{"title":"Isabella Kauakea Yau Yung Aiona Abbott1 Contributions to a Celebration of the Centennial of Her Birth","authors":"Rosie Alegado, Cindy Hunter, Celia Smith","doi":"10.2984/75.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keanu Rochette-Yu Tsuen, Claire Lager, Michael C. Ross, M. Hagedorn
Abstract: The native Hawaiian plant, Scaevola taccada, commonly grows in tropical coastal areas throughout the Pacific and Indian oceans. Oral tradition suggests that the fruit of this species may have been used as a natural sunblock. To examine this, an extract of S. taccada fruit was tested to determine whether it had UV-absorbing properties, and if so, to determine its stability and potential toxicity to coral. Scaevola taccada contained UV-absorbing compound(s) with a sun-protection factor of 20, on average, that absorbed in the UVB and UVA (19.6% and 24.4% absorbance, respectively). The UV stability of the fruit extract over time and to various treatments (fresh, heated, and frozen) did not change (ANOVA, p = .396, F = 1.018). In addition, we examined the toxicity of S. taccada juice by exposing coral fragments of Porites compressa (n = 7) to four treatments (fresh and heated S. taccada extract, cytotoxic Montipora capitata eggs, and filtered seawater control). Changes in color and photosynthetic yield in treated tissue areas were measured after 4 days. Only the concentrated S. taccada fruit extract and M. capitata eggs resulted in significant changes in pigmentation or photosynthetic yield of the coral (p ≤ .0001). Further investigation is needed to isolate and expand tests on the UV-absorbing component(s) to understand this toxicity more clearly.
{"title":"Examining the UV-Absorbing Properties of Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) and Its Potential Use as a Sunscreen","authors":"Keanu Rochette-Yu Tsuen, Claire Lager, Michael C. Ross, M. Hagedorn","doi":"10.2984/75.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The native Hawaiian plant, Scaevola taccada, commonly grows in tropical coastal areas throughout the Pacific and Indian oceans. Oral tradition suggests that the fruit of this species may have been used as a natural sunblock. To examine this, an extract of S. taccada fruit was tested to determine whether it had UV-absorbing properties, and if so, to determine its stability and potential toxicity to coral. Scaevola taccada contained UV-absorbing compound(s) with a sun-protection factor of 20, on average, that absorbed in the UVB and UVA (19.6% and 24.4% absorbance, respectively). The UV stability of the fruit extract over time and to various treatments (fresh, heated, and frozen) did not change (ANOVA, p = .396, F = 1.018). In addition, we examined the toxicity of S. taccada juice by exposing coral fragments of Porites compressa (n = 7) to four treatments (fresh and heated S. taccada extract, cytotoxic Montipora capitata eggs, and filtered seawater control). Changes in color and photosynthetic yield in treated tissue areas were measured after 4 days. Only the concentrated S. taccada fruit extract and M. capitata eggs resulted in significant changes in pigmentation or photosynthetic yield of the coral (p ≤ .0001). Further investigation is needed to isolate and expand tests on the UV-absorbing component(s) to understand this toxicity more clearly.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sherwood, M. O. Paiano, Feresa P. Cabrera, Heather L. Spalding, B. Hauk, R. Kosaki
Abstract: A new species of mesophotic marine red algae, Ethelia hawaiiensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described. Ethelia hawaiiensis is distinguished from other members of the genus by its large diameter assurgent filament cells, and in having thallus cavities that are frequently inhabited by microalgae, as well as in DNA sequence. Analyses of mitochondrial COI, plastid rbcL, and nuclear SSU sequences demonstrated that E. hawaiiensis was distinct from other species of Ethelia and that it was not phylogenetically closely related to other known species. Both COI and rbcL analyses placed E. hawaiiensis within a clade of other Ethelia sequences, while the SSU analyses, which only included two previously described species of Ethelia, resolved E. hawaiiensis as sister to a clade comprising Ethelia plus the Peyssonneliales. Morphological differences between E. hawaiiensis and other members of the genus are discussed.
{"title":"Ethelia hawaiiensis (Etheliaceae, Rhodophyta), a New Mesophotic Marine Alga from Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll), Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, Hawai‘i1","authors":"A. Sherwood, M. O. Paiano, Feresa P. Cabrera, Heather L. Spalding, B. Hauk, R. Kosaki","doi":"10.2984/75.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A new species of mesophotic marine red algae, Ethelia hawaiiensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described. Ethelia hawaiiensis is distinguished from other members of the genus by its large diameter assurgent filament cells, and in having thallus cavities that are frequently inhabited by microalgae, as well as in DNA sequence. Analyses of mitochondrial COI, plastid rbcL, and nuclear SSU sequences demonstrated that E. hawaiiensis was distinct from other species of Ethelia and that it was not phylogenetically closely related to other known species. Both COI and rbcL analyses placed E. hawaiiensis within a clade of other Ethelia sequences, while the SSU analyses, which only included two previously described species of Ethelia, resolved E. hawaiiensis as sister to a clade comprising Ethelia plus the Peyssonneliales. Morphological differences between E. hawaiiensis and other members of the genus are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45378738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sherwood, M. O. Paiano, R. Wade, Feresa C. Cabrera, Heather L. Spalding, R. Kosaki
Abstract: Two specimens of the crustose red algal genus Ramicrusta were collected off Lehua Island, Hawai‘i, at 11 m and 49 m depth in September 2018, and are here described as new species on the basis of both molecular and morphological comparisons. Ramicrusta hawaiiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the 12 other known species in the genus by the combination of its gross habit and coloration, pronounced perithallial zonation, frequent and robust rhizoids, presence of hair cells, and by distinctive COI and rbcL marker sequences, and represents a mesophotic record of the genus Ramicrusta. Similarly, Ramicrusta lehuensis sp. nov. is distinctive in the combination of its gross habit and coloration, less-pronounced perithallial zonation, presence of frequent and robust rhizoids as well as hair cells, and is also distinct in COI and rbcL marker sequences. These records constitute the first for the genus Ramicrusta in Hawai‘i, and highlight the cryptic diversity of peyssonnelioid red algae in the Hawaiian Islands. This study also adds to the growing list of novel algal species being characterized from mesophotic depths in Hawai‘i—a habitat which is being shown to contain numerous undescribed taxa and records of species and genera previously unknown to the Islands. This initial record of Ramicrusta in Hawaiian waters is noteworthy given the recent reports of members of the genus overgrowing and killing corals in the Caribbean and South China Sea.
{"title":"Biodiversity of Hawaiian Peyssonneliales (Rhodophyta). 1. Two New Species in the Genus Ramicrusta from Lehua Island1","authors":"A. Sherwood, M. O. Paiano, R. Wade, Feresa C. Cabrera, Heather L. Spalding, R. Kosaki","doi":"10.2984/75.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Two specimens of the crustose red algal genus Ramicrusta were collected off Lehua Island, Hawai‘i, at 11 m and 49 m depth in September 2018, and are here described as new species on the basis of both molecular and morphological comparisons. Ramicrusta hawaiiensis sp. nov. is distinguished from the 12 other known species in the genus by the combination of its gross habit and coloration, pronounced perithallial zonation, frequent and robust rhizoids, presence of hair cells, and by distinctive COI and rbcL marker sequences, and represents a mesophotic record of the genus Ramicrusta. Similarly, Ramicrusta lehuensis sp. nov. is distinctive in the combination of its gross habit and coloration, less-pronounced perithallial zonation, presence of frequent and robust rhizoids as well as hair cells, and is also distinct in COI and rbcL marker sequences. These records constitute the first for the genus Ramicrusta in Hawai‘i, and highlight the cryptic diversity of peyssonnelioid red algae in the Hawaiian Islands. This study also adds to the growing list of novel algal species being characterized from mesophotic depths in Hawai‘i—a habitat which is being shown to contain numerous undescribed taxa and records of species and genera previously unknown to the Islands. This initial record of Ramicrusta in Hawaiian waters is noteworthy given the recent reports of members of the genus overgrowing and killing corals in the Caribbean and South China Sea.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42332676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Huisman, R. D’archino, W. Nelson, S. Boo, A. Petrocelli
Abstract: The new species Hypnea corona Huisman & Petrocelli is described to accommodate specimens from Australia, New Zealand, Italy, and Japan that were previously included in the Hypnea cornuta complex but were shown by recent molecular studies to represent a species-level clade. Hypnea corona produces distinctive stellate, starch-filled propagules that are easily dislodged and serve as vegetative reproductive structures. However, similar structures are found in closely related species and thus H. corona is distinguished primarily by unique rbcL barcode sequences.
{"title":"Cryptic Cryptogam Revealed: Hypnea corona (Gigartinales: Cystocloniaceae), a New Red Algal Species Described from the Hypnea cornuta Complex1,2","authors":"J. Huisman, R. D’archino, W. Nelson, S. Boo, A. Petrocelli","doi":"10.2984/75.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The new species Hypnea corona Huisman & Petrocelli is described to accommodate specimens from Australia, New Zealand, Italy, and Japan that were previously included in the Hypnea cornuta complex but were shown by recent molecular studies to represent a species-level clade. Hypnea corona produces distinctive stellate, starch-filled propagules that are easily dislodged and serve as vegetative reproductive structures. However, similar structures are found in closely related species and thus H. corona is distinguished primarily by unique rbcL barcode sequences.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The marine green alga Caulerpa bikinensis W. R. Taylor was described as a new species in 1950 from dredged specimens (37–57 m depth) from Bikini Atoll and Rongelap Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Its relative rareness in collections from waters less than 30 m deep from these atolls indicated that it favored the mesophotic coral ecosystem (MCE) at depths of 30–150 m. Published and unpublished records of this species over the past 70 years show its habitat preference on the seaward slopes of atolls and in lagoons. Observations were based on collections from Pacific atolls of the Marshall Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, and Johnston Atoll, and on the deep lagoonal reefs of Palau. Caulerpa bikinensis has also been recorded in shallow waters 1 m deep in dark microcavities on lagoonal pinnacles at Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Islands) and in Chuuk Lagoon, and 2 m deep at Raroia Atoll (Tuamotu Islands). Caulerpa bikinensis favors the deeper depths of the MCE for its low light intensity rather than its cooler temperature, and definitely shows a strong affinity to the high energy seaward slopes of calcareous Pacific atolls.
{"title":"Caulerpa Bikinensis (Chlorophyta) Preference for the Mesophotic Depths of Pacific Atolls1","authors":"R. Tsuda","doi":"10.2984/75.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The marine green alga Caulerpa bikinensis W. R. Taylor was described as a new species in 1950 from dredged specimens (37–57 m depth) from Bikini Atoll and Rongelap Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Its relative rareness in collections from waters less than 30 m deep from these atolls indicated that it favored the mesophotic coral ecosystem (MCE) at depths of 30–150 m. Published and unpublished records of this species over the past 70 years show its habitat preference on the seaward slopes of atolls and in lagoons. Observations were based on collections from Pacific atolls of the Marshall Islands, Tuamotu Islands, Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, and Johnston Atoll, and on the deep lagoonal reefs of Palau. Caulerpa bikinensis has also been recorded in shallow waters 1 m deep in dark microcavities on lagoonal pinnacles at Takapoto Atoll (Tuamotu Islands) and in Chuuk Lagoon, and 2 m deep at Raroia Atoll (Tuamotu Islands). Caulerpa bikinensis favors the deeper depths of the MCE for its low light intensity rather than its cooler temperature, and definitely shows a strong affinity to the high energy seaward slopes of calcareous Pacific atolls.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Schabetsberger, C. Jersabek, Z. Levkov, B. Ehrenfellner, Laulu Fialelei Enoka, S. A. Faiilagi
Abstract: We present a first limnological study of three humic crater lakes in the archipelago of Samoa. The basins of Lakes Lanoto‘o (17.5 m deep) and Olomaga (12.2 m) on Upolu Island and of Lake Mataulano (5.6 m) on Savai‘i Island developed during consecutive periods of volcanic activity ranging from the middle Pleistocene to the late Holocene. Lake Olomaga may be a permanently stratified meromictic lake, while stratified lakes Lanoto‘o and Mataulano contained oxygen down to the bottom. Forty-seven phytoplankton and 8 zooplankton taxa were identified in the pelagic zones of the three lakes. The Samoan endemic Diaphanosoma samoaensis, the cyclopoid Mesocyclops roberti originally described from neighboring archipelagos, and a hitherto undescribed species of Microcyclops were recorded. Lake Lanoto‘o is the only lake with introduced fish: goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked and it harbored more than four times more phytobiomass (8 mg L-1) than the smaller, unstocked lakes (1.2–1.6 mg L-1). Fish introduction poses a threat to unstocked lakes in Samoa. Measures should be taken to protect them from any alterations.
{"title":"Limnological Characterization of Three Tropical Crater Lakes in the Archipelago of Samoa (Lanoto‘o, Olomaga, Mataulano)1","authors":"R. Schabetsberger, C. Jersabek, Z. Levkov, B. Ehrenfellner, Laulu Fialelei Enoka, S. A. Faiilagi","doi":"10.2984/75.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We present a first limnological study of three humic crater lakes in the archipelago of Samoa. The basins of Lakes Lanoto‘o (17.5 m deep) and Olomaga (12.2 m) on Upolu Island and of Lake Mataulano (5.6 m) on Savai‘i Island developed during consecutive periods of volcanic activity ranging from the middle Pleistocene to the late Holocene. Lake Olomaga may be a permanently stratified meromictic lake, while stratified lakes Lanoto‘o and Mataulano contained oxygen down to the bottom. Forty-seven phytoplankton and 8 zooplankton taxa were identified in the pelagic zones of the three lakes. The Samoan endemic Diaphanosoma samoaensis, the cyclopoid Mesocyclops roberti originally described from neighboring archipelagos, and a hitherto undescribed species of Microcyclops were recorded. Lake Lanoto‘o is the only lake with introduced fish: goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked and it harbored more than four times more phytobiomass (8 mg L-1) than the smaller, unstocked lakes (1.2–1.6 mg L-1). Fish introduction poses a threat to unstocked lakes in Samoa. Measures should be taken to protect them from any alterations.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The distribution of odontocetes on a daily scale is largely driven by bottom-up processes that in turn influence foraging opportunities. Environmental variables such as bathymetry may help indicate productive foraging regions and serve as useful tools when assessing dolphin spatial and temporal patterns. To begin to understand daily spatial patterns of different odontocete species relative to heterogeneous benthic habitat, passive acoustic monitoring was conducted near an understudied basin of the Hawaiian Islands, the Maui Nui region (Maui, Lāna‘i, Kaho‘olawe, Moloka‘i). Results showed that the acoustic activity of smaller species was stronger at night than day, particularly closer to shelf waters. In contrast, the acoustic activity of less common larger species tended not to follow a diel pattern, except at sites of a moderate proximity to shelf waters. These findings support previous research showing that smaller odontocetes, such as spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), track and feed upon the daily vertically migrating mesopelagic boundary community at night, while larger odontocetes, such as false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), may forage across most of the region during both the day and night. This information will help inform best management practices that account for interspecies variation in use of the Maui Nui basin.
{"title":"Investigating the Diel Occurrence of Odontocetes around the Maui Nui Region Using Passive Acoustic Techniques1","authors":"M. Howe, M. Lammers","doi":"10.2984/75.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The distribution of odontocetes on a daily scale is largely driven by bottom-up processes that in turn influence foraging opportunities. Environmental variables such as bathymetry may help indicate productive foraging regions and serve as useful tools when assessing dolphin spatial and temporal patterns. To begin to understand daily spatial patterns of different odontocete species relative to heterogeneous benthic habitat, passive acoustic monitoring was conducted near an understudied basin of the Hawaiian Islands, the Maui Nui region (Maui, Lāna‘i, Kaho‘olawe, Moloka‘i). Results showed that the acoustic activity of smaller species was stronger at night than day, particularly closer to shelf waters. In contrast, the acoustic activity of less common larger species tended not to follow a diel pattern, except at sites of a moderate proximity to shelf waters. These findings support previous research showing that smaller odontocetes, such as spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), track and feed upon the daily vertically migrating mesopelagic boundary community at night, while larger odontocetes, such as false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens), may forage across most of the region during both the day and night. This information will help inform best management practices that account for interspecies variation in use of the Maui Nui basin.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Kandert, H. Kreft, Nicole DiManno, Amanda L. Uowolo, S. Cordell, R. Ostertag
Abstract: Understanding microsite preferences of species at the sapling stage is crucial for successful forest restoration, as efforts can be concentrated onto the most promising sites, and invaded sites can be manipulated toward more suitable conditions for target species. The Hawaiian Lowland Wet Forest is a highly endemic and endangered ecosystem that has received limited attention in terms of research on recruitment dynamics. Our study combined density records and sapling-based measurements within a forest reserve, an invaded forest, a traditional restoration project and a novel restoration project. We recorded substrate type, soil depth, surface roughness, and light availability for 382 saplings of the four native tree species Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine lessertiana, Pipturus albidus, and Psychotria hawaiiensis, and 146 spots where the target species were absent. The invaded forest had the lowest native sapling density, lower light availability, and lower surface roughness than the remaining management units. The novel restoration project had more moss/nurselog sites and higher light availability than the remaining management units. The traditional restoration project was mainly characterized by rocky substrate. Metrosideros and Pipturus showed significantly higher light demand than Myrsine and Psychotria. Pipturus was associated with rough microsites and Metrosideros with moss/nurselog substrates. Our findings suggest that restoration strategies considering manipulation of the canopy light environment and microsite preferences of target species can better facilitate native recruitment into heavily invaded forests.
{"title":"Influence of Light and Substrate Conditions on Regeneration of Native Tree Saplings in the Hawaiian Lowland Wet Forest1","authors":"Susanne Kandert, H. Kreft, Nicole DiManno, Amanda L. Uowolo, S. Cordell, R. Ostertag","doi":"10.2984/75.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Understanding microsite preferences of species at the sapling stage is crucial for successful forest restoration, as efforts can be concentrated onto the most promising sites, and invaded sites can be manipulated toward more suitable conditions for target species. The Hawaiian Lowland Wet Forest is a highly endemic and endangered ecosystem that has received limited attention in terms of research on recruitment dynamics. Our study combined density records and sapling-based measurements within a forest reserve, an invaded forest, a traditional restoration project and a novel restoration project. We recorded substrate type, soil depth, surface roughness, and light availability for 382 saplings of the four native tree species Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine lessertiana, Pipturus albidus, and Psychotria hawaiiensis, and 146 spots where the target species were absent. The invaded forest had the lowest native sapling density, lower light availability, and lower surface roughness than the remaining management units. The novel restoration project had more moss/nurselog sites and higher light availability than the remaining management units. The traditional restoration project was mainly characterized by rocky substrate. Metrosideros and Pipturus showed significantly higher light demand than Myrsine and Psychotria. Pipturus was associated with rough microsites and Metrosideros with moss/nurselog substrates. Our findings suggest that restoration strategies considering manipulation of the canopy light environment and microsite preferences of target species can better facilitate native recruitment into heavily invaded forests.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47398775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The historical ecology of an area can be best understood from a biocultural perspective in which human social systems and ecosystems are interrelated and interdependent. We utilized such a perspective to investigate the effects of socioeconomic, political, and cultural viewpoints on the intentional introduction of at least 91 game species to Hawai‘i over the past 230 years. Historical records of game species introductions and inter-island translocations were described in relation to historical events since European contact (1778). Changes in public opinion toward game shifted according to the prevailing cultural climate of the time, corresponding with historical periods that can be demarcated by five major political events: European contact (1778), the Kingdom of Hawai‘i (1819), the Territory of Hawai‘i (1898), the end of World War II (1945), and the Endangered Species Act (1973). In Hawai‘i, environmental management approaches have been integrated with changing cultural values, and the resultant game management policies have reflected shifting views of game species from valuable food sources to recreational sport to ecological nuisance. Such recognition of the interrelationship between politics, economics, and ecosystems allows us to better utilize past lessons to bring about future change by encouraging resource managers to consider cultural factors when formulating effective present and future ecological management goals.
{"title":"The Historical Ecology of Game Species Introductions in Hawai‘i1","authors":"D. J. Duffy, Christopher A. Lepczyk","doi":"10.2984/75.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2984/75.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The historical ecology of an area can be best understood from a biocultural perspective in which human social systems and ecosystems are interrelated and interdependent. We utilized such a perspective to investigate the effects of socioeconomic, political, and cultural viewpoints on the intentional introduction of at least 91 game species to Hawai‘i over the past 230 years. Historical records of game species introductions and inter-island translocations were described in relation to historical events since European contact (1778). Changes in public opinion toward game shifted according to the prevailing cultural climate of the time, corresponding with historical periods that can be demarcated by five major political events: European contact (1778), the Kingdom of Hawai‘i (1819), the Territory of Hawai‘i (1898), the end of World War II (1945), and the Endangered Species Act (1973). In Hawai‘i, environmental management approaches have been integrated with changing cultural values, and the resultant game management policies have reflected shifting views of game species from valuable food sources to recreational sport to ecological nuisance. Such recognition of the interrelationship between politics, economics, and ecosystems allows us to better utilize past lessons to bring about future change by encouraging resource managers to consider cultural factors when formulating effective present and future ecological management goals.","PeriodicalId":54650,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47444451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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