Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1721
K. Rowe, H. Soini, K. Rowe, M. Adams, M. Novotny
Odorant cues play a critical role in premating isolation among many species. In mammals, they have been most well-studied in rodents, but only in a handful of species. The genus Rattus is one of the most species-rich genera of mammals, with a natural distribution from Asia to Australia and a nearly global distribution for a few species that spread through human commensalism. More than one-third of Rattus species are the result of a recent and rapid radiation on continental Australia (Sahul) centred on the island of New Guinea. The two most widespread species resulting from this radiation, Rattus fuscipes and Rattus leucopus, occur sympatrically in the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. Despite their recent divergence, morphological similarity, and ability to produce fertile offspring in captivity, hybrids of the two species have not been reported in the wild, suggesting that premating isolation mechanisms maintain the species’ boundaries. Odorant cues are a plausible mechanism that these species could use to identify mates of the same species, but the chemical composition of their odours has not been characterized. With allozyme data from 166 specimens of the two species we confirmed the absence of gene flow between the species in sympatry. From chemical analysis of preputial glands of 32 males from sympatric and allopatric populations of the two species we identified 120 volatile organic compounds of which 80 were reliably quantitated for statistical analysis. Some of these chemicals have been indicated as signalling compounds in other species of mammals, including seven thiazolines. Among them two (2-sec-butylthiazoline and 2-isopropythiazoline) have been previously detected in a rodent, the House Mouse, Mus musculus, and are involved in social interactions including attracting females. We demonstrate that R. fuscipes and R. leucopus are quantitatively and qualitatively distinguishable by the chemical composition of their preputial gland secretions. In comparison to allopatric subspecies, sympatric species contained more unique chemical compounds and a higher abundance of compounds overall, suggesting that sympatric populations have more complex and concentrated odours. Together these results indicate that odorant chemistry has evolved rapidly in these two species, with substantial differences among species and subspecies, especially in sympatry. Ultimately, the rapid evolution of chemical signals involved in mate recognition may help to explain the exceptional diversity of species in the genus Rattus. Records of the Australian Museum a peer-reviewed open-access journal published by the Australian Museum, Sydney communicating knowledge derived from our collections ISSN 0067-1975 (print), 2201-4349 (online) 272 Records of the Australian Museum (2020) Vol. 72
{"title":"Odorants differentiate Australian Rattus with increased complexity in sympatry","authors":"K. Rowe, H. Soini, K. Rowe, M. Adams, M. Novotny","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1721","url":null,"abstract":"Odorant cues play a critical role in premating isolation among many species. In mammals, they have been most well-studied in rodents, but only in a handful of species. The genus Rattus is one of the most species-rich genera of mammals, with a natural distribution from Asia to Australia and a nearly global distribution for a few species that spread through human commensalism. More than one-third of Rattus species are the result of a recent and rapid radiation on continental Australia (Sahul) centred on the island of New Guinea. The two most widespread species resulting from this radiation, Rattus fuscipes and Rattus leucopus, occur sympatrically in the Wet Tropics region of Queensland, Australia. Despite their recent divergence, morphological similarity, and ability to produce fertile offspring in captivity, hybrids of the two species have not been reported in the wild, suggesting that premating isolation mechanisms maintain the species’ boundaries. Odorant cues are a plausible mechanism that these species could use to identify mates of the same species, but the chemical composition of their odours has not been characterized. With allozyme data from 166 specimens of the two species we confirmed the absence of gene flow between the species in sympatry. From chemical analysis of preputial glands of 32 males from sympatric and allopatric populations of the two species we identified 120 volatile organic compounds of which 80 were reliably quantitated for statistical analysis. Some of these chemicals have been indicated as signalling compounds in other species of mammals, including seven thiazolines. Among them two (2-sec-butylthiazoline and 2-isopropythiazoline) have been previously detected in a rodent, the House Mouse, Mus musculus, and are involved in social interactions including attracting females. We demonstrate that R. fuscipes and R. leucopus are quantitatively and qualitatively distinguishable by the chemical composition of their preputial gland secretions. In comparison to allopatric subspecies, sympatric species contained more unique chemical compounds and a higher abundance of compounds overall, suggesting that sympatric populations have more complex and concentrated odours. Together these results indicate that odorant chemistry has evolved rapidly in these two species, with substantial differences among species and subspecies, especially in sympatry. Ultimately, the rapid evolution of chemical signals involved in mate recognition may help to explain the exceptional diversity of species in the genus Rattus. Records of the Australian Museum a peer-reviewed open-access journal published by the Australian Museum, Sydney communicating knowledge derived from our collections ISSN 0067-1975 (print), 2201-4349 (online) 272 Records of the Australian Museum (2020) Vol. 72","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1728
Sally Brockwell, K. Aplin
This paper describes the faunal record from a late Holocene archaeological site located on the freshwater wetlands of the South Alligator River and compares it with that from the Adelaide River, in the Northern Territory. The information characterizes freshwater wetland resources and their use by Aboriginal people, providing a snapshot of life on the floodplains immediately prior to European contact. Although the two wetland systems appear similar, and extractive technology in the form of bone points is also similar, the faunal assemblages show that Aboriginal hunting strategies differed between the two areas. These differences can be explained by variations in regional topography and seasonality of site use.
{"title":"Fauna on the floodplains: late Holocene culture and landscape on the sub-coastal plains of northern Australia","authors":"Sally Brockwell, K. Aplin","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1728","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the faunal record from a late Holocene archaeological site located on the freshwater wetlands of the South Alligator River and compares it with that from the Adelaide River, in the Northern Territory. The information characterizes freshwater wetland resources and their use by Aboriginal people, providing a snapshot of life on the floodplains immediately prior to European contact. Although the two wetland systems appear similar, and extractive technology in the form of bone points is also similar, the faunal assemblages show that Aboriginal hunting strategies differed between the two areas. These differences can be explained by variations in regional topography and seasonality of site use.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42084161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723
G. Price, Jonathan Cramb, Julien Louys, K. Travouillon, Eleanor M. A. Pease, Yue‐xing Feng, Jian-xin Zhao, Douglas Irvin
Two new fossil deposits from caves of the Broken River area, northeast Queensland, provide the first regional records of vertebrate species turnover and extinction through the late Quaternary. Fossil assemblages from Big Ho and Beehive Caves are dominated by small-bodied vertebrates, especially mammals. They represent owl roost deposits, although limited presence of larger-bodied taxa such as macropodids may be the result of occasional pitfall trapping. U-series dating demonstrates that Big Ho dates to the penultimate glacial cycle (c. 165 ka) and Beehive to the early Holocene (c. 8.5 ka). A total of 34 mammalian taxa were identified; within the two deposits, seven taxa are unique to Big Ho and another seven are found only in Beehive. The deposits also preserve five extinct fossil taxa (bandicoots and rodents) that add to a growing list of small-bodied species known to have suffered extinction in the late Quaternary. The deposits further yield the remains of four species of bandicoots and rodents (Chaeropus yirratji, Notomys longicaudatus, Conilurus albipes, and Pseudomys gouldii) that suffered extinction postEuropean colonization. These new fossil records represent significant increases in the known geographic and temporal range of several species and begin to fill an important gap in our understanding of the faunal history of tropical northeast Australia. Records of the Australian Museum (2020) vol. 72, issue no. 5, pp. 193–206 https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723 Records of the Australian Museum a peer-reviewed open-access journal published by the Australian Museum, Sydney communicating knowledge derived from our collections ISSN 0067-1975 (print), 2201-4349 (online)
{"title":"Late Quaternary fossil vertebrates of the Broken River karst area, northern Queensland, Australia","authors":"G. Price, Jonathan Cramb, Julien Louys, K. Travouillon, Eleanor M. A. Pease, Yue‐xing Feng, Jian-xin Zhao, Douglas Irvin","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723","url":null,"abstract":"Two new fossil deposits from caves of the Broken River area, northeast Queensland, provide the first regional records of vertebrate species turnover and extinction through the late Quaternary. Fossil assemblages from Big Ho and Beehive Caves are dominated by small-bodied vertebrates, especially mammals. They represent owl roost deposits, although limited presence of larger-bodied taxa such as macropodids may be the result of occasional pitfall trapping. U-series dating demonstrates that Big Ho dates to the penultimate glacial cycle (c. 165 ka) and Beehive to the early Holocene (c. 8.5 ka). A total of 34 mammalian taxa were identified; within the two deposits, seven taxa are unique to Big Ho and another seven are found only in Beehive. The deposits also preserve five extinct fossil taxa (bandicoots and rodents) that add to a growing list of small-bodied species known to have suffered extinction in the late Quaternary. The deposits further yield the remains of four species of bandicoots and rodents (Chaeropus yirratji, Notomys longicaudatus, Conilurus albipes, and Pseudomys gouldii) that suffered extinction postEuropean colonization. These new fossil records represent significant increases in the known geographic and temporal range of several species and begin to fill an important gap in our understanding of the faunal history of tropical northeast Australia. Records of the Australian Museum (2020) vol. 72, issue no. 5, pp. 193–206 https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1723 Records of the Australian Museum a peer-reviewed open-access journal published by the Australian Museum, Sydney communicating knowledge derived from our collections ISSN 0067-1975 (print), 2201-4349 (online)","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1733
W. Breed, C. Leigh, E. Peirce
{"title":"Reproductive biology of the mice and rats (family Muridae) in New Guinea—diversity and evolution","authors":"W. Breed, C. Leigh, E. Peirce","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1725
G. Frankham, L. Neaves, M. Eldridge
Bass Strait is an important biogeographic barrier for Australian mammals, often resulting in significant genetic differentiation between populations on the mainland and Tasmania for species with a trans-Bassian distribution. King and Flinders Islands, in Bass Strait, are the largest remnants of the land bridge that once linked Tasmania with mainland Australia. Due to their remote locality and habitat loss on the islands since European settlement, little is known about the evolutionary movements of species across the former land bridge. Here we present genetic data, generated from museum skins, on the King and Flinders Island populations of Long-nosed Potoroo, Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) to investigate their affinities with other populations of this species. We also assessed the validity of the subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963 described from King Island. Analysis of two partial mitochondrial DNA genes (CO1, ND2) indicate that potoroos on King and Flinders Islands are more closely related to Tasmanian rather than mainland potoroo populations. Molecular and morphological data from the holotype and paratype of Potorous tridactylus benormi does not support separate taxonomic status and places it within the Tasmanian subspecies Potorous tridactylus apicalis (Gould, 1851).
{"title":"Genetic relationships of Long-nosed Potoroos Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) from the Bass Strait Islands, with notes on the subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963","authors":"G. Frankham, L. Neaves, M. Eldridge","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1725","url":null,"abstract":"Bass Strait is an important biogeographic barrier for Australian mammals, often resulting in significant genetic differentiation between populations on the mainland and Tasmania for species with a trans-Bassian distribution. King and Flinders Islands, in Bass Strait, are the largest remnants of the land bridge that once linked Tasmania with mainland Australia. Due to their remote locality and habitat loss on the islands since European settlement, little is known about the evolutionary movements of species across the former land bridge. Here we present genetic data, generated from museum skins, on the King and Flinders Island populations of Long-nosed Potoroo, Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) to investigate their affinities with other populations of this species. We also assessed the validity of the subspecies Potorous tridactylus benormi Courtney, 1963 described from King Island. Analysis of two partial mitochondrial DNA genes (CO1, ND2) indicate that potoroos on King and Flinders Islands are more closely related to Tasmanian rather than mainland potoroo populations. Molecular and morphological data from the holotype and paratype of Potorous tridactylus benormi does not support separate taxonomic status and places it within the Tasmanian subspecies Potorous tridactylus apicalis (Gould, 1851).","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1731
Jonathan Cramb, S. Hocknull, G. Price
The first fossil species of Uromys (Giant Naked-tailed Rats) is described, as well as the southernmost records of the genus based on palaeontological data. Uromys aplini sp. nov. lived during the Middle Pleistocene in the area around Mount Etna, eastern central Queensland, but was probably driven extinct by climate-mediated habitat loss sometime after 205 ka but before c. 90 ka. A second species, the extant U. caudimaculatus, occurred in the area during the Late Pleistocene, but became locally extinct prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. These fossils indicate an unexpectedly high diversity of species of Uromys in Australia, suggesting a long occupation of the continent. Phylogenetic analysis places U. aplini together with other species of Uromys endemic to Australia, at the base of the radiation of the genus. This may indicate that the initial diversification of Uromys occurred in Australia rather than New Guinea, as has previously been thought. These new Quaternary records of Uromys occur approximately 550 km south of the southern-most modern record for the genus, indicating that Uromys was able to cross the southern St Lawrence biogeographic barrier, possibly twice during the Pleistocene.
{"title":"Fossil Uromys (Rodentia: Murinae) from central Queensland, with a description of a new Middle Pleistocene species","authors":"Jonathan Cramb, S. Hocknull, G. Price","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1731","url":null,"abstract":"The first fossil species of Uromys (Giant Naked-tailed Rats) is described, as well as the southernmost records of the genus based on palaeontological data. Uromys aplini sp. nov. lived during the Middle Pleistocene in the area around Mount Etna, eastern central Queensland, but was probably driven extinct by climate-mediated habitat loss sometime after 205 ka but before c. 90 ka. A second species, the extant U. caudimaculatus, occurred in the area during the Late Pleistocene, but became locally extinct prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. These fossils indicate an unexpectedly high diversity of species of Uromys in Australia, suggesting a long occupation of the continent. Phylogenetic analysis places U. aplini together with other species of Uromys endemic to Australia, at the base of the radiation of the genus. This may indicate that the initial diversification of Uromys occurred in Australia rather than New Guinea, as has previously been thought. These new Quaternary records of Uromys occur approximately 550 km south of the southern-most modern record for the genus, indicating that Uromys was able to cross the southern St Lawrence biogeographic barrier, possibly twice during the Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1730
Julien Louys, Michael B. Herrera, V. Thomson, A. Wiewel, S. Donnellan, S. O’Connor, K. Aplin
The Nusa Tenggara island chain consists of an archipelago that runs roughly east-west in eastern Indonesia. As part of Wallacea, it has never been connected to any continental landmass, and has been subject to a variety of biological invasions that have populated the islands. Here, we examine the craniometric and molecular genetic records of several species of Rattus sensu lato in the island chain. We use the predictions of expanding population edge phenotypic selection in an effort to understand the movement of Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans through the archipelago. We also examine the mitochondrial haplotype networks of R. argentiventer, R. exulans, and the R. rattus Complex (RrC) and microsatellite allele frequency clustering patterns for the RrC, to examine relationships within and between Nusa Tenggara populations, and those of Asia and the Pacific where relevant for each taxon. In the RrC LIV and RrC LII haplotype networks, 20 haplotypes with seven from Nusa Tenggara were observed for RrC LIV, and 100 haplotypes with seven from Nusa Tenggara observed for RrC LII. The top performing RrC craniometric model had a negative association between size and distance from the easternmost point of the samples from Nusa Tenggara, consistent with increasing size moving west to east. The cytochrome b network for the R. exulans sequences comprised 14 haplotypes, with three observed from mainland Southeast Asia, one shared with Nusa Tenggara and regions further east, and another haplotype observed in Nusa Tenggara and in the Pacific. The R. exulans craniometric model selection produced four equally well performing models, with no migration scenario preferred. Finally, the haplotype network of R. argentiventer comprised 10 haplotypes, with six observed in Nusa Tenggara, including a relatively early cluster from the east of the archipelago. Our results are compatible with a polyphasic and polydirectional invasion of Nusa Tenggara by Rattus, likely beginning with RrC from the west to the east, an expansion of R. exulans from Flores, seemingly in no preferred overall direction, and finally the invasion of R. argentiventer from the east to the west. We find some support for the Dong Son drum maritime exchange network contributing to the distribution of the latter species.
努沙登加拉岛链由一个群岛组成，在印度尼西亚东部大致是东西走向的。作为Wallacea的一部分，它从未与任何大陆相连，并且一直受到各种生物入侵的影响。在此，我们研究了岛链上几种Rattus sensu lato的颅骨测量和分子遗传记录。我们利用扩展种群边缘表型选择的预测来理解Rattus Rattus和exulans Rattus在群岛中的运动。我们还研究了argentiventer, R. exulans和R. rattus Complex (RrC)的线粒体单倍型网络和RrC的微卫星等位基因频率聚类模式，以研究努沙登加拉种群内部和之间的关系，以及亚洲和太平洋地区与每个分类单元相关的种群。在RrC LIV和RrC LII单倍型网络中，RrC LIV共检测到20个单倍型，其中7个来自努沙登加拉;RrC LII共检测到100个单倍型，其中7个来自努沙登加拉。表现最好的RrC颅骨测量模型与努沙登加拉样本最东端的距离呈负相关，与从西向东增加的尺寸一致。该序列的细胞色素b网络包括14个单倍型，其中3个来自东南亚大陆，1个与努沙登加拉及其东部地区共有，另一个在努沙登加拉和太平洋地区观察到。大鼠颅骨模型的选择产生了四个同样表现良好的模型，没有迁移场景的首选。最后，argentiventer的单倍型网络包括10个单倍型，其中6个在努沙登加拉观察到，包括一个来自该群岛东部的相对较早的集群。我们的结果与Rattus对努沙登加拉的多相和多向入侵相一致，可能从RrC从西向东开始，R. exulans从弗洛雷斯扩张，似乎没有一个优先的总体方向，最后R. argentiventer从东向西入侵。结果表明，东山鼓海洋交换网络对后一种的分布有一定的支持作用。
{"title":"Expanding population edge craniometrics and genetics provide insights into dispersal of commensal rats through Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Julien Louys, Michael B. Herrera, V. Thomson, A. Wiewel, S. Donnellan, S. O’Connor, K. Aplin","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1730","url":null,"abstract":"The Nusa Tenggara island chain consists of an archipelago that runs roughly east-west in eastern Indonesia. As part of Wallacea, it has never been connected to any continental landmass, and has been subject to a variety of biological invasions that have populated the islands. Here, we examine the craniometric and molecular genetic records of several species of Rattus sensu lato in the island chain. We use the predictions of expanding population edge phenotypic selection in an effort to understand the movement of Rattus rattus and Rattus exulans through the archipelago. We also examine the mitochondrial haplotype networks of R. argentiventer, R. exulans, and the R. rattus Complex (RrC) and microsatellite allele frequency clustering patterns for the RrC, to examine relationships within and between Nusa Tenggara populations, and those of Asia and the Pacific where relevant for each taxon. In the RrC LIV and RrC LII haplotype networks, 20 haplotypes with seven from Nusa Tenggara were observed for RrC LIV, and 100 haplotypes with seven from Nusa Tenggara observed for RrC LII. The top performing RrC craniometric model had a negative association between size and distance from the easternmost point of the samples from Nusa Tenggara, consistent with increasing size moving west to east. The cytochrome b network for the R. exulans sequences comprised 14 haplotypes, with three observed from mainland Southeast Asia, one shared with Nusa Tenggara and regions further east, and another haplotype observed in Nusa Tenggara and in the Pacific. The R. exulans craniometric model selection produced four equally well performing models, with no migration scenario preferred. Finally, the haplotype network of R. argentiventer comprised 10 haplotypes, with six observed in Nusa Tenggara, including a relatively early cluster from the east of the archipelago. Our results are compatible with a polyphasic and polydirectional invasion of Nusa Tenggara by Rattus, likely beginning with RrC from the west to the east, an expansion of R. exulans from Flores, seemingly in no preferred overall direction, and finally the invasion of R. argentiventer from the east to the west. We find some support for the Dong Son drum maritime exchange network contributing to the distribution of the latter species.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43093347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732
K. Armstrong, K. Aplin, M. Motokawa
A new species of False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae), Macroderma handae sp. nov., is described from dental, dentary and maxillary fragments recovered from limestone deposits at Dingo Gap, Oscar Range, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. This material is likely to be of Pliocene age, or early Pleistocene, based on biocorrelation within the same sample. The absence of the P2 indicates that it is more derived than Miocene taxa including M. malugara and M. godthelpi, but its phylogenetic position relative to M. koppa could not be determined. It appears to be slightly smaller than M. gigas and M. koppa based on the size of M1 and M2. It can be distinguished from M. gigas by the lesser degree of fenestration in the maxilla; and from all other species of Macroderma by the shape of the protofossa of the M1, plus the M2 protoconid relatively high and of proportionally greater area within the trigonid. Other material collected, but not identified completely or described, includes several lower canines from a species of emballonurid, and a dentary with M1-3 representing a vespertilionid bat. Given the wear striations observed on the M3 of the newly-described Macroderma species, we suggest that it was a predator of small vertebrates, including possibly the chiropteran co-inhabitants of the cave. This new species of Macroderma is the sixth species recognized in the genus so far, and the second from the Pliocene.
{"title":"A new species of extinct False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae: Macroderma) from the Kimberley Region of Western Australia","authors":"K. Armstrong, K. Aplin, M. Motokawa","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1732","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of False Vampire Bat (Megadermatidae), Macroderma handae sp. nov., is described from dental, dentary and maxillary fragments recovered from limestone deposits at Dingo Gap, Oscar Range, in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. This material is likely to be of Pliocene age, or early Pleistocene, based on biocorrelation within the same sample. The absence of the P2 indicates that it is more derived than Miocene taxa including M. malugara and M. godthelpi, but its phylogenetic position relative to M. koppa could not be determined. It appears to be slightly smaller than M. gigas and M. koppa based on the size of M1 and M2. It can be distinguished from M. gigas by the lesser degree of fenestration in the maxilla; and from all other species of Macroderma by the shape of the protofossa of the M1, plus the M2 protoconid relatively high and of proportionally greater area within the trigonid. Other material collected, but not identified completely or described, includes several lower canines from a species of emballonurid, and a dentary with M1-3 representing a vespertilionid bat. Given the wear striations observed on the M3 of the newly-described Macroderma species, we suggest that it was a predator of small vertebrates, including possibly the chiropteran co-inhabitants of the cave. This new species of Macroderma is the sixth species recognized in the genus so far, and the second from the Pliocene.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1722
Fenja Theden-Ringl, G. Hope, Kathleen P. Hislop, Benedict Keaney
We explore the potential contribution of faunal assemblages from the Australian Alps and surrounding regions towards the characterization of climate and landscape change, and for geochronological species distribution mapping. The limitations of existing faunal sites and collections—their rarity, their stratigraphic integrity and resolution, and accurate dating of their histories—are discussed in a regional review of known and potential assemblages and locations. We also revisit a faunal sequence from a stratified cave deposit at Wee Jasper, focusing on a Holocene “climatic optimum” phase. A suite of species fluctuations between 8000 and 6000 cal. BP suggests responses to local changes such as a warmer and possibly moister environment, with probable associated vegetation shifts. For example, eucalypt forests had replaced more open communities across the region by 8600 cal. BP, and were generally dominant until after 6000 cal. BP. Several faunal species are examined in a regional context using available chronologically defined species histories. Emerging robust multi-proxy investigations demonstrate the potential of faunal assemblages for the development of geographically detailed histories of species that can provide indications of palaeoenvironments. This approach can be strengthened by increasing resolution and developing improved age models in presently known fauna-bearing sites.
{"title":"Characterizing environmental change and species’ histories from stratified faunal records in southeastern Australia: a regional review and a case study for the early to middle Holocene","authors":"Fenja Theden-Ringl, G. Hope, Kathleen P. Hislop, Benedict Keaney","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1722","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the potential contribution of faunal assemblages from the Australian Alps and surrounding regions towards the characterization of climate and landscape change, and for geochronological species distribution mapping. The limitations of existing faunal sites and collections—their rarity, their stratigraphic integrity and resolution, and accurate dating of their histories—are discussed in a regional review of known and potential assemblages and locations. We also revisit a faunal sequence from a stratified cave deposit at Wee Jasper, focusing on a Holocene “climatic optimum” phase. A suite of species fluctuations between 8000 and 6000 cal. BP suggests responses to local changes such as a warmer and possibly moister environment, with probable associated vegetation shifts. For example, eucalypt forests had replaced more open communities across the region by 8600 cal. BP, and were generally dominant until after 6000 cal. BP. Several faunal species are examined in a regional context using available chronologically defined species histories. Emerging robust multi-proxy investigations demonstrate the potential of faunal assemblages for the development of geographically detailed histories of species that can provide indications of palaeoenvironments. This approach can be strengthened by increasing resolution and developing improved age models in presently known fauna-bearing sites.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1734
K. Helgen, Julien Louys, S. O’Connor
[Excerpt] He was always a modest man, but Ken was a genius and the toughest man we knew. He was also extraordinarily generous of spirit. The way he gave of himself, his time, and his hard-won stores of knowledge, was legendary amongst his friends and colleagues. We admired him and we loved him. Ken was a world-renowned comparative anatomist, vertebrate systematist, palaeontologist, and zooarchaeologist. He was a problem solver like few we’ve ever met, and a fieldworker and world traveller par excellence. Ken’s personal and professional outlook embraced the whole world, in all its true facets and flavours, its complexities and eccentricities—he took the world, and all of us in it, as we came. His intellectual reputation extended well beyond Australia and was known to thousands of colleagues who may never have had the chance to meet him.
{"title":"The lives of creatures obscure, misunderstood, and wonderful: a volume in honour of Ken Aplin 1958–2019","authors":"K. Helgen, Julien Louys, S. O’Connor","doi":"10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1734","url":null,"abstract":"[Excerpt] He was always a modest man, but Ken was a genius and the toughest man we knew. He was also extraordinarily generous of spirit. The way he gave of himself, his time, and his hard-won stores of knowledge, was legendary amongst his friends and colleagues. We admired him and we loved him. Ken was a world-renowned comparative anatomist, vertebrate systematist, palaeontologist, and zooarchaeologist. He was a problem solver like few we’ve ever met, and a fieldworker and world traveller par excellence. Ken’s personal and professional outlook embraced the whole world, in all its true facets and flavours, its complexities and eccentricities—he took the world, and all of us in it, as we came. His intellectual reputation extended well beyond Australia and was known to thousands of colleagues who may never have had the chance to meet him.","PeriodicalId":54505,"journal":{"name":"Records of the Australian Museum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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