Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry最新文献_第3页

Emotional dysregulation following prenatal stress is associated with altered prefrontal cortex responsiveness to an acute challenge in adolescence 产前应激后的情绪失调与青春期前额叶皮层对急性挑战的反应能力改变有关。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111162

Exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) has the potential to elicit multiple neurobiological alterations and increase the susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. Moreover, gestational stress may sensitize the brain toward an altered response to subsequent challenges. Here, we investigated the effects of PNS in rats and assessed whether these animals exhibit an altered brain responsiveness to an acute stress (AS) during adolescence. From gestational day 14 until delivery, Sprague Dawley dams were exposed to PNS or left undisturbed. During adolescence (PND38 to PND41), offspring were tested in the social interaction and splash test. At PND44 half of the animals were exposed to 5 min of forced swim stress. Males and Females exposed to PNS showed reduced sociability and increased anhedonic-like behavior. At the molecular level, exposure of adolescent rats to AS produced increased activation of the amygdala and ventral and dorsal hippocampus. Regarding the prefrontal cortex (PFC), we observed a pronounced activation in PNS males exposed to AS. Cell-type specific transcriptional analyses revealed a significant imbalance in the activation of PFC excitatory and inhibitory neurons in PNS males and females exposed to AS. Furthermore, stressed males exhibited disrupted HPA-axis function, while females showed impairments in the modulation of antioxidant genes. Our study shows that PNS induces emotional dysregulation and alters the responsiveness of the PFC to an acute stressor. Moreover, the disruption of excitatory and inhibitory balance during adolescence could influence the ability to respond to challenging events that may contribute to precipitate a full-blown pathologic condition.

产前应激（PNS）可能会引起多种神经生物学改变，并增加精神疾病的易感性。此外，妊娠应激还可能使大脑对后续挑战的反应发生改变。在此，我们研究了PNS对大鼠的影响，并评估了这些动物在青春期是否表现出对急性应激（AS）的大脑反应性改变。从妊娠第 14 天开始到分娩，Sprague Dawley 大鼠的母鼠会暴露于 PNS 或不受干扰。在青春期（PND38至PND41），对后代进行社交互动和飞溅试验。在 PND44 时，一半的动物暴露于 5 分钟的强迫游泳应激。暴露于 PNS 的雄性和雌性动物表现出交际能力下降和类似厌食症的行为增加。在分子水平上，将青春期大鼠暴露于 AS 会导致杏仁核、腹侧和背侧海马的激活增加。在前额叶皮层（PFC）方面，我们观察到暴露于强直性脊柱炎的雄性前额叶皮层明显活化。细胞类型特异性转录分析表明，在暴露于 AS 的 PNS 雄性和雌性中，PFC 兴奋性和抑制性神经元的激活明显失衡。此外，受压男性表现出 HPA 轴功能紊乱，而女性则表现出抗氧化基因调节功能受损。我们的研究表明，PNS 会诱发情绪失调，并改变前脑功能区对急性应激源的反应能力。此外，青春期兴奋和抑制平衡的破坏可能会影响对挑战性事件的反应能力，从而导致全面病变。

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引用次数: 0

Associations between cytokine levels and cognitive function among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis 精神病临床高危人群中细胞因子水平与认知功能之间的关系。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111166

Objective

To explore the intricate interplay among cytokines, cognitive functioning, and conversion to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Method

We initially enrolled 385 individuals at CHR and 95 healthy controls (HCs). Subsequently, 102 participants at CHR completed the 1-year follow-up assessments, and 47 participants transitioned to psychosis. We assessed the levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We comprehensively evaluated cognitive performance across six domains, including speed of processing (SP), attention/vigilance (AV), working memory (WM), verbal learning (VeL), visual learning (ViL), and reasoning and problem-solving (RPS).

Results

Higher baseline cognitive domain scores were associated with elevated GM-CSF and reduced VEGF levels. In the follow-up analysis, significant time effects were observed for IL-1β and IL-2. We also observed significant interaction effects between specific cognitive domains (AV, WM, VeL, and OCS) and levels of cytokine (GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Changes in WM were negatively correlated with changes in TNF-α levels and positively correlated with changes in VEGF levels. Variations in VeL were inversely correlated with changes in GM-CSF and IL-10 levels, whereas changes in RPS were positively associated with changes in GM-CSF and IL-8 levels.

Conclusions

Our results revealed intricate associations among cytokine levels, cognitive performance, and psychosis progression.

目的探索细胞因子、认知功能和精神病临床高危（CHR）人群中精神病转归之间错综复杂的相互作用：我们最初招募了 385 名临床高危人群和 95 名健康对照人群（HCs）。随后，102名CHR参与者完成了为期1年的随访评估，47名参与者转为精神病患者。我们评估了白细胞介素（IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的水平。我们全面评估了六个领域的认知表现，包括处理速度（SP）、注意力/警觉性（AV）、工作记忆（WM）、语言学习（VeL）、视觉学习（ViL）以及推理和解决问题（RPS）：结果：基线认知领域得分越高，GM-CSF 水平越高，VEGF 水平越低。在后续分析中，IL-1β和IL-2具有明显的时间效应。我们还观察到特定认知领域（AV、WM、VeL 和 OCS）与细胞因子水平（GM-CSF、IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α）之间存在明显的交互效应。WM 的变化与 TNF-α 水平的变化呈负相关，而与 VEGF 水平的变化呈正相关。VeL的变化与GM-CSF和IL-10水平的变化成反比，而RPS的变化与GM-CSF和IL-8水平的变化成正比：我们的研究结果揭示了细胞因子水平、认知能力和精神病进展之间错综复杂的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying genetic variants associated with side effects of antidepressant treatment: A systematic review 确定与抗抑郁治疗副作用相关的基因变异：系统综述。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111154

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent neurobiological disorders globally. Antidepressant medications are the first-line treatment for managing symptoms. However, over time, pharmacotherapy has been linked to several challenges, primarily due to the wide array of side effects that often reduce patient adherence to treatment. The literature suggests that these side effects may be influenced by polymorphisms in genes related to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antidepressants. Thus, this systematic review aimed to identify studies that investigated the association between genetic variants and side effects resulting from antidepressant treatment in individuals with MDD. Original articles indexed in the electronic databases Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, and Scopus were identified. A total of 55 studies were included in the review, and data regarding the outcomes of interest were extracted. Due to the exploratory nature of the review, a narrative/descriptive synthesis of the results was performed. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's tools, tailored to the design of each study. Polymorphisms in 35 genes were statistically associated with the development of side effects. A subsequent Protein-Protein Interaction Network analysis helped elucidate the key biological pathways involved in antidepressant side effects, with a view toward exploring the potential application of pharmacogenetic markers in clinical practice.

重度抑郁症（MDD）是全球最普遍的神经生物学疾病之一。抗抑郁药物是控制症状的一线治疗方法。然而，随着时间的推移，药物治疗也面临着一些挑战，主要是由于药物的各种副作用往往会降低患者对治疗的依从性。文献表明，这些副作用可能受到与抗抑郁药物的药代动力学和药效学相关的基因多态性的影响。因此，本系统综述旨在确定调查 MDD 患者的基因变异与抗抑郁治疗副作用之间关系的研究。研究人员在 Cochrane Library、EMBASE、MEDLINE via PubMed 和 Scopus 等电子数据库中检索到了原创文章。共有 55 项研究被纳入综述，并提取了相关结果的数据。由于综述具有探索性，因此对结果进行了叙述/描述性综合。采用乔安娜-布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）的工具对偏倚风险进行了评估，并根据每项研究的设计进行了调整。据统计，35 个基因的多态性与副作用的发生有关。随后进行的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络分析有助于阐明抗抑郁药物副作用所涉及的关键生物通路，从而探索药物遗传标记在临床实践中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Antidepressants account for the causal effect of major depressive disorder on type 2 diabetes 抗抑郁药是重度抑郁症对 2 型糖尿病的因果效应。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111164

Background

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) face an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the contribution of the disease itself versus the side effects of antidepressants to this increased risk remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the overall and independent effects of MDD and exposure to antidepressants on T2D risk.

Methods

Summary genome-wide association study datasets were utilized for the Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses, including ones for MDD (N = 500,199), antidepressants (N = 175,161), and T2D (N = 933,970). Bayesian colocalization analysis was used to reveal shared genetic variation between MDD, antidepressants, and T2D.

Results

We found that both MDD (OR: 1.15, CI: 1.03–1.30, P = 0.016) and antidepressants (OR: 1.37, CI: 1.22–1.53, P = 2.75E-08) have overall causal effects on T2D. While T2D was associated with the risk of antidepressant use (OR: 1.08, CI: 1.06–1.11, P = 8.80E-10), but not with the risk of MDD (OR: 1.00, CI: 0.98–1.01, P = 0.661). Our MVMR analysis showed that the use of antidepressants is associated with higher risks of T2D (OR: 1.21, CI: 1.07–1.37, P = 7.19E-04), while MDD is not linked to the risk of T2D (OR: 1.01, CI: 0.86–1.18, P = 0.799). Colocalization analysis identified two shared genetic loci between antidepressants and T2D.

Conclusions

The elevated T2D risk in MDD patients is chiefly caused by antidepressant use. These findings emphasize the importance of considering the impact of antidepressants on metabolic health in individuals with MDD.

背景：重度抑郁障碍（MDD）患者罹患 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险较高。然而，疾病本身与抗抑郁药副作用对这一风险增加的影响仍不清楚：本研究旨在调查MDD和抗抑郁药暴露对T2D风险的总体和独立影响：方法：利用全基因组关联研究数据集摘要进行孟德尔随机化（MR）和多变量MR（MVMR）分析，包括MDD（N = 500,199）、抗抑郁药（N = 175,161）和T2D（N = 933,970）。贝叶斯共定位分析用于揭示 MDD、抗抑郁药和 T2D 之间的共同遗传变异：结果：我们发现 MDD（OR：1.15，CI：1.03-1.30，P=0.016）和抗抑郁药（OR：1.37，CI：1.22-1.53，P=2.75E-08）对 T2D 都有整体的因果效应。虽然 T2D 与使用抗抑郁药的风险有关（OR：1.08，CI：1.06-1.11，P = 8.80E-10），但与 MDD 的风险无关（OR：1.00，CI：0.98-1.01，P = 0.661）。我们的 MVMR 分析显示，使用抗抑郁药与较高的 T2D 风险相关（OR：1.21，CI：1.07-1.37，P = 7.19E-04），而 MDD 与 T2D 风险无关（OR：1.01，CI：0.86-1.18，P = 0.799）。共定位分析确定了抗抑郁药与T2D之间的两个共享遗传位点：结论：MDD 患者的 T2D 风险升高主要是由服用抗抑郁药引起的。这些发现强调了考虑抗抑郁药对 MDD 患者代谢健康影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Allopregnanolone and intrusive memories: A potential therapeutic target for PTSD treatment? 异丙孕酮和侵入性记忆：创伤后应激障碍治疗的潜在治疗靶点？

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111168

Significant amounts of research have been devoted to treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the understanding of its fear and stress-related symptoms. However, current interventions are only effective in 60 % of the patient population. Allopregnanolone has become a topic of interest for PTSD due to its influences on inhibitory neurotransmission and the physiological stress response. This review explores available literature that suggests that allopregnanolone has an influence on (a) chronic stress and anxiety-like symptoms, (b) fear conditioning and contextual fear, and (c) intrusive and emotional memories. A relationship between allopregnanolone and PTSD is suggested, postulating that allopregnanolone is a potential target for the treatment of PTSD. This very exciting prospect calls for the expansion of research investigating a direct relationship between allopregnanolone and PTSD.

在治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）以及了解其恐惧和应激相关症状方面，已经投入了大量研究。然而，目前的干预措施仅对 60% 的患者有效。异丙孕酮对抑制性神经递质和生理应激反应有影响，因此已成为创伤后应激障碍的一个关注话题。本综述探讨了现有的文献，这些文献表明异丙孕酮对以下方面有影响：（a）慢性压力和焦虑样症状；（b）恐惧条件反射和情境性恐惧；以及（c）侵入性记忆和情绪记忆。研究表明，异孕酮与创伤后应激障碍之间存在关系，并推测异孕酮是治疗创伤后应激障碍的潜在靶点。这一令人兴奋的前景要求扩大对异孕酮与创伤后应激障碍之间直接关系的研究。

引用次数: 0

Sex-specific association between schizophrenia polygenic risk and subclinical schizophrenia-related traits 精神分裂症多基因风险与亚临床精神分裂症相关特征之间的性别特异性关联。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111161

Background

According to the dimensional view of psychiatric disorders, psychosis is expressed as a continuum in the general population. However, the investigation of the putative genetic aetiological continuity between its clinical and subclinical phenotypes has yielded mixed results. We aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the association of polygenic risk for schizophrenia with subclinical traits (i.e., schizotypy traits and psychotic-like experiences), and to examine the role of sex in this association in a large nonclinical sample.

Methods

The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences were assessed in 919 nonclinical participants. Polygenic Risk Scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PRSs) were computed using the PRS-CS method based on the latest genome-wide association study of schizophrenia. Summary statistics derived from the total GWAS sample and stratified by sex were used. Linear regression analyses tested the associations of the SZ-PRSs with the psychometric variables, both in the total sample and by sex.

Results

No associations were found between the SZ-PRSs and the positive, negative or disorganized dimensions of schizotypy in the total sample. Likewise, no associations were found with psychotic-like experiences. However, the sex-stratified analyses revealed a male-specific association with positive schizotypy. Similar results were obtained with the PRSs derived from the sex-stratified summary statistics.

Discussion

Our results are consistent with the lack of clear evidence of an association between SZ common genetic risk and its subclinical phenotypes. Nevertheless, the male-specific association found suggests that this PRS might explain better the male phenotype, as reported in previous studies. Future studies should put a focus on the role of sex in this association to unravel its sex specificities.

背景：根据精神疾病的维度观点，精神病在普通人群中表现为一个连续体。然而，对其临床和亚临床表型之间假定的遗传致病连续性的研究结果不一。我们的目的是复制之前关于精神分裂症多基因风险与亚临床特征（即分裂型特征和精神病样经历）相关性的研究结果，并在一个大型非临床样本中研究性别在这种相关性中的作用：方法：对 919 名非临床参与者进行了多维精神分裂症量表（Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale）和精神体验社区评估（Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences）的评估。根据最新的精神分裂症全基因组关联研究，采用PRS-CS方法计算出精神分裂症多基因风险评分（SZ-PRS）。我们使用了从全基因组关联研究样本中得出的汇总统计数据，并按性别进行了分层。线性回归分析检验了总样本和按性别分列的 SZ-PRS 与心理测量变量之间的关联：结果：在所有样本中，SZ-PRSs 与精神分裂症的积极、消极或混乱维度之间均未发现关联。同样，SZ-PRS 与精神病样经历也没有关联。然而，性别分层分析表明，阳性精神分裂症与男性有特异性关联。根据性别分层汇总统计得出的PRS也得到了类似的结果：讨论：我们的研究结果与缺乏明确证据表明精神分裂症的常见遗传风险与其亚临床表型之间存在关联的观点一致。然而，我们发现的男性特异性关联表明，正如之前的研究报告所述，该PRS可能能更好地解释男性的表型。未来的研究应关注性别在这种关联中的作用，以揭示其性别特异性。

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引用次数: 0

Aberrant individual large-scale functional network connectivity and topology in chronic insomnia disorder with and without depression 伴有或不伴有抑郁症的慢性失眠症患者个体大规模功能网络连接和拓扑结构异常。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111158

Insomnia is increasingly prevalent with significant associations with depression. Delineating specific neural circuits for chronic insomnia disorder (CID) with and without depressive symptoms is fundamental to develop precision diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we examine static, dynamic and network topology changes of individual large-scale functional network for CID with (CID-D) and without depression to reveal their specific neural underpinnings. Seventeen individual-specific functional brain networks are obtained using a regularized nonnegative matrix factorization technique. Disorders-shared and -specific differences in static and dynamic large-scale functional network connectivities within or between the cognitive control network, dorsal attention network, visual network, limbic network, and default mode network are found for CID and CID-D. Additionally, CID and CID-D groups showed compromised network topological architecture including reduced small-world properties, clustering coefficients and modularity indicating decreased network efficiency and impaired functional segregation. Moreover, the altered neuroimaging indices show significant associations with clinical manifestations and could serve as effective neuromarkers to distinguish among healthy controls, CID and CID-D. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the neural basis of CID and CID-D, which may facilitate developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

失眠症越来越普遍，与抑郁症有很大关联。界定伴有或不伴有抑郁症状的慢性失眠症（CID）的特定神经回路，是发展精准诊断和治疗的基础。在这项研究中，我们研究了伴有（CID-D）和不伴有抑郁症的慢性失眠症个体大规模功能网络的静态、动态和网络拓扑变化，以揭示其特定的神经基础。通过正则化非负矩阵因式分解技术，我们获得了 17 个特定个体的大脑功能网络。在认知控制网络、背侧注意网络、视觉网络、边缘网络和默认模式网络内部或之间，发现了 CID 和 CID-D 在静态和动态大规模功能网络连接性方面的疾病共享性和特异性差异。此外，CID 和 CID-D 组显示出受损的网络拓扑结构，包括小世界特性、聚类系数和模块性降低，表明网络效率降低和功能分离受损。此外，神经影像学指标的改变与临床表现有显著关联，可作为有效的神经标记物来区分健康对照组、CID 组和 CID-D 组。总之，这些发现为研究 CID 和 CID-D 的神经基础提供了新的视角，有助于开发新的诊断和治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

DNA methylation of serotonin genes as predictive biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response 血清素基因的 DNA 甲基化作为抗抑郁治疗反应的预测性生物标志物。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111160

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are frequently ineffective in treating depressive episodes and biomarkers are needed to optimize antidepressant treatment outcomes. DNA methylation levels of serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 genes (TPH2) have been suggested to predict antidepressant clinical outcomes but their applicability remains uncertain. In this study, we: 1) evaluated SLC6A4/TPH2 methylation biomarker potential for predicting clinical outcomes after escitalopram treatment; 2) evaluated whether changes in SLC6A4/TPH2 methylation are informative of treatment mechanisms. We used a cohort of 90 unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder that were part of a 12-week open-label longitudinal trial and compared our observations with previous findings. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline and after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD_6/17). We found an association between baseline TPH2 methylation and both clinical response (β:3.43; p = 0.01; 95 % CI:[0.80; 6.06]) and change in depressive symptoms after 8 weeks (β:−45.44; p = 0.01; 95 %CI:[− −78.58; −12.30]). However, we found no evidence for predictive value of any gene (TPH2 AUC: 0.74 95 % CI:[0.42;0.79]; SLC6A4: AUC: 0.61; 95 % CI: [0.48–0.78]). Methylation levels changed at the trend level for CpG sites of SLC6A4 and TPH2 over the course of 12 weeks of treatment. In addition, similar to previous observations, we found a trend for an association between methylation of SLC6A4 CpG2 (chr17:30,236,083) and HAMD₁₇ change after 12 weeks. Our findings suggest that although TPH2 and SLC6A4 methylation may be informative of antidepressant treatment outcome, they are unlikely to prove useful as clinical predictor tools.

选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂（SSRI）对治疗抑郁发作常常无效，因此需要生物标志物来优化抗抑郁治疗效果。有人认为血清素转运体（SLC6A4）和色氨酸羟化酶 2 基因（TPH2）的 DNA 甲基化水平可预测抗抑郁剂的临床疗效，但其适用性仍不确定。在本研究中，我们1）评估 SLC6A4/TPH2 甲基化生物标志物预测艾司西酞普兰治疗后临床疗效的潜力；2）评估 SLC6A4/TPH2 甲基化的变化是否能说明治疗机制。我们使用了一个由 90 名未接受治疗的重度抑郁症患者组成的队列，这些患者参加了一项为期 12 周的开放标签纵向试验，并将我们的观察结果与之前的研究结果进行了比较。我们使用汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HAMD6/17）对基线抑郁症状以及治疗 8 周和 12 周后的抑郁症状进行了测量。我们发现基线 TPH2 甲基化与临床反应（β:3.43；p = 0.01；95 %CI:[0.80; 6.06]）和 8 周后抑郁症状变化（β:-45.44；p = 0.01；95 %CI:[-78.58; -12.30]）之间存在关联。然而，我们没有发现任何基因具有预测价值的证据（TPH2 AUC：0.74 95 %CI：[0.42;0.79]；SLC6A4：AUC：0.61；95 %CI：[0.48-0.78]）。在12周的治疗过程中，SLC6A4和TPH2的CpG位点的甲基化水平发生了趋势性变化。此外，与之前的观察结果类似，我们发现 SLC6A4 CpG2（chr17:30,236,083）的甲基化与 12 周后 HAMD17 的变化之间存在关联趋势。我们的研究结果表明，尽管 TPH2 和 SLC6A4 甲基化可能对抗抑郁治疗结果有参考作用，但它们不太可能被证明是有用的临床预测工具。

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引用次数: 0

Brain structural differences in cocaine use disorder: Insights from multivariate and neurotransmitter analyses 可卡因使用障碍的大脑结构差异：多变量和神经递质分析的启示。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111159

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic and relapsing neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by structural and functional brain lesions, posing a significant public health challenge. While the disruptive effects of cocaine on neurotransmitter systems (receptors/transporters) have been well established, the patterns of brain structural abnormalities in CUD and its interaction with other factors remain an ongoing topic of investigation. We employed source-based morphometry (SBM), a multivariate approach on 50 CUD participants and 50 matched healthy controls from the public SUDMEX CONN dataset. This method allowed us to identify co-varying patterns of brain tissue volume differences, and further explore the effect of average cocaine dosage through moderation analysis. Spatial correlation analysis was also performed to examine micro-macro structural consistency between tissue volume variations and chemoarchitectural distribution of dopamine and serotonin. Our SBM analysis findings were consistent with reward-related neuroadaptations in the striato-thalamo-cortical and limbic pathways and also exhibited co-localization with the distribution of dopamine and serotonin systems. The moderation analysis suggested that the average dosage positively strengthens cocaine consumption years' effect on brain structures. By integrating our findings of gray and white matter volume differences and corresponding neurotransmitter profiles, this comprehensive view not only strengthens our understanding of the brain's structural abnormalities in CUD, but also reveals potential mechanisms underlying its development and progression.

可卡因使用障碍（CUD）是一种慢性复发性神经精神疾病，以大脑结构和功能性病变为特征，对公共卫生构成重大挑战。虽然可卡因对神经递质系统（受体/转运体）的破坏作用已被充分证实，但 CUD 的脑结构异常模式及其与其他因素的相互作用仍是一个持续的研究课题。我们对 50 名 CUD 参与者和 50 名来自公共 SUDMEX CONN 数据集的匹配健康对照者采用了基于源的形态测量法（SBM），这是一种多变量方法。这种方法使我们能够识别脑组织体积差异的共变模式，并通过调节分析进一步探讨可卡因平均剂量的影响。我们还进行了空间相关性分析，以研究组织体积变化与多巴胺和血清素化学结构分布之间的微观-宏观结构一致性。我们的 SBM 分析结果与纹状体-眼球-皮质和边缘通路中与奖赏相关的神经适应一致，并且还显示出与多巴胺和血清素系统分布的共定位。节制分析表明，平均剂量正向加强了可卡因消费年限对大脑结构的影响。通过整合我们对灰质和白质体积差异以及相应神经递质分布的发现，这一综合观点不仅加强了我们对 CUD 脑结构异常的理解，还揭示了其发展和恶化的潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing psilocybin to metformin as neuroprotective agents against Parkinson's dementia: A systematic review of evidence and efficacy. 比较迷幻药和二甲双胍作为帕金森痴呆症的神经保护剂：对证据和疗效的系统回顾。

IF 5.3 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111155

Randall D Ordovich-Clarkson, Maurice Jabbour, Daniel Arteaga Pelayo, Daniel Lara, Sebastian La Croix, Macie Mumman, Shoshanah Stukas, Reagan Anderson, David Meraz, Anthony Bangura, Brooklyn Anderson, Luke Bamrud, Caleb Blake

Background & aim: Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has remained largely unchanged and focuses primarily on symptomatic relief through activation of dopaminergic pathways. Currently, there are no proven prophylactic approaches to the prevention of PD. This systematic review seeks to compare two separate compounds, metformin (MTF) and psilocybin, as potential prophylactic therapeutics against the development of PD.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review focusing on primary studies that test these compounds on cell and animal models to determine if they might have any neuroprotective or neuroplastic effects.

Results: The results of this review found that MTF may halt the progression of diseases such as PD through multiple mechanisms including reduced oxidative stress at the level of the mitochondria, thereby reducing α-synuclein related damage. Psilocybin, on the other hand, may increase repair of damaged neurons through psychoplastogenic activation of serotonergic pathways, particularly 5-HT_2A receptor activation, ultimately increasing the release of brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and the reduction of α-synuclein accumulation.

Conclusion: Implications of this study include a need for further research in off-label use of MTF as well as further research into serotonergic compounds such as psilocybin for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

背景和目的：帕金森病（PD）的治疗方法基本未变，主要侧重于通过激活多巴胺能通路来缓解症状。目前，还没有经证实的预防帕金森病的方法。本系统综述旨在比较两种不同的化合物--二甲双胍（MTF）和迷幻药--作为预防帕金森氏症的潜在疗法：作者进行了一项系统性综述，重点关注在细胞和动物模型上测试这两种化合物的主要研究，以确定它们是否具有任何神经保护或神经可塑性作用：综述结果发现，MTF 可通过多种机制阻止帕金森病等疾病的发展，包括减少线粒体水平的氧化应激，从而减少与 α-突触核蛋白相关的损伤。另一方面，迷幻药可能会通过激活血清素能通路，特别是激活 5-HT2A 受体，增加受损神经元的修复，最终增加脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的释放，减少α-突触核蛋白的积累：本研究的意义包括需要进一步研究MTF的标签外使用，以及进一步研究5-羟色胺能化合物，如治疗和预防神经退行性疾病的迷幻药。

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