Payment and selling are two important policies for a supply chain management. All participating supply chain players can earn profit based on the successful implementation of these two policies. The payment policy provides buyers with some extra time to pay for the product. This research introduces a single-supplier, a single-manufacturer, and multi-retailer-based three-echelon supply chain management under advertising and payment policies. Product delivery among supply chain players is made with the help of a transportation policy. The transportation policy is environment-friendly and helps retailers with their cost management. It is demonstrated that advertising positively influences sales through an advertisement driven market demand for the product. The model aims to reduce supply chain cost and maximize profit by considering a single-setup multiple-delivery policy, variable transportation cost, variable carbon emissions costs, and trade-credit policy. The objective function is optimized for cases: Case 1 and Case 2, based on the payment period. A classical optimization method is employed to obtain the solution of the model. A numerical example, sensitivity analysis, and graphical representations are given to illustrate the model. Results show that Case 2, where cycle time is greater than the payment period, is 45.36% more profitable than Case 1.
{"title":"Payment policy for a three-echelon supply chain management under advertisement-driven demand","authors":"Ashish Kumar Mondal, Sarla Pareek, B. Sarkar","doi":"10.1051/ro/2023085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023085","url":null,"abstract":"Payment and selling are two important policies for a supply chain management. All participating supply chain players can earn profit based on the successful implementation of these two policies.\u0000The payment policy provides buyers with some extra time to pay for the product. This research introduces a single-supplier, a single-manufacturer, and multi-retailer-based three-echelon supply chain management under advertising and payment policies. Product delivery among supply chain players is made with the help of a transportation policy. The transportation policy is environment-friendly and helps retailers with their cost management. It is demonstrated that advertising positively influences sales through an advertisement driven market demand for the product. The model aims to reduce supply chain cost and maximize profit by considering a single-setup multiple-delivery policy, variable transportation cost, variable carbon emissions costs, and trade-credit policy. The objective function is optimized for cases: Case 1 and Case 2, based on the payment period. A classical optimization method is employed to obtain the solution of the model. A numerical example, sensitivity analysis, and graphical representations are given to illustrate the model. Results show that Case 2, where cycle time is greater than the payment period, is 45.36% more profitable\u0000than Case 1.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87886207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s business world, advertising is one of the most important policies to attract more customers. This policy increases the retailer’s sales and makes the retailer’s business position strong. In this paper, we have considered an integrated inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with a single supplier and single retailer, where a supplier sells his/her products in the market through a retailer who faces a stochastic demand depending on both retail price and advertisement. Here, to increase the retailer’s demand, the supplier wholesales his/her products to the retailer with a credit period. Since the long credit period increases the demand rate but at the same time, it increases the supplier’s opportunity loss. In this paper, we have discussed about the credit policy and find out, how this policy effective on profit of the supplier, the retailer as well as the whole system. After purchasing, the retailer sells his/her products to his customers with a markup. This markup is based on the supplier’s wholesale price and also on advertising costs. Finally, an integrated profit function has been developed and we have illustrated numerical examples to justify the feasibility of the proposed model. The result indicates that not only the credit period but also an appropriate number of advertisements is more important for maintaining the profit of the supplier, the retailer as well as the integrated profit of the system. We have analyzed the effect of markup on the profit function. We have also analyzed how the profit structure of the suppliers and retailers changes along with the changes in the length of the credit period. An effective algorithm has been presented in the solution procedure to find the optimal solutions of the proposed model. Also, the numerical example with uniform distribution has been carried out. Finally, sensitivity analysis of major parameters has been illustrated to provide managerial insights.
{"title":"An integrated inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating item under credit policy and partial backlogging with advertising and price dependent stochastic demand.","authors":"Sangita Mandal, Ateka Banu, Shyamal Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.1051/ro/2023087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023087","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s business world, advertising is one of the most important policies to attract more customers. This policy increases the retailer’s sales and makes the retailer’s business position strong. In this paper, we have considered an integrated inventory model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with a single supplier and single retailer, where a supplier sells his/her products in the market through a retailer who faces a stochastic demand depending on both retail price and advertisement. Here, to increase the retailer’s demand, the supplier wholesales his/her products to the retailer with a credit period. Since the long credit period increases the demand rate but at the same time, it increases the supplier’s opportunity loss. In this paper, we have discussed about the credit policy and find out, how this policy effective on profit of the supplier, the retailer as well as the whole system. After purchasing, the retailer sells his/her products to his customers with a markup. This markup is based on the supplier’s wholesale price and also on advertising costs. Finally, an integrated profit function has been developed and we have illustrated numerical examples to justify the feasibility of the proposed model. The result indicates that not only the credit period but also an appropriate number of advertisements is more important for maintaining the profit of the supplier, the retailer as well as the integrated profit of the system. We have analyzed the effect of markup on the profit function. We have also analyzed how the profit structure of the suppliers and retailers changes along with the changes in the length of the credit period. An effective algorithm has been presented in the solution procedure to find the optimal solutions of the proposed model. Also, the numerical example with uniform distribution has been carried out. Finally, sensitivity analysis of major parameters has been illustrated to provide managerial insights.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ata allah taleizadeh, Mohabat-Sadat Naghavi-Alhoseiny, Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón, A. Amjadian
In traditional inventory models, the demand rate normally is considered as a constant value, while in marketing and pricing, it is dependent on the selling price. The present study introduces a new type of economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model. This production-inventory model is among the aspects that make the management of inventories more realistic and practical for managers. The pricing policy, planned backorders, and the rework process are included in the EPQ inventory model. The main contribution is that, in the EPQ inventory model, the price serves as a critical factor that affects the size of demand to maximize total long-term profit. The primarily objective is to determine the optimum selling price, discrete values for the optimal lot size, and the level of optimal backorders so that the total profit is maximized. To accomplish the optimal value for the decision variables an algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm provides an accurate solution for production managers to jointly decide on lot size, backorder size, and selling price. In addition, a numerical example is solved using real industry data. The results affirm that the total profit obtained using the production-inventory model increases significantly in comparison with the current situation. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to describe the practical application of the suggested production-inventory model.
{"title":"Optimization of price, lot size and backordered level in an EPQ inventory model with rework process","authors":"ata allah taleizadeh, Mohabat-Sadat Naghavi-Alhoseiny, Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón, A. Amjadian","doi":"10.1051/ro/2023073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023073","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional inventory models, the demand rate normally is considered as a constant value, while in marketing and pricing, it is dependent on the selling price. The present study introduces a new type of economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model. This production-inventory model is among the aspects that make the management of inventories more realistic and practical for managers. The pricing policy, planned backorders, and the rework process are included in the EPQ inventory model. The main contribution is that, in the EPQ inventory model, the price serves as a critical factor that affects the size of demand to maximize total long-term profit. The primarily objective is to determine the optimum selling price, discrete values for the optimal lot size, and the level of optimal backorders so that the total profit is maximized. To accomplish the optimal value for the decision variables an algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm provides an accurate solution for production managers to jointly decide on lot size, backorder size, and selling price. In addition, a numerical example is solved using real industry data. The results affirm that the total profit obtained using the production-inventory model increases significantly in comparison with the current situation. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to describe the practical application of the suggested production-inventory model.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79962903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sarkar, Abhijit Majumdar, Santanu Bhattacharya, B. Sarkar
The energy supply chain research is very much essential as the amount of non-renewable or traditional energy is fixed and finite. In contrast, the energy demand is high and continuously increasing. An energy supply chain model is studied with a waste-supplier and a energy-supplier. The waste supplier collects wastes and transfers them to the energy-supplier for conversion of energy. This energy chain is managed among players and how the energy can be distributed to consumers such that no shortage of energy can be done. The model is formulated on the different waste and energy cycle. The supply chain's minimum total cost is acquired using the optimum cycle length of the energy cycle. The model is solved with a classical optimization method. The closed-form solution is obtained with the global minimum cost. The numerical assessment is investigated to prove the validity of the proposed study. Through the numerical findings and sensitivity exploration, several managerial insights are drawn. The numerical investigation obtains that the recommended strategy can provide a non-shortage bene t of energy allotment. The total cost can be saved until 93.82% for the renewable energy conversion with the same energy and waste cycle with no discarded wastes. For different energy and waste cycle with no discarded wastes, the total cost can be reduced 21.83%.
{"title":"Optimization of energy cycle under a sustainable supply chain management","authors":"M. Sarkar, Abhijit Majumdar, Santanu Bhattacharya, B. Sarkar","doi":"10.1051/ro/2023061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023061","url":null,"abstract":"The energy supply chain research is very much essential as the amount of non-renewable or traditional energy is fixed and finite. In contrast, the energy demand is high and continuously increasing. An energy supply chain model is studied with a waste-supplier and a energy-supplier. The waste supplier collects wastes and transfers them to the energy-supplier for conversion of energy. This energy chain is managed among players and how the energy can be distributed to consumers such that no shortage of energy can be done. The model is formulated on the different waste and energy cycle. The supply chain's minimum total cost is acquired using the optimum cycle length of the energy cycle. The model is solved with a classical optimization method. The closed-form solution is obtained with the global minimum cost. The numerical assessment is investigated to prove the validity of the proposed study. Through the numerical findings and sensitivity exploration, several managerial insights are drawn. The numerical investigation obtains that the recommended strategy can provide a non-shortage bene t of energy allotment. The total cost can be saved until 93.82% for the renewable energy conversion with the same energy and waste cycle with no discarded wastes. For different energy and waste cycle with no discarded wastes, the total cost can be reduced 21.83%.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81827747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces the concepts of strongly geodesic preinvexity, strongly $eta$-invexity of order $m$, and strongly invariant $eta$-monotonicity of order $m$ on Riemannian manifolds. Additionally, it discusses an important characterization of these functions under a condition, known as $text{{bf Condition C}}^{dagger}$, defined by Barani cite{Poury1}. The paper provides various non-trivial examples to support these definitions. Furthermore, it presents a significant characterization of strict $eta$-minimizers (or $eta$-minimizers) of order $m$ for multi-objective optimization problems and a solution to the vector variational-like inequality problem.
{"title":"Strongly geodesic preinvexity and Strongly Invariant η-Monotonicity on Riemannian Manifolds and its Application","authors":"Akhlad Iqbal, Askar Hussain, H. A. Bhat","doi":"10.1051/ro/2023123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023123","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the concepts of strongly geodesic preinvexity, strongly $eta$-invexity of order $m$, and strongly invariant $eta$-monotonicity of order $m$ on Riemannian manifolds. Additionally, it discusses an important characterization of these functions under a condition, known as $text{{bf Condition C}}^{dagger}$, defined by Barani cite{Poury1}. The paper provides various non-trivial examples to support these definitions. Furthermore, it presents a significant characterization of strict $eta$-minimizers (or $eta$-minimizers) of order $m$ for multi-objective optimization problems and a solution to the vector variational-like inequality problem.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A problem of determining the characteristics of a semiconductor can be reduced to the study of the quasi-variational inequality, [1] where the obstacle M(u) is the solution of an elliptic problem depending on u. We present here an hybrid finite element method for the computation of obstacle M(u) and we discuss some numerical aspects appearing in its approximation.
{"title":"An hybrid finite element method for a quasi-variational inequality modeling a semiconductor","authors":"A. Nachaoui, M. Nachaoui","doi":"10.1051/ro/2022187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2022187","url":null,"abstract":"A problem of determining the characteristics of a semiconductor can be reduced to the study of the quasi-variational inequality, [1] where the obstacle M(u) is the solution of an elliptic problem depending on u. We present here an hybrid finite element method for\u0000\u0000the computation of obstacle M(u) and we discuss some numerical aspects appearing in its approximation.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76834471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely applied to assess the efficiency of commercial banks in recent years. Even though this approach well simulates the sequence of bank’s production process, the independent operations within sub-stage are generally ignored, and the cooperative or non-cooperative relations between sub-stages are usually investigated separately. Commercial banking production system, however, has complex internal structure within which parallel and series structure can co-exist, and cooperative relations may concurrently occur with non-cooperative ones. In this paper, we develop a hybrid two-stage DEA to simultaneously consider the series-parallel internal structure and the cooperative-Stackelberg relations between sub-stages. The data of 19 Chinese listed commercial banks are used to show the abilities of the proposed models. This approach represents a powerful and flexible efficiency measurement implement that can be applied when the system in question has a complex internal structure in terms of both sub-systems features and sub-systems relations.
{"title":"Operating efficiency assessment of commercial banks with Cooperative-Stackelberg hybrid two-stage DEA","authors":"Jianfeng Ma, Tian-peng Zhao","doi":"10.1051/ro/2021152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021152","url":null,"abstract":"The two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is widely applied to assess the efficiency of commercial banks in recent years. Even though this approach well simulates the sequence of bank’s production process, the independent operations within sub-stage are generally ignored, and the cooperative or non-cooperative relations between sub-stages are usually investigated separately. Commercial banking production system, however, has complex internal structure within which parallel and series structure can co-exist, and cooperative relations may concurrently occur with non-cooperative ones. In this paper, we develop a hybrid two-stage DEA to simultaneously consider the series-parallel internal structure and the cooperative-Stackelberg relations between sub-stages. The data of 19 Chinese listed commercial banks are used to show the abilities of the proposed models. This approach represents a powerful and flexible efficiency measurement implement that can be applied when the system in question has a complex internal structure in terms of both sub-systems features and sub-systems relations.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"439 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, some counterexamples are given to refute some results in the paper by Kohli [RAIRO:OR 53 (2019) 1617–1632]. We correct the fault in some of his results. Mathematics Subject Classification. 90C30, 90C46, 49J52. Received June 24, 2020. Accepted September 18, 2021. Comment on: RAIRO-Oper. Res. 53 (2019) 1617–1632. https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018084
{"title":"A note on the paper \"Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions using convexifactors for mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints\"","authors":"N. Gadhi","doi":"10.1051/RO/2021145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RO/2021145","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, some counterexamples are given to refute some results in the paper by Kohli [RAIRO:OR 53 (2019) 1617–1632]. We correct the fault in some of his results. Mathematics Subject Classification. 90C30, 90C46, 49J52. Received June 24, 2020. Accepted September 18, 2021. Comment on: RAIRO-Oper. Res. 53 (2019) 1617–1632. https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018084","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80062482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's market, supply chain players have to cooperate mutually for extra benefits, long lasting paybacks, and to control carbon emission for a clean environment. In this study, a two-echelon sustainable supply chain model with a supplier-retailer scenario is considered to investigate the overlooked area of growing items and reducing carbon emissions. These joint effects will benefit the firms for interim financing as well as minimize carbon emission for a clean environment. The main task for the supplier is to breed new-born animals with respect to a biologic growth pattern, then slaughters them and controls the carbon emission to maintain the sustainability. The supplier then delivers the slaughtered items to the retailer where it is used as final products to satisfy customers demand and also experienced deterioration during the inventory replenishment cycle. Carbon emission is considered due to transportation of slaughtered items to the retailer. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the model under decentralized and centralized chain structures and in the centralized case profit-sharing contract is incorporated as the cooperation tool. The model has been solved with an analytic solution approach to obtain the global optimum solution. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of different input parameters. The results support the claim that centralized chain structure can provide the partners with more benefits if an appropriate coordination mechanism is applied. Moreover, it is shown that the unit purchasing cost of each echelon has a significant effect on the profit in comparison to the other cost factors. Finally the results reveal that the supplier's inventory cycle is more dependent on the growth pattern rather than external cost factors.
{"title":"Sustainable integrated and pricing decisions for two-echelon supplier-retailer supply chain of growing Items","authors":"Mukunda Choudhury, G. C. Mahata","doi":"10.1051/ro/2021142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021142","url":null,"abstract":"In today's market, supply chain players have to cooperate mutually for extra benefits, long lasting paybacks, and to control carbon emission for a clean environment. In this study, a two-echelon sustainable supply chain model with a supplier-retailer scenario is considered to investigate the overlooked area of growing items and reducing carbon emissions. These joint effects will benefit the firms for interim financing as well as minimize carbon emission for a clean environment. The main task for the supplier is to breed new-born animals with respect to a biologic growth pattern, then slaughters them and controls the carbon emission to maintain the sustainability. The supplier then delivers the slaughtered items to the retailer where it is used as final products to satisfy customers demand and also experienced deterioration during the inventory replenishment cycle. Carbon emission is considered due to transportation of slaughtered items to the retailer. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the model under decentralized and centralized chain structures and in the centralized case profit-sharing contract is incorporated as the cooperation tool. The model has been solved with an analytic solution approach to obtain the global optimum solution. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of different input parameters. The results support the claim that centralized chain structure can provide the partners with more benefits if an appropriate coordination mechanism is applied. Moreover, it is shown that the unit purchasing cost of each echelon has a significant effect on the profit in comparison to the other cost factors. Finally the results reveal that the supplier's inventory cycle is more dependent on the growth pattern rather than external cost factors.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82249335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Rezaei, Tina Shahedi, A. Aghsami, F. Jolai, H. Feili
Integrating strategic and tactical decisions to location-allocation and green inventory planning by considering e-commerce features will pave the way for supply chain managers. Therefore, this study provides an effective framework for making decisions related to different levels of the dual-channel supply chain. We provide a bi-objective location-allocation-inventory optimization model to design a dual-channel, multi-level supply chain network. The main objectives of this study are to minimize total cost and environmental impacts while tactical and strategic decisions are integrated. Demand uncertainty is also addressed using stochastic modeling, and inventory procedure is the periodic review . We consider many features in inventory modeling that play a very important role, such as lead time, shortage, inflation, and quality of raw materials, to adapt the model to the real conditions. Since a dual-channel supply chain is becoming more important for sustainable economic development and resource recovery, we combine online and traditional sales channels to design a network. We generate five test problems and solve them by using the augmented ε-constraint method. Also, the Grasshopper optimization algorithm was applied to solve the model in a reasonable time for a large size problem. In order to provide managerial insights and investigate the sensitivity of variables and problem objectives with respect to parameters, sensitivity analysis was performed.
{"title":"Optimizing a bi-objective location-allocation-inventory problem in a dual-channel supply chain network with stochastic demands","authors":"Aida Rezaei, Tina Shahedi, A. Aghsami, F. Jolai, H. Feili","doi":"10.1051/ro/2021141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021141","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating strategic and tactical decisions to location-allocation and green inventory planning by considering e-commerce features will pave the way for supply chain managers. Therefore, this study provides an effective framework for making decisions related to different levels of the dual-channel supply chain. We provide a bi-objective location-allocation-inventory optimization model to design a dual-channel, multi-level supply chain network. The main objectives of this study are to minimize total cost and environmental impacts while tactical and strategic decisions are integrated. Demand uncertainty is also addressed using stochastic modeling, and inventory procedure is the periodic review . We consider many features in inventory modeling that play a very important role, such as lead time, shortage, inflation, and quality of raw materials, to adapt the model to the real conditions. Since a dual-channel supply chain is becoming more important for sustainable economic development and resource recovery, we combine online and traditional sales channels to design a network. We generate five test problems and solve them by using the augmented ε-constraint method. Also, the Grasshopper optimization algorithm was applied to solve the model in a reasonable time for a large size problem. In order to provide managerial insights and investigate the sensitivity of variables and problem objectives with respect to parameters, sensitivity analysis was performed.","PeriodicalId":54509,"journal":{"name":"Rairo-Operations Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75137436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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