Pediatric Annals最新文献

While the importance of medical professionalism is widely recognized, strategies for incentivizing positive professionalism have not been formally reviewed. We reviewed available literature on interventions to promote professionalism in training and practice to identify common themes and differentiate extrinsic vs intrinsic motivators. Among 24 relevant articles identified for review, 4 programmatic themes emerged: recognition and rewards (extrinsic motivators), and review of performance and reflection (intrinsic motivators). Most incentive programs were geared toward medical students or faculty, and few studies included outcomes data, although the reported findings suggested a positive impact. Incentive programs, such as awards programs, recognition of role models, feedback, coaching, and reflection, appear to promote positive professional behaviors, though further study is needed to facilitate optimal integration of best practices across training and practice. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e446-e451.].

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Within a span of a few months, it was deemed a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. It was first thought to affect the adult population, but soon after, cases of COVID-19 in children started emerging. As more and more pediatric cases started unveiling, an entity called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that replicated Kawasaki disease was established. More recently, it has been noted that children have persistent symptoms for weeks or months after acute COVID-19 infection, and the term coined for these symptoms is "long COVID." This section of the review will summarize the respiratory, cardiovascular, dermatological, and gastroenterological manifestations noted in infants in three broad categories: acute COVID, MIS-C, and long COVID. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e473-e477.].

Fueled by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy has become more pronounced and challenging given the increased distrust of science, pervasiveness of misinformation, and polarization of ideas. As such, pediatric providers are increasingly on the frontline of vaccine conversations with their patients, families, colleagues, and communities. To respond effectively to vaccine hesitancy, providers should employ professionalism in all aspects of their practice, including commitment to learning and growth, cultural awareness and humility, ethical responsibility to self and others, oral communication, reliability and dependability, teamwork, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning, and the engagement in public discourse around vaccines. By ensuring excellence in each professionalism domain, pediatric providers will have the best chance of enhancing vaccine positivity and minimizing vaccine hesitancy. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e465-e472.].

Electronic health records (EHRs) have become integral to modern health care, facilitating documentation, billing, and care coordination. However, their increasing use introduces potential challenges to professionalism in the patient-physician relationship. This article explores both the positive and negative impacts of EHRs on professional behaviors, including empathy, communication, and efficiency. We discuss strategies to enhance professionalism in EHR use, with a focus on training and education for medical professionals. We also highlight the importance of patient engagement and shared decision-making in navigating the evolving digital landscape of health care. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e458-e464.].

The school building provides a unique opportunity to prevent, identify, and treat illness in children. School staff must be prepared to care for children with acute and chronic health care needs and pediatricians should be aware of the health resources available in local schools for their patients. This article provides an overview of multiple school-based health topics including the roles of various school health professionals, medication administration in the school setting, the legal protections around health information, school-based health centers, and the rise of telehealth. Most importantly, this article reminds providers that school-based health resources are all unique to each school and school district; all parents of children with health needs should meet with their school's administration to understand what resources are available. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(12):e435-e437.].

As we better understand how to deliver the most effective medical simulation, the applications and indications are growing. One way to extend the impact of these tools and methods is for community education and empowerment. Developing mobile simulation units with the intent to reach health care and community settings is a way to add value to a costly but worthy endeavor. Here we focus on developing bundles of medical simulation for pediatric populations and their families, including curricular objectives, considerations for psychological safety, and operations. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(11):e420-e424.].

Bacterial meningitis is a devastating disease with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in neonates and young infants. The overall incidence of meningitis has decreased with focused screening, public health interventions, and vaccination, but the disease remains a significant concern in high-risk groups. In this review, we provide an update on bacterial meningitis in children younger than age 60 days, including epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment, and prognosis. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(11):e425-e432.].

Health care educators may enhance learning with thoughtful incorporation of game elements. Gamification has shown success across various fields in medical education. It has demonstrated deeper engagement by leveraging both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. While beneficial, gamification requires thoughtful implementation to increase active learning and avoid potential negative effects, such as unhealthy competition. Serious games integrate learning objectives directly within their framework, making the educational experience an intrinsic part of gameplay. These games are specifically designed to enhance knowledge and skills while promoting decision making, teamwork, and communication. The immersive nature of serious games requires players to actively engage and apply their knowledge to solve complex problems. Serious games and simulation represent transformative educational approaches that not only enhance learning and retention but also develop essential competencies crucial for health care professionals. These strategies, when combined with effective debriefing, provide a robust framework to enrich education and training in health care. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(11):e401-e407.].