Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00264-2
Julia C. F. Quintanilha, Alessandro Racioppi, Jin Wang, Amy S. Etheridge, Stefanie Denning, Carol E. Peña, Andrew D. Skol, Daniel J. Crona, Danyu Lin, Federico Innocenti
{"title":"Correction to: PIK3R5 genetic predictors of hypertension induced by VEGF-pathway inhibitors","authors":"Julia C. F. Quintanilha, Alessandro Racioppi, Jin Wang, Amy S. Etheridge, Stefanie Denning, Carol E. Peña, Andrew D. Skol, Daniel J. Crona, Danyu Lin, Federico Innocenti","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00264-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00264-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41397-021-00264-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39858279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-25DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00262-4
Arvind Jaya Shankar, Sudhir Jadhao, Wendy Hoy, Simon J. Foote, Hardip R. Patel, Vinod Scaria, Brendan J. McMorran, Shivashankar H. Nagaraj
Indigenous Australians face a disproportionately severe burden of chronic disease relative to other Australians, with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. While genomics technologies are slowly gaining momentum in personalised treatments for many, a lack of pharmacogenomic research in Indigenous peoples could delay adoption. Appropriately implementing pharmacogenomics in clinical care necessitates an understanding of the frequencies of pharmacologically relevant genetic variants within Indigenous populations. We analysed whole-genome sequence data from 187 individuals from the Tiwi Islands and characterised the pharmacogenomic landscape of this population. Specifically, we compared variant profiles and allelic distributions of previously described pharmacologically significant genes and variants with other population groups. We identified 22 translationally relevant pharmacogenomic variants and 18 clinically actionable guidelines with implications for drug dosing and treatment of conditions including heart disease, diabetes and cancer. We specifically observed increased poor and intermediate metabolizer phenotypes in the CYP2C9 (PM:19%, IM:44%) and CYP2C19 (PM:18%, IM:44%) genes.
{"title":"Pharmacogenomic analysis of a genetically distinct Indigenous population","authors":"Arvind Jaya Shankar, Sudhir Jadhao, Wendy Hoy, Simon J. Foote, Hardip R. Patel, Vinod Scaria, Brendan J. McMorran, Shivashankar H. Nagaraj","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00262-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00262-4","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Australians face a disproportionately severe burden of chronic disease relative to other Australians, with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. While genomics technologies are slowly gaining momentum in personalised treatments for many, a lack of pharmacogenomic research in Indigenous peoples could delay adoption. Appropriately implementing pharmacogenomics in clinical care necessitates an understanding of the frequencies of pharmacologically relevant genetic variants within Indigenous populations. We analysed whole-genome sequence data from 187 individuals from the Tiwi Islands and characterised the pharmacogenomic landscape of this population. Specifically, we compared variant profiles and allelic distributions of previously described pharmacologically significant genes and variants with other population groups. We identified 22 translationally relevant pharmacogenomic variants and 18 clinically actionable guidelines with implications for drug dosing and treatment of conditions including heart disease, diabetes and cancer. We specifically observed increased poor and intermediate metabolizer phenotypes in the CYP2C9 (PM:19%, IM:44%) and CYP2C19 (PM:18%, IM:44%) genes.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39660173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-13DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00261-5
Julia C. F. Quintanilha, Alessandro Racioppi, Jin Wang, Amy S. Etheridge, Stefanie Denning, Carol E. Peña, Andrew D. Skol, Daniel J. Crona, Danyu Lin, Federico Innocenti
No biomarkers are available to predict patients at risk of developing hypertension induced by VEGF-pathway inhibitors. This study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers of hypertension induced by these drugs using a discovery-replication approach. The discovery set included 140 sorafenib-treated patients (TARGET study) genotyped for 973 SNPs in 56 genes. The most statistically significant SNPs associated with grade ≥2 hypertension were tested for association with grade ≥2 hypertension in the replication set of a GWAS of 1039 bevacizumab-treated patients from four clinical trials (CALGB/Alliance). In the discovery set, rs444904 (G > A) in PIK3R5 was associated with an increased risk of sorafenib-induced hypertension (p = 0.006, OR = 3.88 95% CI 1.54–9.81). In the replication set, rs427554 (G > A) in PIK3R5 (in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs444904) was associated with an increased risk of bevacizumab-induced hypertension (p = 0.008, OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.09–1.78). This study identified a predictive marker of drug-induced hypertension that should be evaluated for other VEGF-pathway inhibitors. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00073307 (TARGET).
{"title":"PIK3R5 genetic predictors of hypertension induced by VEGF-pathway inhibitors","authors":"Julia C. F. Quintanilha, Alessandro Racioppi, Jin Wang, Amy S. Etheridge, Stefanie Denning, Carol E. Peña, Andrew D. Skol, Daniel J. Crona, Danyu Lin, Federico Innocenti","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00261-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00261-5","url":null,"abstract":"No biomarkers are available to predict patients at risk of developing hypertension induced by VEGF-pathway inhibitors. This study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers of hypertension induced by these drugs using a discovery-replication approach. The discovery set included 140 sorafenib-treated patients (TARGET study) genotyped for 973 SNPs in 56 genes. The most statistically significant SNPs associated with grade ≥2 hypertension were tested for association with grade ≥2 hypertension in the replication set of a GWAS of 1039 bevacizumab-treated patients from four clinical trials (CALGB/Alliance). In the discovery set, rs444904 (G > A) in PIK3R5 was associated with an increased risk of sorafenib-induced hypertension (p = 0.006, OR = 3.88 95% CI 1.54–9.81). In the replication set, rs427554 (G > A) in PIK3R5 (in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs444904) was associated with an increased risk of bevacizumab-induced hypertension (p = 0.008, OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.09–1.78). This study identified a predictive marker of drug-induced hypertension that should be evaluated for other VEGF-pathway inhibitors. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00073307 (TARGET).","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00259-z
Maaike van der Lee, William J. Rowell, Roberta Menafra, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Jesse J. Swen, Seyed Yahya Anvar
The use of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice is becoming standard of care. However, due to the complex genetic makeup of pharmacogenes, not all genetic variation is currently accounted for. Here, we show the utility of long-read sequencing to resolve complex pharmacogenes by analyzing a well-characterised sample. This data consists of long reads that were processed to resolve phased haploblocks. 73% of pharmacogenes were fully covered in one phased haploblock, including 9/15 genes that are 100% complex. Variant calling accuracy in the pharmacogenes was high, with 99.8% recall and 100% precision for SNVs and 98.7% precision and 98.0% recall for Indels. For the majority of gene-drug interactions in the DPWG and CPIC guidelines, the associated genes could be fully resolved (62% and 63% respectively). Together, these findings suggest that long-read sequencing data offers promising opportunities in elucidating complex pharmacogenes and haplotype phasing while maintaining accurate variant calling.
{"title":"Application of long-read sequencing to elucidate complex pharmacogenomic regions: a proof of principle","authors":"Maaike van der Lee, William J. Rowell, Roberta Menafra, Henk-Jan Guchelaar, Jesse J. Swen, Seyed Yahya Anvar","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00259-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00259-z","url":null,"abstract":"The use of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice is becoming standard of care. However, due to the complex genetic makeup of pharmacogenes, not all genetic variation is currently accounted for. Here, we show the utility of long-read sequencing to resolve complex pharmacogenes by analyzing a well-characterised sample. This data consists of long reads that were processed to resolve phased haploblocks. 73% of pharmacogenes were fully covered in one phased haploblock, including 9/15 genes that are 100% complex. Variant calling accuracy in the pharmacogenes was high, with 99.8% recall and 100% precision for SNVs and 98.7% precision and 98.0% recall for Indels. For the majority of gene-drug interactions in the DPWG and CPIC guidelines, the associated genes could be fully resolved (62% and 63% respectively). Together, these findings suggest that long-read sequencing data offers promising opportunities in elucidating complex pharmacogenes and haplotype phasing while maintaining accurate variant calling.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10649224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00251-7
C. R. S. Uppugunduri, P. Huezo-Diaz Curtis, T. Nava, M. A. Rezgui, V. Mlakar, S. Jurkovic Mlakar, N. Waespe, Y. Théoret, F. Gumy-Pause, F. Bernard, Y. Chalandon, J. J. Boelens, R. G. M. Bredius, J. H. Dalle, C. Nath, S. Corbacioglu, C. Peters, P. Bader, P. Shaw, H. Bittencourt, M. Krajinovic, M. Ansari
Acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD) grades 2–4 occurs in 15–60% of pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The collateral damage to normal tissue by conditioning regimens administered prior to allo-HSCT serve as an initial trigger for aGvHD. DNA-repair mechanisms may play an important role in mitigating this initial damage, and so the variants in corresponding DNA-repair protein-coding genes via affecting their quantity and/or function. We explored 51 variants within 17 DNA-repair genes for their association with aGvHD grades 2–4 in 60 pediatric patients. The cumulative incidence of aGvHD 2–4 was 12% (n = 7) in the exploratory cohort. MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) and EXO rs9350 (c.2270C>T) variants were associated with aGvHD 2–4 [Odds ratios = 14.8 (0 events out of 40 in rs10764881 GG group) and 11.5 (95% CI: 2.3–191.8), respectively, multiple testing corrected p ≤ 0.001]. Upon evaluation in an extended cohort (n = 182) with an incidence of aGvHD 2–4 of 22% (n = 40), only MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) remained significant (adjusted HR = 2.05 [95% CI: 1.06–3.94]; p = 0.03) in the presence of other clinical risk factors. Higher MGMT expression was seen in GG carriers for rs10764881 and was associated with higher IC50 of Busulfan in lymphoblastoid cells. MGMT rs10764881 carrier status could predict aGvHD occurrence in pediatric patients undergoing allo-HSCT.
{"title":"Association study of candidate DNA-repair gene variants and acute graft versus host disease in pediatric patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation","authors":"C. R. S. Uppugunduri, P. Huezo-Diaz Curtis, T. Nava, M. A. Rezgui, V. Mlakar, S. Jurkovic Mlakar, N. Waespe, Y. Théoret, F. Gumy-Pause, F. Bernard, Y. Chalandon, J. J. Boelens, R. G. M. Bredius, J. H. Dalle, C. Nath, S. Corbacioglu, C. Peters, P. Bader, P. Shaw, H. Bittencourt, M. Krajinovic, M. Ansari","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00251-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00251-7","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD) grades 2–4 occurs in 15–60% of pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The collateral damage to normal tissue by conditioning regimens administered prior to allo-HSCT serve as an initial trigger for aGvHD. DNA-repair mechanisms may play an important role in mitigating this initial damage, and so the variants in corresponding DNA-repair protein-coding genes via affecting their quantity and/or function. We explored 51 variants within 17 DNA-repair genes for their association with aGvHD grades 2–4 in 60 pediatric patients. The cumulative incidence of aGvHD 2–4 was 12% (n = 7) in the exploratory cohort. MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) and EXO rs9350 (c.2270C>T) variants were associated with aGvHD 2–4 [Odds ratios = 14.8 (0 events out of 40 in rs10764881 GG group) and 11.5 (95% CI: 2.3–191.8), respectively, multiple testing corrected p ≤ 0.001]. Upon evaluation in an extended cohort (n = 182) with an incidence of aGvHD 2–4 of 22% (n = 40), only MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) remained significant (adjusted HR = 2.05 [95% CI: 1.06–3.94]; p = 0.03) in the presence of other clinical risk factors. Higher MGMT expression was seen in GG carriers for rs10764881 and was associated with higher IC50 of Busulfan in lymphoblastoid cells. MGMT rs10764881 carrier status could predict aGvHD occurrence in pediatric patients undergoing allo-HSCT.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8794787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9201668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00258-0
Eric T. Matey, Ashley Kate Ragan, Lance J. Oyen, Carolyn R. Vitek, Stacy L. Aoudia, Ahmed K. Ragab, Kelliann C. Fee-Schroeder, John L. Black, Ann M. Moyer, Wayne T. Nicholson, Sofia Shrestha, Tammy M. McAllister, Jason P. Sinnwell, Stephanie S. Faubion, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
The Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Profile Service was a proof-of-concept project to implement PGx in patient care at Mayo Clinic. Eighty-two healthy individuals aged 18 and older underwent genotyping of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLCO1B1, HLA-B*58:01, and VKORC1. A PGx pharmacist was involved in ordering, meeting with patients, interpreting, reviewing, and documenting results. Ninety three percent were CYP1A2 rapid metabolizers, 92% CYP3A4 normal metabolizers, and 88% CYP3A5 poor metabolizers; phenotype frequencies for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 varied. Seventy-three percent had normal functioning SLCO1B1 transporter, 4% carried the HLA-B*58:01 risk variant, and 35% carried VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants that increased warfarin sensitivity. Pre-emptive PGx testing offered medication improvement opportunity in 56% of participants for commonly used medications. A collaborative approach involving a PGx pharmacist integrated within a clinical practice with regards to utility of PGx results allowed for implementation of the PGx Profile Service.
{"title":"Nine-gene pharmacogenomics profile service: The Mayo Clinic experience","authors":"Eric T. Matey, Ashley Kate Ragan, Lance J. Oyen, Carolyn R. Vitek, Stacy L. Aoudia, Ahmed K. Ragab, Kelliann C. Fee-Schroeder, John L. Black, Ann M. Moyer, Wayne T. Nicholson, Sofia Shrestha, Tammy M. McAllister, Jason P. Sinnwell, Stephanie S. Faubion, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00258-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00258-0","url":null,"abstract":"The Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Profile Service was a proof-of-concept project to implement PGx in patient care at Mayo Clinic. Eighty-two healthy individuals aged 18 and older underwent genotyping of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLCO1B1, HLA-B*58:01, and VKORC1. A PGx pharmacist was involved in ordering, meeting with patients, interpreting, reviewing, and documenting results. Ninety three percent were CYP1A2 rapid metabolizers, 92% CYP3A4 normal metabolizers, and 88% CYP3A5 poor metabolizers; phenotype frequencies for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 varied. Seventy-three percent had normal functioning SLCO1B1 transporter, 4% carried the HLA-B*58:01 risk variant, and 35% carried VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants that increased warfarin sensitivity. Pre-emptive PGx testing offered medication improvement opportunity in 56% of participants for commonly used medications. A collaborative approach involving a PGx pharmacist integrated within a clinical practice with regards to utility of PGx results allowed for implementation of the PGx Profile Service.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9216849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00257-1
Leonardo A. Guerra, Christelle Lteif, Meghan J. Arwood, Caitrin W. McDonough, Leanne Dumeny, Ankit A. Desai, Larisa H. Cavallari, Julio D. Duarte
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differential beta-blocker (BB) effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction in various patient populations. This study aimed to determine if SNPs previously associated with BB response are also associated with differential survival in heart failure (HF) patients receiving BBs. HF patient data were derived from electronic health records and the Social Security Death Index. Associations and interactions between BB dose, SNP genotype, and the outcome of death were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazard model adjusting for covariates known to be associated with differential survival in HF patients. Two SNPs, ADRB1 Arg389Gly and ADRB2 Glu27Gln, displayed significant interactions (Pint = 0.043 and Pint = 0.017, respectively) with BB dose and their association with mortality. Our study suggests that ADRB2 27Glu and ADRB1 389Arg may confer a larger survival benefit with higher BB doses in patients with HF.
{"title":"Genetic polymorphisms in ADRB2 and ADRB1 are associated with differential survival in heart failure patients taking β-blockers","authors":"Leonardo A. Guerra, Christelle Lteif, Meghan J. Arwood, Caitrin W. McDonough, Leanne Dumeny, Ankit A. Desai, Larisa H. Cavallari, Julio D. Duarte","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00257-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00257-1","url":null,"abstract":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differential beta-blocker (BB) effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction in various patient populations. This study aimed to determine if SNPs previously associated with BB response are also associated with differential survival in heart failure (HF) patients receiving BBs. HF patient data were derived from electronic health records and the Social Security Death Index. Associations and interactions between BB dose, SNP genotype, and the outcome of death were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazard model adjusting for covariates known to be associated with differential survival in HF patients. Two SNPs, ADRB1 Arg389Gly and ADRB2 Glu27Gln, displayed significant interactions (Pint = 0.043 and Pint = 0.017, respectively) with BB dose and their association with mortality. Our study suggests that ADRB2 27Glu and ADRB1 389Arg may confer a larger survival benefit with higher BB doses in patients with HF.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10640940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00256-2
Negin Soroush, Albert-Jan Aarnoudse, Maryam Kavousi, Jan A. Kors, M. Arfan Ikram, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Fariba Ahmadizar, Bruno H. Stricker
Digoxin is characterized by a small therapeutic window and a QT-interval shortening effect. Moreover, it has been shown that the genetic variants of the nitric oxide synthase-1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene are associated with QT-interval prolongation. We investigated whether the rs10494366 variant of the NOS1AP gene decreases the QT-interval shortening effect of digoxin in patients using this drug. We included 10,057 individuals from the prospective population-based cohort of the Rotterdam Study during a median of 12.2 (interquartile range (IQR) 6.7–18.1) years of follow-up. At study entry, the mean age was 64 years and almost 59% of participants were women. A total of 23,179 ECGs were longitudinally recorded, of which 334 ECGs were from 249 individuals on digoxin therapy. The linear mixed model analysis was used to estimate the effect of the rs10494366 variant on the association between digoxin use and QT-interval duration, adjusted for age, sex, RR interval, diabetes, heart failure, and history of myocardial infarction. In non-users of digoxin, the GG genotype was associated with a significant 6.5 ms [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5; 7.5] longer QT-interval duration than the TT variant. In current digoxin users, however, the GG variant was associated with a significantly −23.9 [95%CI −29.5; −18.5] ms shorter mean QT-interval duration than in those with the TT variant with −15.9 [95%CI −18.7; −13.1]. This reduction was strongest in the high digoxin dose category [≥0.250 mg/day] with the GG genotype group, with −40.8 [95%CI −52.5; −29.2] ms changes compared to non-users. Our study suggests that the minor homozygous GG genotype group of the NOS1AP gene rs10494366 variant is associated with a paradoxical increase of the QT-interval shortening effect of digoxin in a population of European ancestry.
{"title":"A NOS1AP gene variant is associated with a paradoxical increase of the QT-interval shortening effect of digoxin","authors":"Negin Soroush, Albert-Jan Aarnoudse, Maryam Kavousi, Jan A. Kors, M. Arfan Ikram, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Fariba Ahmadizar, Bruno H. Stricker","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00256-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00256-2","url":null,"abstract":"Digoxin is characterized by a small therapeutic window and a QT-interval shortening effect. Moreover, it has been shown that the genetic variants of the nitric oxide synthase-1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene are associated with QT-interval prolongation. We investigated whether the rs10494366 variant of the NOS1AP gene decreases the QT-interval shortening effect of digoxin in patients using this drug. We included 10,057 individuals from the prospective population-based cohort of the Rotterdam Study during a median of 12.2 (interquartile range (IQR) 6.7–18.1) years of follow-up. At study entry, the mean age was 64 years and almost 59% of participants were women. A total of 23,179 ECGs were longitudinally recorded, of which 334 ECGs were from 249 individuals on digoxin therapy. The linear mixed model analysis was used to estimate the effect of the rs10494366 variant on the association between digoxin use and QT-interval duration, adjusted for age, sex, RR interval, diabetes, heart failure, and history of myocardial infarction. In non-users of digoxin, the GG genotype was associated with a significant 6.5 ms [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5; 7.5] longer QT-interval duration than the TT variant. In current digoxin users, however, the GG variant was associated with a significantly −23.9 [95%CI −29.5; −18.5] ms shorter mean QT-interval duration than in those with the TT variant with −15.9 [95%CI −18.7; −13.1]. This reduction was strongest in the high digoxin dose category [≥0.250 mg/day] with the GG genotype group, with −40.8 [95%CI −52.5; −29.2] ms changes compared to non-users. Our study suggests that the minor homozygous GG genotype group of the NOS1AP gene rs10494366 variant is associated with a paradoxical increase of the QT-interval shortening effect of digoxin in a population of European ancestry.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10647146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-09DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00254-4
Camila de Almeida Velozo, Tailah Bernardo de Almeida, Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de Azevedo, Isabela Espasandin, Jorge Francisco da Cunha Pinto, Sheila López, Luciana Pizzatti, Amilcar Tanuri, Sabrina da Silva Santos, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Cynthia Chester Cardoso
Virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug absorption and metabolism genes. Here, we characterized the associations between polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 enzymes’ genes CYP2B6 and CYP3A4/A5, nuclear receptor genes NR1I2/3, and initial ART efficacy among 203 HIV-positive individuals from Rio de Janeiro. Association between SNPs and virologic control was evaluated after 6 and 12 months of follow-up using Cox regression models. The SNP rs2307424 (NR1I3) was associated with increased virologic response after 12 months of treatment, while rs1523127 (NR1I2), rs3003596, and rs2502815 (NR1I3) were associated with decreased response. Increased virologic response after 12 months (adjHR = 1.54; p = 0.02) was also observed among carriers of the NR1I3 haplotype rs2502815G-rs3003596A-rs2307424A versus the reference haplotype G-A-G. Our results suggest that NR1I2 and NR1I3 variants are associated with virologic responses to ART among Brazilians.
{"title":"Polymorphisms at CYP enzymes, NR1I2 and NR1I3 in association with virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in Brazilian HIV-positive individuals","authors":"Camila de Almeida Velozo, Tailah Bernardo de Almeida, Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes de Azevedo, Isabela Espasandin, Jorge Francisco da Cunha Pinto, Sheila López, Luciana Pizzatti, Amilcar Tanuri, Sabrina da Silva Santos, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Cynthia Chester Cardoso","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00254-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00254-4","url":null,"abstract":"Virologic failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug absorption and metabolism genes. Here, we characterized the associations between polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 enzymes’ genes CYP2B6 and CYP3A4/A5, nuclear receptor genes NR1I2/3, and initial ART efficacy among 203 HIV-positive individuals from Rio de Janeiro. Association between SNPs and virologic control was evaluated after 6 and 12 months of follow-up using Cox regression models. The SNP rs2307424 (NR1I3) was associated with increased virologic response after 12 months of treatment, while rs1523127 (NR1I2), rs3003596, and rs2502815 (NR1I3) were associated with decreased response. Increased virologic response after 12 months (adjHR = 1.54; p = 0.02) was also observed among carriers of the NR1I3 haplotype rs2502815G-rs3003596A-rs2307424A versus the reference haplotype G-A-G. Our results suggest that NR1I2 and NR1I3 variants are associated with virologic responses to ART among Brazilians.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00253-5
Guang-dan Zhu, Penn Whitley, Leah LaRue, Brandon Adkins, Eric Dawson, Angela Huskey, Edmund V. Capparelli, Andria L. Del Tredici
Urine drug testing (UDT) is a tool for monitoring drug use, including oxycodone. While variation in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes is known to alter oxycodone metabolism, its impact on UDT results of oxycodone and its metabolites has not been well-studied. Here, multivariate analysis was performed on retrospective UDT results of 90,379 specimens collected from 14,684 genotyped patients prescribed oxycodone. Genetic variation in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 had a significant impact on oxymorphone/oxycodone ratios, with a 6.9-fold difference between CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs; p < 10−300) and a 1.6-fold difference between CYP2C19 UMs and PMs (p = 1.50 × 10−4). CYP2D6 variation also significantly impacted noroxycodone/oxycodone ratios (p = 6.95 × 10−38). Oxycodone-positive specimens from CYP2D6 PMs were ~5-fold more likely to be oxymorphone-negative compared to normal metabolizers. These findings indicate that multivariate analysis of UDT data may be used to reveal the real-world impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on drug metabolism.
{"title":"Impact of genetic variation in CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 on oxycodone and its metabolites in a large database of clinical urine drug tests","authors":"Guang-dan Zhu, Penn Whitley, Leah LaRue, Brandon Adkins, Eric Dawson, Angela Huskey, Edmund V. Capparelli, Andria L. Del Tredici","doi":"10.1038/s41397-021-00253-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41397-021-00253-5","url":null,"abstract":"Urine drug testing (UDT) is a tool for monitoring drug use, including oxycodone. While variation in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes is known to alter oxycodone metabolism, its impact on UDT results of oxycodone and its metabolites has not been well-studied. Here, multivariate analysis was performed on retrospective UDT results of 90,379 specimens collected from 14,684 genotyped patients prescribed oxycodone. Genetic variation in CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 had a significant impact on oxymorphone/oxycodone ratios, with a 6.9-fold difference between CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs; p < 10−300) and a 1.6-fold difference between CYP2C19 UMs and PMs (p = 1.50 × 10−4). CYP2D6 variation also significantly impacted noroxycodone/oxycodone ratios (p = 6.95 × 10−38). Oxycodone-positive specimens from CYP2D6 PMs were ~5-fold more likely to be oxymorphone-negative compared to normal metabolizers. These findings indicate that multivariate analysis of UDT data may be used to reveal the real-world impact of genetic and non-genetic factors on drug metabolism.","PeriodicalId":54624,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacogenomics Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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