Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine最新文献

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a syndrome caused by low energy availability that has significant physiological consequences. Bone stress injuries (BSIs), including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that occur when there is an imbalance of bone microdamage and its removal and replacement via bone remodeling. Female athletes are at particular risk of RED-S, which can manifest as bone stress injury, as well as associated pathologies including disordered eating and oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea. Female athletes should be screened for risk factors for RED-S so that it can be identified and treated early. BSIs can be diagnosed by patient history and physical examination, with imaging used for confirmation. Management of BSIs differ according to their location, with high-risk injuries requiring a highly nuanced treatment approach in the context of shared decision-making. These athletes should also be concurrently evaluated for low energy availability, which if identified may require addressing disordered eating, hormone deficiency, and inadequate nutrition with an interdisciplinary team. Return to sport decisions should be individualized while informed by published guidelines.

Female athletes are at a greater risk of knee injuries than males, which has been attributed to anatomic, biologic, and kinematic risk factors. Knee conditions such as anterior cruciate ligament tears and patellofemoral disorders are more commonly reported in females. There exist sex-specific differences in anatomy that may influence assessment and surgical treatment of knee injuries, such as intercondylar width in the case of ACL injuries and different numerical thresholds for defining trochlear dysplasia in patellar instability. In addition, female athletes may benefit from targeted rehabilitation and injury prevention programs that focus on sex-specific kinetic training to optimize dynamic muscular control, motion pattern techniques, and fatiguability. Postoperative rehabilitation with a specific focus on minimizing kinesiophobia and addressing psychological readiness for return to sport during rehabilitation may increase rates of return to play in female athletes followinginjury. Rates of return to play at the same competitive level following knee injuries are currently reported to be generally similar between male and female athletes, however, the types of sports in which female athletes participate continue to evolve. Continued research is needed to understand sex-specific considerations in the evaluation and treatment of knee injuries in this evolving population.

Female participation in sports, particularly contact sports, increases on a yearly basis, and injuries have become more prevalent with this trend. Despite this, there is a lack of research surrounding interrelated sex-based differences. Societal influences, fewer regulations, varying perceptions, and anatomic and physiological components contribute to an increased susceptibility to injury and potentially worse outcomes compared to male athletes. This chapter highlights various sex-based considerations and describes the most common shoulder injuries in female athletes.

Our article focuses on the specific orthopaedic considerations that arise during 3 important phases in a female athlete's life: pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. These life events bring about hormonal, physiological, and biomechanical changes that can significantly impact musculoskeletal health. Understanding and managing these considerations are crucial for healthcare providers, as they play a pivotal role in promoting optimal outcomes for women. This article explores the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies for the most common orthopaedic-related conditions, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach. By providing a comprehensive overview of orthopaedic considerations during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause, this article equips healthcare providers with the knowledge necessary to address the unique orthopaedic-related challenges faced by women at these stages of life.

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce pelvic floor dysfunction and treatment in female athletes. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a composed of a variety of disorders that involve some level of impairment of the pelvic floor musculature. Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect both sports performance and quality of life in female athletes. PFD during elite performance years can increase the likelihood of PFD symptoms later in life as well. This chapter delves into the anatomy, exam, and potential treatments of PFD to be aware of. There is crucial importance in early recognition and multi-disciplinary treatment plan tailored to these specific dysfunctions and compensatory muscle behaviors, postural imbalances, and psychosocial manifestations. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide for healthcare professionals and athletes to foster a holistic approach to female athlete well-being.

Female participation in sports has steadily increased over the past several decades, and so has the prevalence of injuries in the female athletic population. However, there has not been a concomitant increase in the literature discussing the specific injury patterns more common in this population. In particular, the incidence in ankle injuries is higher in female athletes compared to their male counterparts, specifically acute ligament, syndesmotic sprains, and chronic instability. This chapter aims to describe these ankle injuries with focus on the female athlete. We offer sex-specific treatment and rehabilitation strategies with the goal of providing improved care for the female athlete who sustains ankle injury.