Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2280717
Shane Orchard, Shaun Wilkinson
This paper reports the first observation of a giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus) spawning site in a tidal waterway and illustrates the usefulness of DNA barcoding for opportunistic discoveries that ...
{"title":"Opportunistic discovery of giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus) spawning in a tidal reach: site description and implications","authors":"Shane Orchard, Shaun Wilkinson","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2280717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2280717","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the first observation of a giant kōkopu (Galaxias argenteus) spawning site in a tidal waterway and illustrates the usefulness of DNA barcoding for opportunistic discoveries that ...","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"446 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2278731
Nur-Syahirah Mamat, Yuzine Esa, Nur Leena W. S. Wong, Siti-Azizah Mohd Nor, Nazia Abdul Kadar, Julia D. Sigwart, Aziz Arshad
Due to its high economic importance, the aquaculture of abalone has developed significantly as a global industry. However, there is still limited studies of abalone in Malaysia. Therefore, the complete mitochondrial genome of the tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus 1758) sampled in the Malaysian waters is sequenced and analysed for the first time. The mitogenome is 16399 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The arrangement and orientation of genes compared with 10 available Haliotis mitogenomes were found to be identical. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to assess their evolutionary relationships. The phylogenetic tree shows that H. asinine is closely related to H. ovina, H. diversicolor, H. varia, H. rubra and H. tuberculata. The genetic information gleaned from this study will be invaluable for the further studies of H. asinine especially on population genetics and improvement of aquaculture in the face of climate change effects.
{"title":"The complete mitogenome of <i>Haliotis asinina</i> (Gastropoda, Haliotidae) from Malaysian waters provides further insights into the phylogeny of the abalone","authors":"Nur-Syahirah Mamat, Yuzine Esa, Nur Leena W. S. Wong, Siti-Azizah Mohd Nor, Nazia Abdul Kadar, Julia D. Sigwart, Aziz Arshad","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2278731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2278731","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its high economic importance, the aquaculture of abalone has developed significantly as a global industry. However, there is still limited studies of abalone in Malaysia. Therefore, the complete mitochondrial genome of the tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus 1758) sampled in the Malaysian waters is sequenced and analysed for the first time. The mitogenome is 16399 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The arrangement and orientation of genes compared with 10 available Haliotis mitogenomes were found to be identical. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to assess their evolutionary relationships. The phylogenetic tree shows that H. asinine is closely related to H. ovina, H. diversicolor, H. varia, H. rubra and H. tuberculata. The genetic information gleaned from this study will be invaluable for the further studies of H. asinine especially on population genetics and improvement of aquaculture in the face of climate change effects.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"73 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2278735
Jeremie Bauer, Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Misael Emeterio-Cerecero, Juan Vaca-Rodríguez, Gabriela Montaño-Moctezuma, Julio Lorda
ABSTRACTAbalone is one of the most important small-scale fisheries in Mexico and is challenged by multiple stressors. For example, the loss of the native main food, Macrocystis pyrifera, and the subsequent takeover of non-indigenous algae species represent a major threat to abalone growth and survival. In Baja California, Mexico two introduced macroalgae, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum horneri have become common in the past decade with unknown consequences on native herbivores. In this work, we explored the effect of these invasive algae on the growth and survival of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. One hundred and ten juvenile red abalone were tagged and fed with invasive algae U. pinnatifida and S. horneri, and a control with M. pyrifera. Then, the shell length, body weight, and survivorship were assessed monthly for 90 days. Results show that abalone fed U. pinnatifida had a total growth in length, weight, and survivorship, similar to those fed native M. pyrifera. In contrast, abalone fed S. horneri had significantly lower overall performance. Marine heatwaves and other climatic impacts are expected to favour the establishment of invasive species. These results may be relevant to inform local fisheries and management efforts in this area under future scenarios.KEYWORDS: DietSargassum horneriUndaria pinnatifidaWakameMexiconon-indigenous speciesconservation AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to the farm ‘Abulones Cultivados’ for providing the abalone used in this experiment.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Growth and survival of juvenile red abalone ( <i>Haliotis rufescens</i> ) fed invasive macroalgae","authors":"Jeremie Bauer, Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Misael Emeterio-Cerecero, Juan Vaca-Rodríguez, Gabriela Montaño-Moctezuma, Julio Lorda","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2278735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2278735","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAbalone is one of the most important small-scale fisheries in Mexico and is challenged by multiple stressors. For example, the loss of the native main food, Macrocystis pyrifera, and the subsequent takeover of non-indigenous algae species represent a major threat to abalone growth and survival. In Baja California, Mexico two introduced macroalgae, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum horneri have become common in the past decade with unknown consequences on native herbivores. In this work, we explored the effect of these invasive algae on the growth and survival of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens. One hundred and ten juvenile red abalone were tagged and fed with invasive algae U. pinnatifida and S. horneri, and a control with M. pyrifera. Then, the shell length, body weight, and survivorship were assessed monthly for 90 days. Results show that abalone fed U. pinnatifida had a total growth in length, weight, and survivorship, similar to those fed native M. pyrifera. In contrast, abalone fed S. horneri had significantly lower overall performance. Marine heatwaves and other climatic impacts are expected to favour the establishment of invasive species. These results may be relevant to inform local fisheries and management efforts in this area under future scenarios.KEYWORDS: DietSargassum horneriUndaria pinnatifidaWakameMexiconon-indigenous speciesconservation AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to the farm ‘Abulones Cultivados’ for providing the abalone used in this experiment.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"81 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2272592
Natalia Bullon, Andrea C. Alfaro, Jinchen Guo, Joanna Copedo, Thao V. Nguyen, Ali Seyfoddin
Limited supply of sustainable feed ingredients is a significant concern for future aquaculture practices. Alternative ingredients, such as insect meal and grape marc, are suitable for aquaculture nutrition due to their nutritional profile and more sustainable production methods. This study assessed the effect of dietary insect meal and grape marc on gut microbial composition, digestive system morphology, and muscle metabolome of Haliotis iris. Juvenile abalone were fed four encapsulated experimental diets with varying levels of insect meal/grape marc and a commercial feed for 165 days in a commercial farm. The gut health of abalone was evaluated through histopathology, and 16S rRNA amplicon libraries through Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The abalone metabolome was evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that animals had good intestinal condition across all dietary treatments. Microbiome analysis revealed increased relative abundances of bacteria (Firmicutes and Fusobacterium) associated with the breakdown of polysaccharides in diets including insect meal and grape marc. Metabolite profile variations indicate that the inclusion of insect meal and grape marc favoured fatty acid metabolism and amino acid catabolism, respectively. This study provides foundation to produce more sustainable feeds including insect meal and grape marc without affecting the gut and overall health of abalone.
{"title":"Expanding the menu for New Zealand farmed abalone: dietary inclusion of insect meal and grape marc (effects on gastrointestinal microbiome, digestive morphology, and muscle metabolome)","authors":"Natalia Bullon, Andrea C. Alfaro, Jinchen Guo, Joanna Copedo, Thao V. Nguyen, Ali Seyfoddin","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2272592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2272592","url":null,"abstract":"Limited supply of sustainable feed ingredients is a significant concern for future aquaculture practices. Alternative ingredients, such as insect meal and grape marc, are suitable for aquaculture nutrition due to their nutritional profile and more sustainable production methods. This study assessed the effect of dietary insect meal and grape marc on gut microbial composition, digestive system morphology, and muscle metabolome of Haliotis iris. Juvenile abalone were fed four encapsulated experimental diets with varying levels of insect meal/grape marc and a commercial feed for 165 days in a commercial farm. The gut health of abalone was evaluated through histopathology, and 16S rRNA amplicon libraries through Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The abalone metabolome was evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that animals had good intestinal condition across all dietary treatments. Microbiome analysis revealed increased relative abundances of bacteria (Firmicutes and Fusobacterium) associated with the breakdown of polysaccharides in diets including insect meal and grape marc. Metabolite profile variations indicate that the inclusion of insect meal and grape marc favoured fatty acid metabolism and amino acid catabolism, respectively. This study provides foundation to produce more sustainable feeds including insect meal and grape marc without affecting the gut and overall health of abalone.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"50 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136133842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2273468
David R. Schiel, Shawn Gerrity, Shane Orchard
Fisheries management uses a variety of methods to assess stocks, assign quota or allocations, and calculate potential for sustainability. In the New Zealand abalone (pāua) fishery, neither the total stocks nor amount removed in any fishing year are well-known because a major portion is fished ‘recreationally’, for which there is no requirement for a licence or catch reporting. Actual harvests relative to allocations cannot be established until well after the fishing season, and require data not typically collected. This was demonstrated over a 3-month fishing season opened after a 5-year closure along the earthquake-affected northeastern coast of the South Island. Recreational fishers removed c.74% of nearshore biomass of Haliotis iris populations. This was, in effect, a Tragedy of the Commons, whereby a common resource is exploited by those who harvest first, with scant regard for what remains. The underlying weakness is in the recreational fishing management rules which, in this instance, provide stark lessons in why abalone populations have come under pressure worldwide. We discuss concepts, prior knowledge, inertia in management, and a potential way forward, with the aim of preventing serial depletion of pāua populations and fostering more effective management that ends the Tragedy of the Commons.
{"title":"Allocations, quota and abalone fishery management: the Tragedy of the commons revisited","authors":"David R. Schiel, Shawn Gerrity, Shane Orchard","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2273468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2273468","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries management uses a variety of methods to assess stocks, assign quota or allocations, and calculate potential for sustainability. In the New Zealand abalone (pāua) fishery, neither the total stocks nor amount removed in any fishing year are well-known because a major portion is fished ‘recreationally’, for which there is no requirement for a licence or catch reporting. Actual harvests relative to allocations cannot be established until well after the fishing season, and require data not typically collected. This was demonstrated over a 3-month fishing season opened after a 5-year closure along the earthquake-affected northeastern coast of the South Island. Recreational fishers removed c.74% of nearshore biomass of Haliotis iris populations. This was, in effect, a Tragedy of the Commons, whereby a common resource is exploited by those who harvest first, with scant regard for what remains. The underlying weakness is in the recreational fishing management rules which, in this instance, provide stark lessons in why abalone populations have come under pressure worldwide. We discuss concepts, prior knowledge, inertia in management, and a potential way forward, with the aim of preventing serial depletion of pāua populations and fostering more effective management that ends the Tragedy of the Commons.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136376790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2267486
Abigail M. Smith, David F. Freeman, Ian S. Dixon-Anderson, Daphne E. Lee
{"title":"Review of skeletal carbonate mineralogy of brachiopods with new material from New Zealand","authors":"Abigail M. Smith, David F. Freeman, Ian S. Dixon-Anderson, Daphne E. Lee","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2267486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2267486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"44 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2269865
Awanis Azizan, Leonie Venter, Andrea C. Alfaro
The endemic, green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), trademarked as Greenshell™ mussel, contributes most to the New Zealand aquaculture industry based on tonnage and export value. Research on mussel immunity is motivated greatly by economical and biosecurity necessities. Indeed, mussel aquaculture is threatened by pathogenic micro-organisms and environmental stressors. As such there is a need to understand the mechanisms that drive mussel immune responses and the associated interactions with the environment. Specifically, this review (1) analyses the existing immunological studies conducted on P. canaliculus, (2) evaluates the literature pertaining to mussel immunity at the cellular and humoral levels, (3) identifies and discusses pathogens that are relevant to P. canaliculus, (4) focuses on the virulent factors employed by mussel pathogens likely to induce diseases, (5) provides a comprehensive analysis of the response mechanisms employed by mussels to various stressors, and (6) explores omics applications and future perspectives in mussel immunology. Finally, this review highlights various strategies from immunological research, such as gene rearrangement, probiotics, immunostimulants, and selective breeding, promising to enhance mussel health and resilience in aquaculture. By exploring these immunological findings and their practical applications, this review contributes to sustainable mussel aquaculture, improving productivity and disease management in the industry.
{"title":"A review on green-lipped mussel, <i>Perna canaliculus</i> immunology: the drivers, virulence factors, advances, and applications","authors":"Awanis Azizan, Leonie Venter, Andrea C. Alfaro","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2269865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2269865","url":null,"abstract":"The endemic, green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), trademarked as Greenshell™ mussel, contributes most to the New Zealand aquaculture industry based on tonnage and export value. Research on mussel immunity is motivated greatly by economical and biosecurity necessities. Indeed, mussel aquaculture is threatened by pathogenic micro-organisms and environmental stressors. As such there is a need to understand the mechanisms that drive mussel immune responses and the associated interactions with the environment. Specifically, this review (1) analyses the existing immunological studies conducted on P. canaliculus, (2) evaluates the literature pertaining to mussel immunity at the cellular and humoral levels, (3) identifies and discusses pathogens that are relevant to P. canaliculus, (4) focuses on the virulent factors employed by mussel pathogens likely to induce diseases, (5) provides a comprehensive analysis of the response mechanisms employed by mussels to various stressors, and (6) explores omics applications and future perspectives in mussel immunology. Finally, this review highlights various strategies from immunological research, such as gene rearrangement, probiotics, immunostimulants, and selective breeding, promising to enhance mussel health and resilience in aquaculture. By exploring these immunological findings and their practical applications, this review contributes to sustainable mussel aquaculture, improving productivity and disease management in the industry.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"18 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2261872
William Carome, William Rayment, Elisabeth Slooten, M. Hamish Bowman, Emmanuelle Martinez, Stephen M. Dawson
{"title":"Snapshots in time: quantifying dynamics of coastal vessel traffic in a dolphin hotspot","authors":"William Carome, William Rayment, Elisabeth Slooten, M. Hamish Bowman, Emmanuelle Martinez, Stephen M. Dawson","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2261872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2261872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2266382
Adam Obaza, Amanda Bird, Dave Witting, Heather Burdick, Benjamin Grime, Melissa Neuman
ABSTRACTSpecies reintroductions require large resource investments for rearing and placement and are further complicated by the paucity of robust monitoring regimes. Nonetheless, continued population declines in many species necessitate such actions. The white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) in California has experienced steep population declines and a reintroduction programme through outplanting juvenile, captive-bred abalone is considered necessary for its recovery. A novel module known as the Short-term Abalone Fixed Enclosure (SAFE) was developed to allow red abalone (H. rufescens), a surrogate species that is not endangered and co-occurs with white abalone, a period of adjustment before dispersing. Outplant events were conducted at multiple sites in California, USA and monitored regularly for shells and live animals in a process known as metareplication, considered essential for robust outplant reporting. Time-lapse cameras were also placed on SAFEs to document predator visitation. Live animals and shells both increased on-site throughout the first six months and declined thereafter, with most animals unaccounted for. Empty shells on site were considered a proxy for the mortality rate and the lack of encounters after a short period suggests successful emigration from modules into the reef habitat. Predator visitation was generally low, and no significant differences were found across outplant periods. Results from this study indicate outplant mortality may peak early and predator activity is generally low and unrelated to abalone introduction. This vital step illustrates this outplant method may be an effective tool in restoring abalone to subtidal rocky reefs.KEYWORDS: Abaloneoutplantrestorationmodulemetareplicationtemperate reefmonitoringpredation AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the many divers that participated in abalone outplanting and site selection, as well as the crew of The Marissa, The Garibaldi and The Magician for safe transport and the Cultured Abalone Farm for supplying animals. Private stocking permit issued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife pursuant to Fish and Game Code section 640.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingWork completed under contract AB133F17CN0158 and grant NA18NMF4540340 for the National Marine Fisheries Service.
{"title":"Combining a novel outplant module with metareplication to further abalone restoration capacity in California","authors":"Adam Obaza, Amanda Bird, Dave Witting, Heather Burdick, Benjamin Grime, Melissa Neuman","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2266382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2266382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTSpecies reintroductions require large resource investments for rearing and placement and are further complicated by the paucity of robust monitoring regimes. Nonetheless, continued population declines in many species necessitate such actions. The white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) in California has experienced steep population declines and a reintroduction programme through outplanting juvenile, captive-bred abalone is considered necessary for its recovery. A novel module known as the Short-term Abalone Fixed Enclosure (SAFE) was developed to allow red abalone (H. rufescens), a surrogate species that is not endangered and co-occurs with white abalone, a period of adjustment before dispersing. Outplant events were conducted at multiple sites in California, USA and monitored regularly for shells and live animals in a process known as metareplication, considered essential for robust outplant reporting. Time-lapse cameras were also placed on SAFEs to document predator visitation. Live animals and shells both increased on-site throughout the first six months and declined thereafter, with most animals unaccounted for. Empty shells on site were considered a proxy for the mortality rate and the lack of encounters after a short period suggests successful emigration from modules into the reef habitat. Predator visitation was generally low, and no significant differences were found across outplant periods. Results from this study indicate outplant mortality may peak early and predator activity is generally low and unrelated to abalone introduction. This vital step illustrates this outplant method may be an effective tool in restoring abalone to subtidal rocky reefs.KEYWORDS: Abaloneoutplantrestorationmodulemetareplicationtemperate reefmonitoringpredation AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank the many divers that participated in abalone outplanting and site selection, as well as the crew of The Marissa, The Garibaldi and The Magician for safe transport and the Cultured Abalone Farm for supplying animals. Private stocking permit issued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife pursuant to Fish and Game Code section 640.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingWork completed under contract AB133F17CN0158 and grant NA18NMF4540340 for the National Marine Fisheries Service.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2023.2261869
Peter A. Cook
This paper presents a review of information presented at the 11th International Abalone Symposium, held in New Zealand in February 2023, where representatives from a range of countries presented data on abalone production in their region. The total quantity of abalone produced on farms worldwide has increased significantly in recent years, whilst abalone fisheries have declined. Production from fisheries was almost 20,000 mt in the 1970s but was only about 5850 mt in 2020/21. Over the same period, farm production has increased from negligible quantities in the 1970s to 243,506 mt in 2020/21. China and South Korea produce the largest quantities of abalone. Illegal exploitation, particularly in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, is still a significant problem. Prices paid for abalone on the world market are variable, and depend on a number of factors. China is both a major producer and consumer of abalone, and although there was a fear that over-production in China could be a threat to worldwide market prices, this has not been the experience to date.
{"title":"Worldwide abalone production: an update","authors":"Peter A. Cook","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2023.2261869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2023.2261869","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of information presented at the 11th International Abalone Symposium, held in New Zealand in February 2023, where representatives from a range of countries presented data on abalone production in their region. The total quantity of abalone produced on farms worldwide has increased significantly in recent years, whilst abalone fisheries have declined. Production from fisheries was almost 20,000 mt in the 1970s but was only about 5850 mt in 2020/21. Over the same period, farm production has increased from negligible quantities in the 1970s to 243,506 mt in 2020/21. China and South Korea produce the largest quantities of abalone. Illegal exploitation, particularly in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, is still a significant problem. Prices paid for abalone on the world market are variable, and depend on a number of factors. China is both a major producer and consumer of abalone, and although there was a fear that over-production in China could be a threat to worldwide market prices, this has not been the experience to date.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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