Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2019.1646971
V. Vavilov, A. Karabutov, A. Chulkov, D. Derusova, A. Moskovchenko, E. Cherepetskaya, E. Mironova
ABSTRACT Three nondestructive testing techniques, namely, optically- and ultrasonically stimulated infrared thermography, ultrasonic laser vibrometry and laser ultrasonics, have been comparatively investigated in the inspection of a graphite-epoxy sample characterized by a complicated geometry to demonstrate advantages and drawbacks of each technique in the detection of different types of defects.
{"title":"Comparative study of active infrared thermography, ultrasonic laser vibrometry and laser ultrasonics in application to the inspection of graphite/epoxy composite parts","authors":"V. Vavilov, A. Karabutov, A. Chulkov, D. Derusova, A. Moskovchenko, E. Cherepetskaya, E. Mironova","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2019.1646971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2019.1646971","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Three nondestructive testing techniques, namely, optically- and ultrasonically stimulated infrared thermography, ultrasonic laser vibrometry and laser ultrasonics, have been comparatively investigated in the inspection of a graphite-epoxy sample characterized by a complicated geometry to demonstrate advantages and drawbacks of each technique in the detection of different types of defects.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"235 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2019.1646971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2019.1648634
S. Chudzik
ABSTRACT Results of a novel method of testing natural, tanned hides, in particular full grains, for both internal and external structural defects are presented. Such defects may occur while the animal is still alive or during the hide tanning and finishing processes. The method, still under development, uses a specially designed lamp to produce a thermal excitation impulse and an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature distribution. A newly developed algorithm is employed to process a series of thermograms recorded while the natural leather surface is heated and cooled in turn. Presented are selected results of experimental investigations carried out both on a specially prepared sample and other specimens of natural leathers. The Matlab environment was used to carry out numerical calculations. The solution discussed here represents a part of the project aimed at developing an industrial device for detecting structural flaws of leathers used for luxury upholstered furniture.
{"title":"Quality inspection of natural leather using non-destructive testing technique","authors":"S. Chudzik","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2019.1648634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2019.1648634","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Results of a novel method of testing natural, tanned hides, in particular full grains, for both internal and external structural defects are presented. Such defects may occur while the animal is still alive or during the hide tanning and finishing processes. The method, still under development, uses a specially designed lamp to produce a thermal excitation impulse and an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature distribution. A newly developed algorithm is employed to process a series of thermograms recorded while the natural leather surface is heated and cooled in turn. Presented are selected results of experimental investigations carried out both on a specially prepared sample and other specimens of natural leathers. The Matlab environment was used to carry out numerical calculations. The solution discussed here represents a part of the project aimed at developing an industrial device for detecting structural flaws of leathers used for luxury upholstered furniture.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"249 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2019.1648634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2019.1655248
A. Salazar, L. Zamanillo, M. Colom, A. Mendioroz, U. Galietti, A. Sommier, J. Batsale, C. Pradère
ABSTRACT We have obtained an analytical expression for the surface temperature of a sample that is moving at constant velocity when it is illuminated by a modulated and focused laser beam, which remains at rest. From this expression it is found that while the temperature amplitude thermogram shows the expected elongated shape in the direction of the sample movement, the phase thermogram surprisingly shows a cylindrical symmetry about the position of the laser spot. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that such a mismatch between amplitude and phase is found in photothermal experiments. This behaviour is confirmed from lock-in thermography experiments on moving samples. Moreover, the temperature (amplitude and phase) profiles in both directions, parallel and perpendicular to the sample movement, show a linear behaviour from whose slopes the in-plane thermal diffusivity of the moving sample can be obtained.
{"title":"Lock-in thermography on moving samples: amazing mismatch between amplitude and phase","authors":"A. Salazar, L. Zamanillo, M. Colom, A. Mendioroz, U. Galietti, A. Sommier, J. Batsale, C. Pradère","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2019.1655248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2019.1655248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We have obtained an analytical expression for the surface temperature of a sample that is moving at constant velocity when it is illuminated by a modulated and focused laser beam, which remains at rest. From this expression it is found that while the temperature amplitude thermogram shows the expected elongated shape in the direction of the sample movement, the phase thermogram surprisingly shows a cylindrical symmetry about the position of the laser spot. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that such a mismatch between amplitude and phase is found in photothermal experiments. This behaviour is confirmed from lock-in thermography experiments on moving samples. Moreover, the temperature (amplitude and phase) profiles in both directions, parallel and perpendicular to the sample movement, show a linear behaviour from whose slopes the in-plane thermal diffusivity of the moving sample can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"279 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2019.1655248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42902596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2019.1635351
C. Boué, S. Holé
ABSTRACT Two original methods using lock-in thermography with a laser excitation are proposed for the estimation without contact of open crack depths in metal. The first uses a modulated punctual thermal source and is well suited for the study of complicated structures. In the second, a continuous moving thermal source allows to scan homogeneous structures. Each method relies on the heat diffusion modifications induced by a crack located in the thermal diffusion area of the synchronised heat source. The thermal signature of the crack is extracted to the amplitude of surface temperature images for various modulation frequencies or various scanning speeds of the thermal source. The thermal signatures are analysed according to a length representative of the thermal diffusion length to give a local evaluation of the crack depth. The obtained results demonstrate the potentiality of active lock-in thermography as a contactless measurement tool for the evaluation of crack depths up to 3 mm.
{"title":"Comparison between multi-frequency and multi-speed laser lock-in thermography methods for the evaluation of crack depths in metal","authors":"C. Boué, S. Holé","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2019.1635351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2019.1635351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two original methods using lock-in thermography with a laser excitation are proposed for the estimation without contact of open crack depths in metal. The first uses a modulated punctual thermal source and is well suited for the study of complicated structures. In the second, a continuous moving thermal source allows to scan homogeneous structures. Each method relies on the heat diffusion modifications induced by a crack located in the thermal diffusion area of the synchronised heat source. The thermal signature of the crack is extracted to the amplitude of surface temperature images for various modulation frequencies or various scanning speeds of the thermal source. The thermal signatures are analysed according to a length representative of the thermal diffusion length to give a local evaluation of the crack depth. The obtained results demonstrate the potentiality of active lock-in thermography as a contactless measurement tool for the evaluation of crack depths up to 3 mm.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"223 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2019.1635351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42436303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-22DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2020.1816752
D. Hoffmann, M. Bastian, G. Schober
ABSTRACT The coating of materials has grown to an important treatment for improving functionality and appearance of components. A decisive factor for a reliable and consistent performance in its field of application is the layer thickness of coated materials. Consequently, monitoring and controlling the thickness, especially the homogeneity of the coating, represent relevant tasks on a large scope. Active thermography has been established as a method for quality monitoring, but excitation sources for conventional lock-in thermography are either very expensive or relatively inert. Commonly used excitation sources for pulse thermography have a high responsiveness, but a lower signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) usually confines the result. In this paper, a novel approach is presented where the sample is periodically excited with consecutive pulses and submitted to a lock-in evaluation. This so-called pulsed lock-in thermography offers a less expensive and reproducible way for non-destructive testing and has the potential for large-area measurement of the thickness of coatings.
{"title":"New approach for layer thickness measurements of coatings using pulsed lock-in thermography","authors":"D. Hoffmann, M. Bastian, G. Schober","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2020.1816752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2020.1816752","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The coating of materials has grown to an important treatment for improving functionality and appearance of components. A decisive factor for a reliable and consistent performance in its field of application is the layer thickness of coated materials. Consequently, monitoring and controlling the thickness, especially the homogeneity of the coating, represent relevant tasks on a large scope. Active thermography has been established as a method for quality monitoring, but excitation sources for conventional lock-in thermography are either very expensive or relatively inert. Commonly used excitation sources for pulse thermography have a high responsiveness, but a lower signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) usually confines the result. In this paper, a novel approach is presented where the sample is periodically excited with consecutive pulses and submitted to a lock-in evaluation. This so-called pulsed lock-in thermography offers a less expensive and reproducible way for non-destructive testing and has the potential for large-area measurement of the thickness of coatings.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"71 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2020.1816752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41692357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-13DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2020.1810883
D. Müller, U. Netzelmann, B. Valeske
ABSTRACT A neural network (NN) for semantic segmentation (U-Net) was used for the detection of crack-type defects from thermography sequences. For this task, data sequences of forged steel parts were acquired through induction thermography and the corresponding phase images calculated. The results for defect detection were quantitatively evaluated using Intersection over Union (IoU) metric. Further, a combination of 2D convolutional layer as well as LSTM (Long-Short-Term-Memory) is shown, which includes three-dimensional aspects in the form of time dependent and spatial changes and allows a defect shape reconstruction of back wall drillings. Therefore, pulsed thermography sequences were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, the reconstruction results were compared with the ground-truth defect profile using Mean Squared Error (MSE). The approaches provide improvements over conventional methods in non-destructive testing using infrared thermography.
{"title":"Defect shape detection and defect reconstruction in active thermography by means of two-dimensional convolutional neural network as well as spatiotemporal convolutional LSTM network","authors":"D. Müller, U. Netzelmann, B. Valeske","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2020.1810883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2020.1810883","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A neural network (NN) for semantic segmentation (U-Net) was used for the detection of crack-type defects from thermography sequences. For this task, data sequences of forged steel parts were acquired through induction thermography and the corresponding phase images calculated. The results for defect detection were quantitatively evaluated using Intersection over Union (IoU) metric. Further, a combination of 2D convolutional layer as well as LSTM (Long-Short-Term-Memory) is shown, which includes three-dimensional aspects in the form of time dependent and spatial changes and allows a defect shape reconstruction of back wall drillings. Therefore, pulsed thermography sequences were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, the reconstruction results were compared with the ground-truth defect profile using Mean Squared Error (MSE). The approaches provide improvements over conventional methods in non-destructive testing using infrared thermography.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"126 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2020.1810883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43733365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2020.1819707
Pedram Shoa, A. Hemmat, R. Amirfattahi, M. Gheysari
ABSTRACT Thermal stress indicators are one of the most accurate indices for sensing plant water status that can be remotely measured by the means of infrared thermography. In addition to the canopy temperature, these indices need to access the wet and dry reference temperatures which refer to the temperatures of the canopy at well-watered and fully stressed conditions, respectively. The main goal of this study is to measure the canopy as well as reference temperatures automatically by the means of a single thermal image, captured from an olive tree. The temperatures of artificial reference surfaces were extracted by the means of an object detection method based on the edge detection and morphological processes. The temperatures of sunlit and shaded canopy portions were also detected, using a Fuzzy C-means clustering of thermal images with the wet and dry reference temperatures as thresholds. The algorithm was successfully detected the references in 90% of the images and the automatic extracted canopy temperatures were significantly correlated with the manual ones.
{"title":"Automatic extraction of canopy and artificial reference temperatures for determination of crop water stress indices by using thermal imaging technique and a fuzzy-based image-processing algorithm","authors":"Pedram Shoa, A. Hemmat, R. Amirfattahi, M. Gheysari","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2020.1819707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2020.1819707","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal stress indicators are one of the most accurate indices for sensing plant water status that can be remotely measured by the means of infrared thermography. In addition to the canopy temperature, these indices need to access the wet and dry reference temperatures which refer to the temperatures of the canopy at well-watered and fully stressed conditions, respectively. The main goal of this study is to measure the canopy as well as reference temperatures automatically by the means of a single thermal image, captured from an olive tree. The temperatures of artificial reference surfaces were extracted by the means of an object detection method based on the edge detection and morphological processes. The temperatures of sunlit and shaded canopy portions were also detected, using a Fuzzy C-means clustering of thermal images with the wet and dry reference temperatures as thresholds. The algorithm was successfully detected the references in 90% of the images and the automatic extracted canopy temperatures were significantly correlated with the manual ones.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2020.1819707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43269319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-23DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2020.1805939
M. H. A. Larbi Youcef, V. Feuillet, L. Ibos, Y. Candau
ABSTRACT The research project DPE-IITI aims to carry out the in situ diagnosis of energy performance of buildings by quantifying the insulation level of walls. The on site monitoring method is based on the use of passive infrared thermography, meteorological measurements (air temperatures, solar flux), thermal modelling and identification algorithm. A measurement campaign was conducted in a school in the city of Noisiel (suburb of Paris, France). Experimental results based on a radiometric model and finite element simulation parameter identification approach show the potential of the method to quantify the thermal insulation level of a building wall. The structure of the wall is considered as known and the identification procedure estimates either the thermal conductivity or the thickness of the insulation layer. It is therefore a situation of control of the insulation. It shows that a satisfactory estimation could be reached for an analysis duration of one day. This prospective work could lead to the integration of infrared thermography into standard diagnosis procedures.
{"title":"In situ quantitative diagnosis of insulated building walls using passive infrared thermography","authors":"M. H. A. Larbi Youcef, V. Feuillet, L. Ibos, Y. Candau","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2020.1805939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2020.1805939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research project DPE-IITI aims to carry out the in situ diagnosis of energy performance of buildings by quantifying the insulation level of walls. The on site monitoring method is based on the use of passive infrared thermography, meteorological measurements (air temperatures, solar flux), thermal modelling and identification algorithm. A measurement campaign was conducted in a school in the city of Noisiel (suburb of Paris, France). Experimental results based on a radiometric model and finite element simulation parameter identification approach show the potential of the method to quantify the thermal insulation level of a building wall. The structure of the wall is considered as known and the identification procedure estimates either the thermal conductivity or the thickness of the insulation layer. It is therefore a situation of control of the insulation. It shows that a satisfactory estimation could be reached for an analysis duration of one day. This prospective work could lead to the integration of infrared thermography into standard diagnosis procedures.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"41 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2020.1805939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48554718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2020.1799304
N. Tao, Congsi Wang, Cunlin Zhang, Jiangang Sun
ABSTRACT Corrosion in cast metal relics has always been a concern for the conservation and restoration of ancient culture relics. In recent years, there is an increased interest in the determination of the corrosion/rust thickness and the substrate thickness of bronze and iron cultural relics. The solution of this problem is of great significance in the evaluation of the corrosion status, rust cleaning, and the restoration and conservation of metal cultural relics. This paper presents a new method for the measurement of the rust thickness and the substrate thickness of a replica cast-iron Buddha head by one-sided pulsed thermal imaging. In this method, the rust thickness and the substrate thickness of cast-iron Buddha head were determined simultaneously by a non-linear fitting of a theoretical solution with experimental values. The finite flash duration effect and the finite substrate thickness effect on the rust thickness measurement are analysed and discussed. Besides the new method, the conventional Flash method for single-layer materials was also used to estimate the wall thickness. The measurement results show that this new method has great potential and capability in the quantitative measurement of ancient iron and bronze cultural relics.
{"title":"Quantitative measurement of cast metal relics by pulsed thermal imaging","authors":"N. Tao, Congsi Wang, Cunlin Zhang, Jiangang Sun","doi":"10.1080/17686733.2020.1799304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2020.1799304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corrosion in cast metal relics has always been a concern for the conservation and restoration of ancient culture relics. In recent years, there is an increased interest in the determination of the corrosion/rust thickness and the substrate thickness of bronze and iron cultural relics. The solution of this problem is of great significance in the evaluation of the corrosion status, rust cleaning, and the restoration and conservation of metal cultural relics. This paper presents a new method for the measurement of the rust thickness and the substrate thickness of a replica cast-iron Buddha head by one-sided pulsed thermal imaging. In this method, the rust thickness and the substrate thickness of cast-iron Buddha head were determined simultaneously by a non-linear fitting of a theoretical solution with experimental values. The finite flash duration effect and the finite substrate thickness effect on the rust thickness measurement are analysed and discussed. Besides the new method, the conventional Flash method for single-layer materials was also used to estimate the wall thickness. The measurement results show that this new method has great potential and capability in the quantitative measurement of ancient iron and bronze cultural relics.","PeriodicalId":54525,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Infrared Thermography Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"27 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17686733.2020.1799304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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