with only 4 shared species (similarity percentage of 7.3%) between both communities. The difference is interpreted to be related to cold-water influence in the WIS community, which may have still been connected to the Arctic Basin, and to the depostional environment (muddy bottom) in the Kemp Clay. The Kemp Clay is unusually rich in taxa that survived the end-Cretaceous extinction event and are still present in the Danian of the Clayton Formation, or, as the case may be, in the Danian and Selandian of the boreal northern European community known from Denmark. Approximately 54% of all otolith-based teleost species identified from the Maastrichtian WIS community survived the K-Pg boundary event (versus 11-12% in other communities) and 73% of the genera (versus 40-50% in other communities). The early Danian Clayton Formation contains an impoverished inherited association with 14 species, of which 11 are survivors from late Maastrichtian times, 1 species is new, and 2 remain in open nomenclature. This compares to a significantly higher degree of newly evolved species in only slightly younger faunas from the middle to late Danian and Selandian of Europe indicating an initially slow pace of recovery. The observed differences in survival and the composition of survived and extinct taxa are discussed in the light of the ongoing discussions concerning the consequences and effects that led to the end-Cretaceous extinction event commonly thought to have been caused by a large meteorite impact. In our assessment, an ‘impact winter’ could have had a major influence on the live cycle of tropical to subtropical fishes while perturbations in the pelagic food web or ocean surface acidification might have had a minor and more selective effect. Overall, teleost fishes were significantly affected by the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, but to a much lesser extent than in many other biota. This study provides more evidence of the importance of Late Cretaceous otolith assemblages in the USA for interpreting teleostean evolution. The newly described taxa are: E
{"title":"FISH OTOLITHS FROM THE LATE MAASTRICHTIAN KEMP CLAY (TEXAS, USA) AND THE EARLY DANIAN CLAYTON FORMATION (ARKANSAS, USA) AND AN ASSESSMENT OF EXTINCTION AND SURVIVAL OF TELEOST LINEAGES ACROSS THE K-PG BOUNDARY BASED ON OTOLITHS","authors":"W. Schwarzhans, Gary L. Stringer","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/13425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/13425","url":null,"abstract":"Otolith assemblages have rarely been studied across the K-Pg boundary. The late Maastrichtian Kemp Clay of northeastern Texas and the Fox Hills Formation of North Dakota, and the early Danian Clayton Formation of Arkansas therefore offer new insights into how teleost fishes managed across the K-Pg boundary as reconstructed from their otoliths. The Kemp Clay contains 25 species, with 6 new species and 2 in open nomenclature and the Fox Hills Formation contains 4 species including 1 new species. The two otolith associations constitute the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) community. It contains the earliest unambiguous representatives of the Gadiformes (cods and hakes) and the Heterenchelyidae (mud eels). The WIS community differs significantly from other Maastrichtian otolith assemblages previously studied from Mississippi and Maryland, which constitute the Appalachian community, with only 4 shared species (similarity percentage of 7.3%) between both communities. The difference is interpreted to be related to cold-water influence in the WIS community, which may have still been connected to the Arctic Basin, and to the depostional environment (muddy bottom) in the Kemp Clay. \u0000 The Kemp Clay is unusually rich in taxa that survived the end-Cretaceous extinction event and are still present in the Danian of the Clayton Formation, or, as the case may be, in the Danian and Selandian of the boreal northern European community known from Denmark. Approximately 54% of all otolith-based teleost species identified from the Maastrichtian WIS community survived the K-Pg boundary event (versus 11-12% in other communities) and 73% of the genera (versus 40-50% in other communities). The early Danian Clayton Formation contains an impoverished inherited association with 14 species, of which 11 are survivors from late Maastrichtian times, 1 species is new, and 2 remain in open nomenclature. This compares to a significantly higher degree of newly evolved species in only slightly younger faunas from the middle to late Danian and Selandian of Europe indicating an initially slow pace of recovery. \u0000 The observed differences in survival and the composition of survived and extinct taxa are discussed in the light of the ongoing discussions concerning the consequences and effects that led to the end-Cretaceous extinction event commonly thought to have been caused by a large meteorite impact. In our assessment, an ‘impact winter’ could have had a major influence on the live cycle of tropical to subtropical fishes while perturbations in the pelagic food web or ocean surface acidification might have had a minor and more selective effect. Overall, teleost fishes were significantly affected by the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, but to a much lesser extent than in many other biota. This study provides more evidence of the importance of Late Cretaceous otolith assemblages in the USA for interpreting teleostean evolution. \u0000 The newly described taxa are: E","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-03DOI: 10.13130/2039-4942/13224
J. Amalfitano, L. Giusberti, E. Fornaciari, G. Carnevale
The Bonarelli Level (BL) is a radiolarian-ichthyolithic, organic-rich marker bed that was deposited close to the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (CTB) representing the sedimentary expression of the global Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). In northeastern Italy this horizon yielded fossil remains documenting a rather diverse ichthyofauna. The assemblage was studied by Sorbini in 1976 based on material from a single locality, Cinto Euganeo. Subsequently, other localities yielding fish remains have been discovered. Our revision also includes fish remains from three new fish-bearing localities, the Carcoselle Quarry, the Valdagno-Schio tunnel and Quero other than those from Bomba Quarry near Cinto Eugeneo. At least 28 taxa were identified, including nine previously not reported from the Bonarelli Level, namely: Scapanorhynchus raphiodon, Cretalamna appendiculata, Archaeolamna kopingensis, ‘Nursallia’ tethysensis, Belonostomus sp., Dixonanogmius dalmatius, ‘Protosphyraena’ stebbingi and the beryciform Hoplopteryx sp. The overall assemblage mostly consists of crossognathiforms, tselfatiiforms and aulopiforms. A comparison of the taxonomic diversity with coeval assemblages evidences a general similarity with nearby western Tethyan fish assemblages and especially with the Jebel Tselfat ichthyofauna, although some of the taxa are exclusively shared with the assemblages of the boreal realm (English Chalk, Westphalia and Saxony). However, additional information would be necessary to more properly define the main global ichthyogeographic patterns during the Cenomanian.
{"title":"Upper Cenomanian fishes from the Bonarelli Level (OAE2) of northeastern Italy","authors":"J. Amalfitano, L. Giusberti, E. Fornaciari, G. Carnevale","doi":"10.13130/2039-4942/13224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2039-4942/13224","url":null,"abstract":"The Bonarelli Level (BL) is a radiolarian-ichthyolithic, organic-rich marker bed that was deposited close to the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (CTB) representing the sedimentary expression of the global Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). In northeastern Italy this horizon yielded fossil remains documenting a rather diverse ichthyofauna. The assemblage was studied by Sorbini in 1976 based on material from a single locality, Cinto Euganeo. Subsequently, other localities yielding fish remains have been discovered. Our revision also includes fish remains from three new fish-bearing localities, the Carcoselle Quarry, the Valdagno-Schio tunnel and Quero other than those from Bomba Quarry near Cinto Eugeneo. At least 28 taxa were identified, including nine previously not reported from the Bonarelli Level, namely: Scapanorhynchus raphiodon, Cretalamna appendiculata, Archaeolamna kopingensis, ‘Nursallia’ tethysensis, Belonostomus sp., Dixonanogmius dalmatius, ‘Protosphyraena’ stebbingi and the beryciform Hoplopteryx sp. The overall assemblage mostly consists of crossognathiforms, tselfatiiforms and aulopiforms. A comparison of the taxonomic diversity with coeval assemblages evidences a general similarity with nearby western Tethyan fish assemblages and especially with the Jebel Tselfat ichthyofauna, although some of the taxa are exclusively shared with the assemblages of the boreal realm (English Chalk, Westphalia and Saxony). However, additional information would be necessary to more properly define the main global ichthyogeographic patterns during the Cenomanian.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":"126 1","pages":"261-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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