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Contract farming and smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change and variability in northern Ghana 加纳北部的订单农业和小农对气候变化和多变性的适应能力
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02151-x
Frederick Dapilah
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of climate change on semi-natural alpine pastures productivity and floristic composition 气候变化对半自然高山牧场生产力和植物组成的影响
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02158-4
Ermes Movedi, Stefano Bocchi, L. Paleari, Fosco M. Vesely, Ilda Vagge, Roberto Confalonieri
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引用次数: 0
“Listen to us”: small-scale farmers’ understandings of social-ecological changes and their drivers in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems "倾听我们的声音":小农对重要农业遗产系统中社会生态变化及其驱动因素的理解
IF 4.2 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02145-9
Julián Caviedes, José Tomás Ibarra, Laura Calvet-Mir, A.B. Junqueira
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引用次数: 0
Himalaya to Hengduan: dynamics of alpine treelines under climate change 喜马拉雅至横断:气候变化下高山树木线的动态
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02153-9
Achyut Tiwari, Arjun Adhikari, Ze-Xin Fan, Shu-Feng Li, Alistair S. Jump, Zhe-Kun Zhou
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引用次数: 0
Walking back from the edge: thresholds of change reveal options for adaptation to water scarcity under climate change in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia 从边缘走回来:变化的阈值揭示了澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地气候变化下适应水资源短缺的选择
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02146-8
Ellen Lesslie, Matthew J. Colloff, Jamie Pittock
Abstract Climate change has increased the variability of river inflows in the Murray–Darling Basin, threatening the viability of irrigated agriculture, food processing industries and ecological condition of wetlands. With increasing water scarcity, decision-makers and communities face heightened contestation over scarce water resources and trade-offs and adaptation have become increasingly necessary. We used a social-ecological systems approach to identify thresholds of change in the Goulburn–Broken Catchment, a major food-producing region, to reveal options for adaptation to climate change. We developed systems models whereby feedbacks are identified between sub-systems of cultural paradigms, policies, human well-being and environmental condition. Models were constructed using data from semi-structured interviews with managers and decision-makers, industry reports and the scientific literature. We found environmental thresholds are fixed, but whether they are exceeded is socially determined. Environmental condition can be maintained by relaxing constraints on volumes of water released into the highly regulated river system and easing rules on the distribution of water among users in the dairy and horticulture industries. Socio-economic thresholds were more flexible. Industries have adapted to water scarcity through irrigation efficiency measures, inter-industry relationships for water-sharing and feed substitutes in dairy production. However, industry interdependence indicates potential for maladaption, whereas investment in adaptation and diversification offers more sustainable options. Current policy and management disconnects between water for the environment and water for food production reveal opportunities for co-benefits between environmental and socio-economic domains. Realising these benefits requires a systemic, inclusive adaptation pathways approach to design and implement options for change.
气候变化增加了墨累—达令流域河流流入的变异性,威胁着灌溉农业、食品加工业的生存能力和湿地的生态状况。随着水资源日益短缺,决策者和社区面临着对稀缺水资源的日益激烈的争论,权衡和适应变得越来越必要。我们使用社会生态系统方法来确定主要粮食产区Goulburn-Broken集水区的变化阈值,以揭示适应气候变化的选择。我们开发了系统模型,据此在文化范例、政策、人类福祉和环境条件的子系统之间识别反馈。模型的构建使用了对管理者和决策者的半结构化访谈、行业报告和科学文献的数据。我们发现环境阈值是固定的,但是否被超越是由社会决定的。环境状况可以通过放松对排入高度管制的河流系统的水量的限制,以及放松对乳业和园艺工业用户用水分配的规定来维持。社会经济门槛更加灵活。通过灌溉效率措施、行业间水资源共享关系和乳制品生产中的饲料替代品,工业已经适应了水资源短缺。然而,行业之间的相互依赖表明存在适应不良的可能性,而对适应和多样化的投资则提供了更可持续的选择。当前的环境用水和粮食生产用水之间的政策和管理脱节揭示了环境和社会经济领域之间共同利益的机会。要实现这些效益,就需要采用系统的、包容性的适应途径方法来设计和实施变革方案。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial and temporal patterns of nutrients and their environmental impacts from the agriculture sector in India 印度农业部门营养物质的时空格局及其对环境的影响
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02137-9
Lilian Bode, Arthur H. W. Beusen, Stefan C. Dekker, Alexander F. Bouwman
Abstract Since the launch of the Green Revolution (GR) in Indian agriculture in the 1960s, Indian food production has successfully become self-sufficient but this has also led to increasing soil nitrogen (N) surpluses and various negative environmental impacts, such as NH 3 emissions. Using the IMAGE Global Nutrient Model, this study explores the development of food production, soil N surpluses and associated NH 3 emissions in India during the GR; the use of subnational data for compiling spatially explicit maps of N inputs (N fertilizers, manure N, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition) and outputs (crop harvest, grazing) was compared with results using country-scale data. The results show that in the period 1960–2010 food production growth was dramatic (374%), particularly in the region of the GR states (Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh). This production increase was primarily based on spectacular increases in crop yields and N inputs. However, due to slowly changing nutrient use efficiency, N surpluses and associated NH 3 emissions increased rapidly, with hotspots especially in the GR states. Maps using data at subnational scale yield a better representation of spatial heterogeneities of the soil N surpluses, emissions and environmental impacts than maps based on country data. This is beneficial for effect calculations, as the location of negative environmental side effects strongly depends on the location of soil N and P surpluses.
自20世纪60年代印度农业启动绿色革命(GR)以来,印度粮食生产成功实现了自给自足,但这也导致了土壤氮(N)过剩的增加和各种负面环境影响,如nh3排放。利用IMAGE全球营养模型,本研究探讨了GR期间印度粮食生产的发展、土壤N过剩和相关的nh3排放;利用次国家级数据编制氮输入(氮肥、粪肥、生物固氮、大气沉降)和输出(作物收获、放牧)的空间明确地图,并与使用国家级数据的结果进行了比较。结果表明,1960年至2010年期间粮食产量增长显著(374%),特别是在GR邦(旁遮普邦、哈里亚纳邦和西部北方邦)地区。产量的增加主要是由于作物产量和氮肥投入的显著增加。然而,由于养分利用效率变化缓慢,氮肥剩余量和相应的nh3排放量迅速增加,特别是在GR州。与基于国家数据的地图相比,使用次国家尺度数据的地图能更好地反映土壤氮盈余、排放和环境影响的空间异质性。这有利于效应计算,因为负面环境副作用的位置在很大程度上取决于土壤N和P盈余的位置。
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引用次数: 0
Using social network analysis to track the evolution of Pacific food system research collaborations over time 利用社会网络分析跟踪太平洋粮食系统研究合作的演变
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02148-6
Rachel S. Friedman, Ellis Mackenzie, Asenati L. Chan-Tung, Matthew G. Allen, Steven Crimp
Abstract Climate change undermines the foundations of food and nutrition security, making it crucial to understand and improve the current research collaborations striving to fill knowledge gaps about the impacts on food systems. This study focuses on the network of research actors working on food systems and climate change in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), a region particularly vulnerable to climate change, and actively integrating knowledge about climate impacts to inform adaptation planning. Specifically, this study looks at co-publication as a form of research collaboration and co-production, using network analysis to understand who are the prominent organizational actors driving knowledge development in the region. Overall, we found a distinct core of these organizations engaged in the research space, dominated in number by academic institutions largely based in Australia, the USA, and New Zealand, but knit together through the interactions of the regional government agencies of the Pacific Islands. Over time, the network of research collaboration on climate change and food systems in the region has grown and diversified. While regional Pacific institutions have remained central actors throughout, national and subnational actors are still in the minority, raising questions about efforts to decolonize research in the region. Furthermore, greater interaction between peripheral actors and the core (especially Pacific actors) could help integrate new research into Pacific knowledge bases and decision-making. Ultimately, when facing the novel conditions that climate change brings, combining the infusion of new knowledge and innovation with local expertise and ownership is critical.
气候变化破坏了粮食和营养安全的基础,因此了解和改进当前努力填补有关气候变化对粮食系统影响的知识空白的研究合作变得至关重要。本研究的重点是太平洋岛屿国家和领土(PICTs)(一个特别容易受到气候变化影响的地区)的粮食系统和气候变化研究参与者网络,并积极整合有关气候影响的知识,为适应规划提供信息。具体而言,本研究将共同出版视为一种研究合作和共同生产的形式,使用网络分析来了解谁是推动该地区知识发展的主要组织参与者。总的来说,我们发现这些从事研究领域的组织有一个独特的核心,在数量上由主要位于澳大利亚、美国和新西兰的学术机构主导,但通过太平洋岛屿地区政府机构的互动联系在一起。随着时间的推移,该地区气候变化和粮食系统研究合作网络不断发展和多样化。虽然太平洋区域机构始终是中心行为体,但国家和次国家行为体仍然是少数,这对该区域非殖民化研究的努力提出了问题。此外,外围行为体和核心行为体(特别是太平洋行为体)之间更大的相互作用有助于将新的研究纳入太平洋的知识库和决策。最后,当面对气候变化带来的新情况时,将新知识和创新的注入与当地的专业知识和所有权相结合是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of different modern irrigation system adopters through socio-economic, innovation characteristics and social capital values 通过社会经济、创新特征和社会资本价值对不同现代灌溉系统采用者进行比较
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02147-7
Masoud Yazdanpanah, Tahereh Zobeidi, Abbas Mirzaei, Katharina Löhr, Laura A. Warner, Alexa Lamm, Davoud Rouzaneh, Stefan Sieber
Abstract Diffusion of modern irrigation systems is one of the most important objectives of Iranian water policies targeting the sustainable use of water resources to resolve the water crisis. Despite considerable policy support, high subsidization, and a range of benefits, farmers have only minimally adopted modern irrigation systems in most parts of Iran. Therefore, the water crisis persists in almost all parts of the country. Thus, decision makers must recognize why diffusion of these systems has not been successful among farmers despite strong financial and political support. The aim of the current study was to investigate differences between adoption groups of modern irrigation systems and more critically whether the aspects affecting approval were altered by ongoing diffusion prejudiced by policy support. In other words, we explored the postponement of adoption among the early and the later adopters of modern irrigation systems and aimed to identify reasons behind different adoption behaviors. To achieve these aims, we developed a research framework of adoption that integrates multiple theories. In addition to the already established measures (human and physical capital), the current study integrated social capital and technology characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Behbahan district in Khuzestan province southwest Iran. A total of 274 farmers were interviewed, of which 100 farmers had not and 174 farmers had adopted modern irrigation systems. A multinomial logit model was applied by using STATA 14 to identify the most effective factors for farmers’ adoption decisions. We distinguished four groups; three consisted of adopters (early, middle, and late adopters) and a fourth group of non-adopters who did not accept modern irrigation technologies. The study found that farmers’ delayed adoption of drip irrigation technologies was due to the complexity of the application process and the availability of family and work social capital. Additionally, the study suggested that improved trust in institutions could increase the likelihood of earlier adoption of these technologies. The results also revealed divergent perspectives among pioneer (early adopters), follower (middle adopter), and laggard (late adopter) farmers regarding the adoption of drip irrigation technologies.
现代灌溉系统的扩散是伊朗水政策最重要的目标之一,目标是可持续利用水资源来解决水危机。尽管有大量的政策支持、高额补贴和一系列福利,但在伊朗大部分地区,农民只最低限度地采用了现代灌溉系统。因此,水危机在该国几乎所有地区都持续存在。因此,决策者必须认识到,尽管有强有力的财政和政治支持,但这些系统在农民中的推广没有成功的原因。本研究的目的是调查采用现代灌溉系统的群体之间的差异,更关键的是,影响批准的方面是否因政策支持的偏见而不断扩散而改变。换句话说,我们探讨了早期和后期采用现代灌溉系统的人推迟采用的原因,旨在找出不同采用行为背后的原因。为了实现这些目标,我们开发了一个整合多种理论的收养研究框架。除了已有的衡量标准(人力资本和物质资本)外,本研究还整合了社会资本和技术特征。在伊朗西南部胡齐斯坦省的Behbahan区进行了横断面调查。总共采访了274名农民,其中100名农民没有采用现代灌溉系统,174名农民采用了现代灌溉系统。利用STATA - 14,运用多项逻辑模型确定影响农民收养决策的最有效因素。我们将其分为四组;三组由采用者(早期、中期和晚期采用者)和第四组不接受现代灌溉技术的非采用者组成。研究发现,农民延迟采用滴灌技术是由于应用程序的复杂性以及家庭和工作社会资本的可用性。此外,研究表明,提高对机构的信任可以增加早期采用这些技术的可能性。结果还揭示了先驱者(早期采用者)、追随者(中间采用者)和落后者(后期采用者)在采用滴灌技术方面的不同观点。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing carbon sequestration in a high-diversity restoration plantation in the Atlantic Forest of southwestern Brazil 巴西西南部大西洋森林高多样性恢复人工林的碳固存评估
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02141-z
Bruna Elisa Trentin, Fernando Campanhã Bechara, Luciano Farinha Watzlawick, Mauricio Romero Gorenstein, Daniel J. Johnson
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引用次数: 0
Net water flux and land use shifts across the Brazilian Cerrado between 2000 and 2019 2000年至2019年间巴西塞拉多地区的净水通量和土地利用变化
2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02127-x
César de Oliveira Ferreira Silva, Rodrigo Lilla Manzione, Marcellus Marques Caldas
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Regional Environmental Change
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