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Internal Fixation of Unstable OCD Lesions with Metal Compression Screws: Techniques and Outcomes 金属加压螺钉内固定不稳定OCD病变:技术和结果
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151003
Ryan Quigley, Landon Frazier, Sachin Allahabadi, Brian J. Cole

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a pathologic condition that affects the subchondral bone and overlying articular cartilage with variable degrees of instability and detachment. The specific etiology is frequently unknown; however, it is thought to result from multifactorial contributions including acute trauma, recurrent microtrauma, inflammation, or inherited diseases involving vascular perfusion and ossification anomalies. Treatment is largely dictated by patient symptoms and their association with lesion stability, location, skeletal maturity, activity goals, and surgeon preference. Stable lesions can frequently be treated nonoperatively, but unstable lesions typically require surgical intervention that addresses lesion instability where possible. Arthroscopy is used to initially visualize and evaluate the lesion, followed by reduction and internal fixation. If the fragment is salvageable with a bony base, internal fixation with metal compression screws is a reliable strategy for enhancing patient outcomes with low rates of reoperation and failure. This review will focus on the surgical indications, techniques, and outcomes of internal fixation with metal compression screws in unstable OCD lesions of the knee.

夹层性骨软骨炎(OCD)是一种影响软骨下骨和上覆关节软骨的病理状况,具有不同程度的不稳定和脱离。具体的病因往往是未知的;然而,它被认为是由多种因素造成的,包括急性创伤、复发性微创伤、炎症或涉及血管灌注和骨化异常的遗传性疾病。治疗在很大程度上取决于患者症状及其与病变稳定性、位置、骨骼成熟度、活动目标和外科医生偏好的关系。稳定病变通常可以非手术治疗,但不稳定病变通常需要手术干预,以解决病变不稳定的可能。关节镜用于初步观察和评估病变,随后进行复位和内固定。如果碎片可以用骨基础修复,金属加压螺钉内固定是一种可靠的策略,可以提高患者的预后,降低再手术和失败率。本文将重点讨论金属加压螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型强迫症的手术指征、技术和疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Osteochondritis Dissecans 分离性肱骨小头骨软骨炎
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151000
Brian J. Cole, Daniel W. Green
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引用次数: 0
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions 同种异体骨软骨移植治疗夹层性骨软骨炎
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151007
Landon Frazier, Alexander C. Weissman, Allen A. Yazdi, Ryan Quigley, Katie J. McMorrow, Sachin Allahabadi, Brian J. Cole

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) poses a complex treatment challenge, particularly in cases of unstable lesions or in patients who have failed conservative management. Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) offers an effective solution for treating patients with large, multifocal, or complex OCD defects. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current concepts, indications, and operative techniques for OCA in the treatment of OCD of the knee. OCA addresses both cartilage and underlying osseous injury, offering numerous advantages over other restorative techniques, including replication of native anatomy and lower graft failure rates. Postoperative outcomes for OCA reveal long-term graft durability, reduced pain, and improved functionality. Advancements in graft preparation, such as pulsed lavage, pressurized carbon dioxide, and orthobiologics, have further improved allograft viability and operative success. This review serves as an overview of the application of OCA as a versatile and effective treatment for OCD of the knee, highlighting recent advancements, graft durability, and satisfactory postoperative patient-reported outcomes.

椎间盘骨软骨炎(OCD)是一个复杂的治疗挑战,尤其是在不稳定病变或保守治疗失败的患者中。同种异体骨软骨移植(OCA)为治疗大型、多灶或复杂强迫症患者提供了一种有效的解决方案。这篇综述对OCA治疗膝关节强迫症的当前概念、适应症和手术技术进行了深入分析。OCA既能解决软骨损伤,又能解决潜在的骨损伤,与其他修复技术相比具有许多优势,包括复制天然解剖结构和降低移植物失败率。OCA的术后结果显示了移植物的长期耐久性、疼痛减轻和功能改善。移植物制备的进步,如脉冲灌洗、加压二氧化碳和原生物制剂,进一步提高了移植物的生存能力和手术成功率。这篇综述概述了OCA作为一种多功能、有效的膝关节强迫症治疗方法的应用,强调了最新进展、移植物的耐久性和令人满意的术后患者报告的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Drilling of Stable Symptomatic Juvenile OCD: Techniques and Outcomes 稳定症状青少年强迫症的训练:技术和结果
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151002
Kaisen Yao , Benton E. Heyworth

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the skeletally immature patient are rare but have the potential to become debilitating if left untreated. For skeletally immature patients with stable OCD lesions who have failed nonoperative measures, drilling is often considered the gold standard for surgical treatment. The 3 main techniques of drilling include (1) trans-articular, (2) retro-articular, and (3) notch drilling, each of which have pertinent advantages and disadvantages which must be carefully considered based on the location and characteristics of the lesion, as well as surgeon experience and technical expertise. Outcomes of all 3 techniques show excellent results in patient reported outcome measures as well as very low complication and revision rates. To date, there are no high-level studies to date which have compared outcomes of each technique in prospective fashion.

骨骼发育不成熟患者的剥脱性骨软骨炎(OCD)病变很罕见,但如果不及时治疗,可能会使人衰弱。对于骨骼发育不成熟、有稳定强迫症病变且非手术措施失败的患者,钻孔通常被认为是手术治疗的黄金标准。钻孔的三种主要技术包括(1)跨关节、(2)后关节和(3)切口钻孔,每种技术都有相关的优点和缺点,必须根据病变的位置和特征以及外科医生的经验和技术专长仔细考虑。所有3种技术的结果在患者报告的结果测量中显示出优异的结果,并且并发症和翻修率非常低。到目前为止,还没有高水平的研究以前瞻性的方式比较每种技术的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Unstable Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) Lesion Fixation with Sutures Bridge Fixation 不稳定型椎间盘炎(OCD)病灶缝合桥固定
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151004
Henry B. Ellis Jr , Benjamin Johnson , Charles Wyatt , Philip L. Wilson

Treatment principles of osteochondritis dissecans management are predicated upon improving the biology and stability of the subchondral bone and unossified epiphyseal cartilage to preserve the integrity of the scaffold providing support to the articular cartilage. Desirable characteristics of fixation options for these lesions include readily available implants, reasonable cost, a favorable outcome, low complication rate, ease of application, ability for use concurrent with treatment of associated pathology, and considerations for future implant removal. This manuscript provides a technical description of osteochondritis dissecans fixation using a suture bridge technique.

剥离性骨软骨炎管理的治疗原则基于改善软骨下骨和未分类骨骺软骨的生物学和稳定性,以保持为关节软骨提供支撑的支架的完整性。这些病变的固定选择的可取特征包括易于获得的植入物、合理的成本、良好的结果、低并发症发生率、易于应用、能够与相关病理的治疗同时使用以及考虑未来的植入物移除。本手稿提供了一个使用缝合桥技术固定剥脱性骨软骨炎的技术描述。
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引用次数: 0
Unstable Knee OCD Lesion Fixation with Bioabsorbable Fixation 生物可吸收固定技术固定不稳定型膝关节强迫症病变
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151005
Danielle E. Chipman , Alexandra H. Aitchison , Daniel W. Green

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee are a common injury and may occur in up to 15% of acute or recurrent patellar dislocations. While small, stable lesions may be treated nonoperatively or with excision, large or unstable lesions generally require surgical treatment to optimize clinical outcomes. Surgical treatment often involves arthroscopy to visualize the lesion, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the OCD lesion after debridement and preparation of the fracture bed. Various types of implants can be used for fixation of OCD lesions. Historically, metal implants were widely used due to their compression force, but the advent of bioabsorbable implants has provided additional options with promising results. Currently available bioabsorbable implants vary in size, composition, and shape, which leads to differences in their usage, benefits, and complications. Several small clinical series have reported success with the use of a wide array of bioabsorbable implants. This article will summarize bioabsorbable implant options and characteristics, surgical indications and techniques for OCD fixation, and the recent literature on clinical outcomes and complications after OCD fixation with different implants.

膝关节剥脱性骨软骨炎(OCD)病变是一种常见的损伤,可能发生在高达15%的急性或复发性髌骨脱位中。虽然小的、稳定的病变可以非手术或切除治疗,但大的或不稳定的病变通常需要手术治疗以优化临床结果。手术治疗通常包括关节镜检查以观察病变,然后在清创和准备骨折床后对强迫症病变进行切开复位和内固定。各种类型的植入物可用于OCD病变的固定。从历史上看,金属植入物因其压缩力而被广泛使用,但生物可吸收植入物的出现提供了额外的选择,并取得了有希望的结果。目前可用的生物可吸收植入物在尺寸、成分和形状上各不相同,这导致了它们在用途、益处和并发症方面的差异。一些小型临床系列报道了使用广泛的生物可吸收植入物的成功。本文将总结生物可吸收植入物的选择和特点、OCD固定的手术指征和技术,以及不同植入物固定OCD后的临床结果和并发症的最新文献。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment Algorithm of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions 剥离性骨软骨炎病变的诊断、评价及治疗方法
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151001
Sofia Hidalgo Perea , Danielle E. Chipman , Daniel W. Green

Osteochondritis dissecans most commonly affects the knee, elbow, and ankle. Due to its similarity and previous confusion with other conditions such as osteochondral fractures and osteonecrosis, and the inability to investigate the development of lesions prior to clinical presentation, the exact pathogenesis remains an enigma. The true incidence and prevalence are unknown because of the varying degree of symptomatology and the plethora of diagnostic and treatment algorithms. In this article, we provide an overview of the existing diagnostic criteria, lesion classification systems, and treatment algorithms.

夹层性骨软骨炎最常影响膝关节、肘部和踝关节。由于其与其他疾病(如骨软骨骨折和骨坏死)的相似性和先前的混淆,以及无法在临床表现之前调查病变的发展,确切的发病机制仍然是一个谜。由于不同程度的症状和过多的诊断和治疗算法,真实的发病率和患病率尚不清楚。在这篇文章中,我们提供了现有的诊断标准,病变分类系统和治疗算法的概述。
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引用次数: 0
Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation for OCD: Techniques and Outcomes 自体骨软骨移植治疗强迫症:技术和结果
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.151006
Joshua T. Bram, Preston W. Gross, Peter D. Fabricant

Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee is a relatively common pathology presenting to sports knee surgeons with a variety of treatment options, such as drilling or drilling and internal fixation (if there is a viable fragment), or articular surface restoration techniques in the case of unsalvageable tissue. Articular surface restoration techniques include osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT), osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA), and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). OAT is typically reserved for unsalvageable grade 3 and 4 articular cartilage lesions or revision cases. OAT involves the use of 1 or multiple osteochondral plug(s) harvested from the knee in a less-weightbearing regions such as the peripheral trochlea. Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated favorable outcomes after OAT procedures, with a large number of patients returning to sport and showing substantial improvements in functional outcomes. In addition, recent studies have compared the outcomes of OAT to other techniques in prospective randomized trials, demonstrating the favorability of this technique in the correct clinical scenario. This chapter focuses on the indications, surgical technique, and clinical outcomes of OAT in young patients with knee osteochondritis dissecans.

膝关节剥离性骨软骨炎是一种相对常见的病理,运动膝关节外科医生有多种治疗选择,如钻孔或钻孔内固定(如果有可行的碎片),或在无法修复组织的情况下使用关节面修复技术。关节面修复技术包括自体骨软骨移植(OAT)、同种异体骨软骨移植(OCA)和自体软骨细胞植入(ACI)。OAT通常用于无法修复的3级和4级关节软骨病变或翻修病例。OAT包括在膝部负重较轻的区域(如外周滑车)使用1个或多个骨软骨塞。最近的荟萃分析显示了OAT手术后的良好结果,大量患者恢复运动并显示出功能预后的显著改善。此外,最近的研究在前瞻性随机试验中将OAT与其他技术的结果进行了比较,证明了该技术在正确的临床情况下的优势。本章的重点是指征,手术技术,和OAT的临床结果,年轻患者的膝关节骨软骨炎夹层。
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引用次数: 0
Put a Patch on It!: When and How to Perform Soft-Tissue Augmentation in Rotator Cuff Surgery 贴上补丁!:何时以及如何在旋转袖带手术中进行软组织增强
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.150984
Landon P. Frazier , Ryan A. Quigley , Joseph W. Galvin , Brian R. Waterman , Christopher M. Brusalis , Brian J. Cole

Despite advancements in arthroscopic and surgical techniques, successful management of large to massive rotator cuff tears remains challenging. Risk factors including advanced age, significant retraction, reduced bone mineral density, and high physical demand have previously been shown to be negative prognostic indicators of good outcomes in rotator cuff repair. In order to increase healing rates, mechanical strength, and favorable biologic conditions, multiple patch augmentation and interposition techniques using tissue scaffolds have been developed. Numerous patch grafts are commercially available, including tissue scaffolds from autogenic, allogenic, synthetic, and xenogenic sources, although the quantity of literature varies widely between grafts. This review aims to present current indications, outcomes of patch interposition and augmentation, and surgical techniques for both primary and revision rotator cuff tears.

尽管关节镜和手术技术有了进步,但成功治疗大到大面积肩袖撕裂仍然具有挑战性。危险因素包括高龄、明显的内收、骨密度降低和高体力需求,这些因素先前已被证明是肩袖修复良好结果的负面预后指标。为了提高愈合率,机械强度和良好的生物条件,使用组织支架的多贴片增强和插入技术已经发展起来。市面上有大量的膜片移植,包括自体、同种异体、合成和异种来源的组织支架,尽管不同移植的文献数量差异很大。本综述旨在介绍目前的适应症,补片插入和增强的结果,以及原发性和翻修性肩袖撕裂的手术技术。
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引用次数: 1
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Rotator Cuff Deficiency 肩袖缺损的反向肩关节置换术
IF 0.3 4区 医学 Q4 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2023.150989
Gregory P. Nicholson MD , Burton D. Dunlap MD

Rotator cuff disease is one of the more common causes of shoulder pain, but there still is some dilemma with management of large or massive tears. When all other options short of a joint replacement have been explored, the reverse shoulder arthroplasty serves as a reliable and predictable treatment option. The surgeon must incorporate a detailed history, physical examination, and imaging workup when deciding how best to manage these patients with rotator cuff deficiency. Knowledge of implant specifics and options regarding the glenoid and humeral side is crucial to a successful operation. Newer implant technology and surgical techniques have additionally provided options to avoid some of the complications seen with the earliest reverse shoulder implants. When reverse shoulder arthroplasty is performed for the properly indicated patient, it can be done with predictable success and low complication rates. In this manuscript, we will provide some tips to assist in how to best manage rotator cuff deficient patients with reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

肩袖疾病是引起肩痛的常见原因之一,但对于大撕裂或大量撕裂的处理仍然存在一些难题。当所有其他选择缺乏关节置换术已经探索,反向肩关节置换术是一个可靠的和可预测的治疗选择。在决定如何最好地治疗这些肩袖缺陷患者时,外科医生必须结合详细的病史、体格检查和影像学检查。了解关节盂和肱骨侧的植入物特点和选择对手术成功至关重要。较新的植入技术和外科技术也提供了一些选择,以避免最早的反向肩部植入所出现的一些并发症。当逆行肩关节置换术用于合适的患者时,它可以获得可预测的成功和低并发症发生率。在这篇文章中,我们将提供一些提示,以帮助如何最好地处理肩袖缺陷患者的反向肩关节置换术。
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引用次数: 0
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Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
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