One of the most common structures used for energy dissipation is flip buckets. The jet passing through these spillways, after being thrown into the air and hitting the downstream bed, still has high energy causing scour downstream of the spillway. Therefore, accurate estimation of the scour depth is important to the proper design of the main and related structures. In recent years, the use of computational intelligence has been widely used to estimate the scour depth accurately. In this research, the maximum scour depth was estimated using three techniques of Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Extra Trees, and Random Forest (RF) and compared with the previous results. The results indicate that the GBDT method with R2=0.992, RMSE=0.231, and MAE=0.180 has the highest accuracy and lowest error.
{"title":"Improving the Prediction of Scour Depth Downstream of the Flip Bucket with Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Mohammad Rashki Ghaleh Nou, M. Azhdary Moghaddam","doi":"10.1680/jwama.20.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.20.00089","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common structures used for energy dissipation is flip buckets. The jet passing through these spillways, after being thrown into the air and hitting the downstream bed, still has high energy causing scour downstream of the spillway. Therefore, accurate estimation of the scour depth is important to the proper design of the main and related structures. In recent years, the use of computational intelligence has been widely used to estimate the scour depth accurately. In this research, the maximum scour depth was estimated using three techniques of Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Extra Trees, and Random Forest (RF) and compared with the previous results. The results indicate that the GBDT method with R2=0.992, RMSE=0.231, and MAE=0.180 has the highest accuracy and lowest error.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76996974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Nekooie, M. Attari, Arash Ghaffariankolahi, Yaser Rajai
A city's water supply system is one of the main lifelines vulnerable to natural hazards and artificial threats. It is also the main lifeline to provide clean and healthy water for the aftermath period and temporary shelters, victims, and remaining residents. During a crisis, the lack of an emergency water supply plan increases the casualties caused. This research aims to develop a supply plan for emergency water during a disaster by introducing a comprehensive risk assessment. The selected software to do this included Arc-GIS and Scenario Wizard to prepare emergencies and reduce the casualties of the natural disasters inflicted on Kermanshah City as a case study. To achieve this plan, three phases should be carried out. In the first phase, the vulnerability and destruction scenarios should be determined using Cross-Impact Balance analysis (CIB) based on the descriptors and their interactive variables. In the second phase, the risk zonation maps with the drinking water supply approach should be developed by using geographical data superposing different layers. In the third phase, three support and supply centre grades are introduced, and their distribution maps are developed, which is implemented for Kermanshah City. Earthquake is considered as the main disruption event.
{"title":"Risk assessment framework for the supply of water during a crisis","authors":"M. A. Nekooie, M. Attari, Arash Ghaffariankolahi, Yaser Rajai","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00072","url":null,"abstract":"A city's water supply system is one of the main lifelines vulnerable to natural hazards and artificial threats. It is also the main lifeline to provide clean and healthy water for the aftermath period and temporary shelters, victims, and remaining residents. During a crisis, the lack of an emergency water supply plan increases the casualties caused. This research aims to develop a supply plan for emergency water during a disaster by introducing a comprehensive risk assessment. The selected software to do this included Arc-GIS and Scenario Wizard to prepare emergencies and reduce the casualties of the natural disasters inflicted on Kermanshah City as a case study. To achieve this plan, three phases should be carried out. In the first phase, the vulnerability and destruction scenarios should be determined using Cross-Impact Balance analysis (CIB) based on the descriptors and their interactive variables. In the second phase, the risk zonation maps with the drinking water supply approach should be developed by using geographical data superposing different layers. In the third phase, three support and supply centre grades are introduced, and their distribution maps are developed, which is implemented for Kermanshah City. Earthquake is considered as the main disruption event.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"4 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72387210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partially-filled pipe flows are commonly observed in urban hydraulics, sewers and road crossings. The occurrence of a compression wave in the confined space may result from flash flooding, transient operation or accidental blockage, inducing explosive conditions. In this study, the propagation of a compression wave was studied in a relatively large-size laboratory flume with a semi-circular cross-section. The unsteady flow properties were recorded to understand how the circular cross-sectional shape impacted onto the surging water propagation. Both free-surface and velocity data indicated a marked impact of the compression wave passage, with large instantaneous fluctuations comparable and sometimes larger than observations of compression waves in rectangular channels.
{"title":"Compression waves in semi-circular channel","authors":"Emelia Dara Soechiarto, D. Wűthrich, H. Chanson","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Partially-filled pipe flows are commonly observed in urban hydraulics, sewers and road crossings. The occurrence of a compression wave in the confined space may result from flash flooding, transient operation or accidental blockage, inducing explosive conditions. In this study, the propagation of a compression wave was studied in a relatively large-size laboratory flume with a semi-circular cross-section. The unsteady flow properties were recorded to understand how the circular cross-sectional shape impacted onto the surging water propagation. Both free-surface and velocity data indicated a marked impact of the compression wave passage, with large instantaneous fluctuations comparable and sometimes larger than observations of compression waves in rectangular channels.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87921364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present decade, floods have been among the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters.Most rivers are characterized by compound cross-sections that are usually covered with vegetation. The ability to simulate water surface profiles in vegetated rivers quickly and accurately is crucial in flood forecasting operations. This study aims to introduce a low-cost and practical tool for predicting the water surface profile in compound channels with vegetated floodplains. In particular, the current paper employs the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques to develop a model for the prediction of the water surface profile in an experimental channel. For this purpose, two approaches were employed. The first one was based on utilizing non-dimensional data, while the second one used dimensional data.The performances of the prediction methods were determined via a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The comparative results revealed that the SVM algorithm outperformed the ANN and regression models.The performance of the SVM model induced by the dimensional data with a CC of 0.99±0.005 and an MAE of 0.0019±0.0002 was shown to be marginally better than that for the dimensionless data. The sensitivity analysis results also indicated that the relative discharge and relative depth played the most important role in estimating the water surface profile.
{"title":"Water Surface Profile Prediction in Compound Channels with Vegetated Floodplains","authors":"Marzieh Mohseni, Amineh Naseri","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00005","url":null,"abstract":"In the present decade, floods have been among the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters.Most rivers are characterized by compound cross-sections that are usually covered with vegetation. The ability to simulate water surface profiles in vegetated rivers quickly and accurately is crucial in flood forecasting operations. This study aims to introduce a low-cost and practical tool for predicting the water surface profile in compound channels with vegetated floodplains. In particular, the current paper employs the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques to develop a model for the prediction of the water surface profile in an experimental channel. For this purpose, two approaches were employed. The first one was based on utilizing non-dimensional data, while the second one used dimensional data.The performances of the prediction methods were determined via a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The comparative results revealed that the SVM algorithm outperformed the ANN and regression models.The performance of the SVM model induced by the dimensional data with a CC of 0.99±0.005 and an MAE of 0.0019±0.0002 was shown to be marginally better than that for the dimensionless data. The sensitivity analysis results also indicated that the relative discharge and relative depth played the most important role in estimating the water surface profile.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76843067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Wu, Yibo Wang, Jing Ji, Pan Liu, Liping Li, M. Feng
Reservoirs play important roles in hydropower generation, flood control, water supply, and navigation. However, the regulation of reservoirs is challenged due to their adverse influences on river ecosystems. This study uses ecoflow as an ecological indicator for reservoir operation to indicate the extent of natural flow alteration. Three reservoir optimization models are established to derive ecological operating rule curves. Model 1 only considers the maximization of average annual hydropower generation and the assurance rate of hydropower generation. Model 2 incorporates ecological objectives and constraints. Model 3 not only considers the hydropower objectives but also simulates the runoff and calculates the ecological indicator values of multiple downstream stations. The three models are optimized by a simulation-optimization framework. The reservoir ecological operating rule curves are derived for the case study of China's Three Gorges Reservoir. The results represent feasible schemes for reservoir operation by considering both hydropower and ecological demands. The average annual power generation and assurance rate of a preferred optimized scheme for Model 3 are increased by 1.06% and 2.50%, respectively. Furthermore, ecological benefits of the three hydrologic stations are also improved. In summary, the ecological indicator ecoflow and optimization models could be helpful for reservoir ecological operations.
{"title":"Deriving reservoir operating rules considering ecological demands of multiple stations","authors":"Chen Wu, Yibo Wang, Jing Ji, Pan Liu, Liping Li, M. Feng","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00009","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoirs play important roles in hydropower generation, flood control, water supply, and navigation. However, the regulation of reservoirs is challenged due to their adverse influences on river ecosystems. This study uses ecoflow as an ecological indicator for reservoir operation to indicate the extent of natural flow alteration. Three reservoir optimization models are established to derive ecological operating rule curves. Model 1 only considers the maximization of average annual hydropower generation and the assurance rate of hydropower generation. Model 2 incorporates ecological objectives and constraints. Model 3 not only considers the hydropower objectives but also simulates the runoff and calculates the ecological indicator values of multiple downstream stations. The three models are optimized by a simulation-optimization framework. The reservoir ecological operating rule curves are derived for the case study of China's Three Gorges Reservoir. The results represent feasible schemes for reservoir operation by considering both hydropower and ecological demands. The average annual power generation and assurance rate of a preferred optimized scheme for Model 3 are increased by 1.06% and 2.50%, respectively. Furthermore, ecological benefits of the three hydrologic stations are also improved. In summary, the ecological indicator ecoflow and optimization models could be helpful for reservoir ecological operations.","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77597156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of deposit body on the near-bed shear stress","authors":"Yanxian He, Jing Zhang, Huling Jiang, Zhixue Guo, Hongxing Zhao","doi":"10.1680/jwama.20.00139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.20.00139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79566780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of Zuppinger water wheel model","authors":"Shakun Paudel, M. Weber, D. Geyer, N. Saenger","doi":"10.1680/jwama.20.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.20.00056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83458333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Framework for Assessment of Flood Vulnerabilities – The Case of Narmada River Basin, India","authors":"S. Pathak, M. Kulshrestha","doi":"10.1680/jwama.20.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.20.00009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74949321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid gene expression programming model for discharge prediction","authors":"Shicheng Li, James Yang","doi":"10.1680/jwama.21.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74504959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrodynamic processes of compound channels are closely related to the cross-sectional geometry of the rivers. The cross-sectional shape of natural meandering rivers is always irregular with a ...
复合河道的水动力过程与河流的断面几何形状密切相关。天然曲流河流的横截面形状总是不规则的，并带有……
{"title":"Experimental study on the mechanisms of flow in a sine-generated meandering compound channel","authors":"G. Qu, Chengwei Hu, Shiming Yao, B. Ding","doi":"10.1680/jwama.20.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.20.00018","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrodynamic processes of compound channels are closely related to the cross-sectional geometry of the rivers. The cross-sectional shape of natural meandering rivers is always irregular with a ...","PeriodicalId":54569,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77042121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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