Pub Date : 2008-08-26DOI: 10.1080/10519990802278056
E. Gusakov, V. Dyachenko, M. Irzak, A. Saveliev, S. Khitrov, O. N. Shcherbinin
A conceptual design of the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system for the upgraded T-15 tokamak (RNC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) is presented. A tentative theoretical analysis, including extensive numerical simulations of different antenna types and LH wave propagation as well as estimation of LHCD efficiency, is carried out. The analysis has shown the possibility of launching a 4–5 MW radio frequency power through one tokamak port and driving up to a 1 MA LH current at a plasma density of 2–3 × 1013 cm−3. The most suitable design of the whole LHCD system and the antenna, in particular, is discussed as well as the main technical problems of the T-15 LHCD project.
{"title":"Conceptual design of the lower hybrid current drive system for the T-15 tokamak","authors":"E. Gusakov, V. Dyachenko, M. Irzak, A. Saveliev, S. Khitrov, O. N. Shcherbinin","doi":"10.1080/10519990802278056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802278056","url":null,"abstract":"A conceptual design of the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system for the upgraded T-15 tokamak (RNC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow) is presented. A tentative theoretical analysis, including extensive numerical simulations of different antenna types and LH wave propagation as well as estimation of LHCD efficiency, is carried out. The analysis has shown the possibility of launching a 4–5 MW radio frequency power through one tokamak port and driving up to a 1 MA LH current at a plasma density of 2–3 × 1013 cm−3. The most suitable design of the whole LHCD system and the antenna, in particular, is discussed as well as the main technical problems of the T-15 LHCD project.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"81 1","pages":"189 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85588811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-26DOI: 10.1080/10519990802249289
V. Amoskov, A. Belov, V. Belyakov, Y. Gribov, V. Kukhtin, E. Lamzin, N. Maximenkova, S. Sytchevsky
The error fields produced by localized steel objects in the ITER tokamak building have been studied in this paper. The critical mass of the objects, producing in the plasma region the ‘3-mode’ error field of 0.1 Unit (10−6 of the toroidal magnetic field), is estimated for a set of object positions. It is shown that the critical mass is scaled with distance as R 7, if R≥30 m.
{"title":"Assessment of error field from solitary ferromagnetic elements located outside of ITER tokamak","authors":"V. Amoskov, A. Belov, V. Belyakov, Y. Gribov, V. Kukhtin, E. Lamzin, N. Maximenkova, S. Sytchevsky","doi":"10.1080/10519990802249289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802249289","url":null,"abstract":"The error fields produced by localized steel objects in the ITER tokamak building have been studied in this paper. The critical mass of the objects, producing in the plasma region the ‘3-mode’ error field of 0.1 Unit (10−6 of the toroidal magnetic field), is estimated for a set of object positions. It is shown that the critical mass is scaled with distance as R 7, if R≥30 m.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"15 1","pages":"171 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73026332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-26DOI: 10.1080/10519990802187893
S. Sen, A. Fukuyama
It is shown that other effects (than toroidal flow) also contribute to the suppression of turbulence: (a) the ‘knee’ in the ion temperature profile reduces the growth rate of the ITG mode; (b) an increase in ion–ion and electron–ion collisionality due to sudden temperature drop following irradiation by a seeded impurity reduces the growth rate of ITG and ETG modes; (c) an increase in the electron–ion collisionality also shifts the mode frequency of drift resistive ballooning modes in such a way as to reduce the driving terms and contribute to its stabilization; (d) the effect of particle pinch reduces toroidal drive and may even completely stabilize the toroidal ηi mode, leaving only the slab drive; (e) the possible effect of ion-cyclotron resonant-heating on the RI-mode is also studied.
{"title":"Theoretical studies of RI-mode on TEXTOR-94 II. Effect of additional channels","authors":"S. Sen, A. Fukuyama","doi":"10.1080/10519990802187893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802187893","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that other effects (than toroidal flow) also contribute to the suppression of turbulence: (a) the ‘knee’ in the ion temperature profile reduces the growth rate of the ITG mode; (b) an increase in ion–ion and electron–ion collisionality due to sudden temperature drop following irradiation by a seeded impurity reduces the growth rate of ITG and ETG modes; (c) an increase in the electron–ion collisionality also shifts the mode frequency of drift resistive ballooning modes in such a way as to reduce the driving terms and contribute to its stabilization; (d) the effect of particle pinch reduces toroidal drive and may even completely stabilize the toroidal ηi mode, leaving only the slab drive; (e) the possible effect of ion-cyclotron resonant-heating on the RI-mode is also studied.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"83 1","pages":"155 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91320845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-08-26DOI: 10.1080/10519990802302716
I. V. Glukhikh, R. Kurunov, V. G. Smirnov, A. V. Charukchev
An optical scheme of a diode-pumped, two-channel, solid-state laser is considered. The scheme is destined for diagnostics of the physical processes occurring in the divertor area of the tokamak-type fusion facilities by the method of Thomson scattering and has been developed on the basis of modern engineering and technological advancements made in powerful pulse-periodic laser systems. The schemes for the laser diode pumping of the active elements are considered, and the results of thermal and hydraulic calculations of a pumping module are presented. The results of the energy calculation confirm the feasibility of a laser system with technical parameters meeting the requirements of a task assigned.
{"title":"Source of radiation for diagnostics of the divertor plasma on the ITER facility","authors":"I. V. Glukhikh, R. Kurunov, V. G. Smirnov, A. V. Charukchev","doi":"10.1080/10519990802302716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802302716","url":null,"abstract":"An optical scheme of a diode-pumped, two-channel, solid-state laser is considered. The scheme is destined for diagnostics of the physical processes occurring in the divertor area of the tokamak-type fusion facilities by the method of Thomson scattering and has been developed on the basis of modern engineering and technological advancements made in powerful pulse-periodic laser systems. The schemes for the laser diode pumping of the active elements are considered, and the results of thermal and hydraulic calculations of a pumping module are presented. The results of the energy calculation confirm the feasibility of a laser system with technical parameters meeting the requirements of a task assigned.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"8 1","pages":"211 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80759598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802025622
P. Zobdeh, R. Sadighi-Bonabi, H. Afarideh
In this work we present an ellipsoid cavity regime for the production of a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic electrons. The electron output beam is more effective than the periodic plasma wave method or the plasma-channel-guided method. A hyperbola, parabola or ellipsoid path is described for the electron trajectory motion in this model. A dense bunch of relativistic electrons with a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum is self-generated here. The obtained results show a smaller width for the electron energy spectrum in comparison with the previous results. We found that there are optimum conditions to form the ellipsoid cavity. Laser beam properties (such as the spot size, power and pulse duration) and plasma features can control the ellipsoid cavity formation. The optimum conditions for effective electron beam production can be determined from these results.
{"title":"New ellipsoid cavity model for high-intensity laser–plasma interaction","authors":"P. Zobdeh, R. Sadighi-Bonabi, H. Afarideh","doi":"10.1080/10519990802025622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802025622","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present an ellipsoid cavity regime for the production of a bunch of quasi-monoenergetic electrons. The electron output beam is more effective than the periodic plasma wave method or the plasma-channel-guided method. A hyperbola, parabola or ellipsoid path is described for the electron trajectory motion in this model. A dense bunch of relativistic electrons with a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum is self-generated here. The obtained results show a smaller width for the electron energy spectrum in comparison with the previous results. We found that there are optimum conditions to form the ellipsoid cavity. Laser beam properties (such as the spot size, power and pulse duration) and plasma features can control the ellipsoid cavity formation. The optimum conditions for effective electron beam production can be determined from these results.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"5 1","pages":"105 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73183197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802017959
S. Fabritsiev, A. Pokrovsky
The paper presents the results from an experimental study on the effect of neutron irradiation in the ‘irradiation–annealing–irradiation (IAI)’ regime on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of pure copper. An ampoule with samples was irradiated at T in=150 °C in the RBT-6 reactor in the following regime: ‘irradiation to 0.004 dpa+annealing at 250 °C+irradiation to 0.004 dpa+···+···’, 15 IAI cycles in all. The experiment showed that the IAI cycles result in suppression of the radiation hardening. By using the Orowan–Seeger model of hardening, we have obtained analytical dependences demonstrating that the hardening value in the cycles is determined only by the initial hardening level during the first irradiation and by the function f(a) n depending on the number n of cycles and the cluster annealing efficiency a. The calculated values of sample hardening after 15 IAI cycles agree well with the experiment.
{"title":"Suppression of the radiation hardening and embrittlement of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor materials by multiple intermediate annealing","authors":"S. Fabritsiev, A. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1080/10519990802017959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802017959","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results from an experimental study on the effect of neutron irradiation in the ‘irradiation–annealing–irradiation (IAI)’ regime on the radiation hardening and embrittlement of pure copper. An ampoule with samples was irradiated at T in=150 °C in the RBT-6 reactor in the following regime: ‘irradiation to 0.004 dpa+annealing at 250 °C+irradiation to 0.004 dpa+···+···’, 15 IAI cycles in all. The experiment showed that the IAI cycles result in suppression of the radiation hardening. By using the Orowan–Seeger model of hardening, we have obtained analytical dependences demonstrating that the hardening value in the cycles is determined only by the initial hardening level during the first irradiation and by the function f(a) n depending on the number n of cycles and the cluster annealing efficiency a. The calculated values of sample hardening after 15 IAI cycles agree well with the experiment.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"65 1","pages":"67 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87604543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802088067
V. Kapyshev, V. Kovalenko, V. Poliksha, A. Sidorov, YU. Strebkov, N. Yukhnov
A concept of tritium-breeding monitoring in the DEMO reactor is discussed. A system for experimental estimation of the tritium-breeding ratio and the tritium-breeding dynamics in a helium-cooled experimental breeding submodule (EBSM) of the International Thermonuclear Expeimental Reactor is proposed. A schematic diagram of the EBSM system and the design of its units are considered. Operation of the system in different modes is discussed. A pneumatic method is proposed to deliver the detectors to the tritium-breeding zone of the EBSM and to extract the detectors by using tritium-breeding channels. The channels are connected to the EBSM and to an operating zone. The results of the channel-cooling calculation carried out under nominal operating conditions of the EBSM (a plasma pulse) and the calculation of parameters of tritium detector transportation are presented in the paper.
{"title":"On monitoring the tritium-breeding ratio in a fusion reactor","authors":"V. Kapyshev, V. Kovalenko, V. Poliksha, A. Sidorov, YU. Strebkov, N. Yukhnov","doi":"10.1080/10519990802088067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802088067","url":null,"abstract":"A concept of tritium-breeding monitoring in the DEMO reactor is discussed. A system for experimental estimation of the tritium-breeding ratio and the tritium-breeding dynamics in a helium-cooled experimental breeding submodule (EBSM) of the International Thermonuclear Expeimental Reactor is proposed. A schematic diagram of the EBSM system and the design of its units are considered. Operation of the system in different modes is discussed. A pneumatic method is proposed to deliver the detectors to the tritium-breeding zone of the EBSM and to extract the detectors by using tritium-breeding channels. The channels are connected to the EBSM and to an operating zone. The results of the channel-cooling calculation carried out under nominal operating conditions of the EBSM (a plasma pulse) and the calculation of parameters of tritium detector transportation are presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"58 1","pages":"135 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73537437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802062609
N. Dreval’, C. Xiao, D. Trembach, A. Hirose
Design optimization of the heavy-ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostics for the STOR-M tokamak is described. The optimal geometry of the HIBP diagnostics has been determined by numerical simulations. In this geometry a significant part of the upper half of the poloidal cross-section is covered by the detector grid. A disadvantage of the HIBP in STOR-M is the decay of the toroidal magnetic field during a discharge. A novel energy-sweeping technique is proposed to compensate for drooping. This technique allows for complete radial profile measurements along a constant-angle detector line. Adjustments to the HIBP accelerator and energy analyser are considered. The required minimum set of HIBP hardware for STOR-M is discussed.
{"title":"Heavy-ion beam probe diagnostics for the STOR-M tokamak: numerical simulations and design features","authors":"N. Dreval’, C. Xiao, D. Trembach, A. Hirose","doi":"10.1080/10519990802062609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802062609","url":null,"abstract":"Design optimization of the heavy-ion beam probe (HIBP) diagnostics for the STOR-M tokamak is described. The optimal geometry of the HIBP diagnostics has been determined by numerical simulations. In this geometry a significant part of the upper half of the poloidal cross-section is covered by the detector grid. A disadvantage of the HIBP in STOR-M is the decay of the toroidal magnetic field during a discharge. A novel energy-sweeping technique is proposed to compensate for drooping. This technique allows for complete radial profile measurements along a constant-angle detector line. Adjustments to the HIBP accelerator and energy analyser are considered. The required minimum set of HIBP hardware for STOR-M is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"62 1","pages":"127 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75977593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802017975
K. Hadji, A. Hadji, S. Hadj-Ziane, A. Belasri
By numerical simulation with the use of the simplified model of chemical processes in an ozone-generating corona discharge in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and after the discharge cessation, the role of nitrogen in ozone production was studied. The role of nitrogen in ozone production was studied by simulating numerically the chemical processes occurring during an ozone-producing corona discharge initiated in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and after the discharge termination. A simplified mathematical model was used in these simulations. It is demonstrated that nitrogen is a good catalyst.
{"title":"Simulation of the effect of nitrogen on ozone production","authors":"K. Hadji, A. Hadji, S. Hadj-Ziane, A. Belasri","doi":"10.1080/10519990802017975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802017975","url":null,"abstract":"By numerical simulation with the use of the simplified model of chemical processes in an ozone-generating corona discharge in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and after the discharge cessation, the role of nitrogen in ozone production was studied. The role of nitrogen in ozone production was studied by simulating numerically the chemical processes occurring during an ozone-producing corona discharge initiated in a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen and after the discharge termination. A simplified mathematical model was used in these simulations. It is demonstrated that nitrogen is a good catalyst.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"31 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84561020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-19DOI: 10.1080/10519990802017991
M. A. Hassouba
Atmospheric dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are typically used for activation and modification of surfaces, sterilization, bioactivation and deposition of coating barriers. Atmospheric DBDs have the advantage that, at a relatively high pressure, a cold but chemically active plasma is created. Spectra from the ozone synthesis system, using oxygen gas, have been detected in the range 300–400 nm. The dependences of the spectral intensity on the discharge voltage and the oxygen pressure has been studied. The half-width of the detected lines has been found to be within 20 Å approximately. The electron temperature within a microdischarge has been estimated by using the relative intensity of the line-to-line ratio technique of the identified spectral lines. An average mean electrons temperature of 3.6 eV has been obtained and found to be insensitive to gas pressure variation.
{"title":"Determination of the electrons temperature in a dielectric barrier discharge","authors":"M. A. Hassouba","doi":"10.1080/10519990802017991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802017991","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are typically used for activation and modification of surfaces, sterilization, bioactivation and deposition of coating barriers. Atmospheric DBDs have the advantage that, at a relatively high pressure, a cold but chemically active plasma is created. Spectra from the ozone synthesis system, using oxygen gas, have been detected in the range 300–400 nm. The dependences of the spectral intensity on the discharge voltage and the oxygen pressure has been studied. The half-width of the detected lines has been found to be within 20 Å approximately. The electron temperature within a microdischarge has been estimated by using the relative intensity of the line-to-line ratio technique of the identified spectral lines. An average mean electrons temperature of 3.6 eV has been obtained and found to be insensitive to gas pressure variation.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"36 1","pages":"81 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76181852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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