Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226
Leigh M. Stevens, Barrie M. Forrest, B. Dudley, D. Plew, J. Zeldis, U. Shankar, A. Haddadchi, K. Roberts
ABSTRACT Environmental indicators that reliably describe estuary trophic response to nutrient loading are required for the effective management of New Zealand estuaries. A common estuary eutrophication response is frequent, extensive and persistent opportunistic macroalgae blooms. This study explores the utility of the Opportunistic Macroalgal Blooming Tool (OMBT) in the New River Estuary (∼4600 ha), a shallow intertidal-dominated system within a pastoral farming catchment in Southland, New Zealand. Total nitrogen (TN) loads increased from 3206 T y−1 in 2000 to 5143 T y−1 in 2020. Concomitantly, areas of opportunistic macroalgae, measured using the OMBT, expanded across the available intertidal habitat (AIH) from 34.9 ha or 1.4% of the AIH to 1383 ha or 47.6% of the AIH, and the average wet weight biomass increased from 19.3 g m−2 to a peak of 1326 g m−2 in 2019. We hypothesise that opportunistic macroalgae expanded rapidly in direct response to temporal increases in TN load, with increases disproportionately contributed by expansion and intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. This study confirmed that the OMBT predictably responded to changes in TN concentration and may therefore be useful in defining estuary-specific TN concentration thresholds to inform likely load reductions required to achieve improved environmental outcomes.
摘要新西兰河口的有效管理需要可靠地描述河口对营养物质负荷的营养反应的环境指标。常见的河口富营养化反应是频繁、广泛和持久的机会性大型藻类水华。本研究探讨了机会大型藻类开花工具（OMBT）在新河河口（~4600公顷）的效用，新河河口是新西兰南部牧场集水区内一个以潮间带为主的浅层系统。总氮负荷从3206增加 2000年T y−1至5143 2020年T y−1。同时，使用OMBT测量的机会大型藻类的面积在可用的潮间带栖息地（AIH）从34.9公顷（占AIH的1.4%）扩大到1383公顷（占AIAH的47.6%），平均湿重生物量从19.3增加 g m−2至1326的峰值 g m−2。我们假设，机会性大型藻类在TN负荷随时间增加的直接反应中迅速扩张，而集水区奶牛养殖的扩张和集约化对其增长的贡献不成比例。这项研究证实，OMBT可预测地响应TN浓度的变化，因此可能有助于定义河口特定的TN浓度阈值，以告知实现改善环境结果所需的可能负荷减少。
{"title":"Use of a multi-metric macroalgal index to document severe eutrophication in a New Zealand estuary","authors":"Leigh M. Stevens, Barrie M. Forrest, B. Dudley, D. Plew, J. Zeldis, U. Shankar, A. Haddadchi, K. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2093226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Environmental indicators that reliably describe estuary trophic response to nutrient loading are required for the effective management of New Zealand estuaries. A common estuary eutrophication response is frequent, extensive and persistent opportunistic macroalgae blooms. This study explores the utility of the Opportunistic Macroalgal Blooming Tool (OMBT) in the New River Estuary (∼4600 ha), a shallow intertidal-dominated system within a pastoral farming catchment in Southland, New Zealand. Total nitrogen (TN) loads increased from 3206 T y−1 in 2000 to 5143 T y−1 in 2020. Concomitantly, areas of opportunistic macroalgae, measured using the OMBT, expanded across the available intertidal habitat (AIH) from 34.9 ha or 1.4% of the AIH to 1383 ha or 47.6% of the AIH, and the average wet weight biomass increased from 19.3 g m−2 to a peak of 1326 g m−2 in 2019. We hypothesise that opportunistic macroalgae expanded rapidly in direct response to temporal increases in TN load, with increases disproportionately contributed by expansion and intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. This study confirmed that the OMBT predictably responded to changes in TN concentration and may therefore be useful in defining estuary-specific TN concentration thresholds to inform likely load reductions required to achieve improved environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045
K. Bryan, Benjamin T. Stewart, Alexander Port, Hannah F. E. Jones, C. Pilditch
ABSTRACT Estuaries are the receiving environment for catchment-derived contaminants, the fate of which depends on the interplay between the estuarine geomorphology and hydrodynamics. In large estuaries, biophysical processes are spatially and temporally-diverse, which makes understanding and managing the impact of human activities challenging. Here we use two common modelling approaches to explore the advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for limit setting in a large barrier-enclosed estuary in New Zealand. The model shows the large spatial variation in water quality associated with low upper harbour flushing. Variations can also be attributed to spatial variation in processes (such as denitrification). Although the non-linear interactions between processes within these models can limit the value of using specific detail of outputs for decision making, the general patterns and sensitivities can be used to define areas, explore connectivity, and provide some information when monitoring data is lacking. Even in a deterministic modelling environment, it can very difficult to attribute water quality variations output at one location to the loading that caused these variations. While biophysical modelling will likely remain a core tool for informing management, any future development of limit setting methods for estuaries should recognise the inherent constraints we describe here.
{"title":"The advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for informing limit setting in New Zealand’s barrier-enclosed estuaries","authors":"K. Bryan, Benjamin T. Stewart, Alexander Port, Hannah F. E. Jones, C. Pilditch","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2102045","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estuaries are the receiving environment for catchment-derived contaminants, the fate of which depends on the interplay between the estuarine geomorphology and hydrodynamics. In large estuaries, biophysical processes are spatially and temporally-diverse, which makes understanding and managing the impact of human activities challenging. Here we use two common modelling approaches to explore the advantages and limitations of biophysical modelling as a tool for limit setting in a large barrier-enclosed estuary in New Zealand. The model shows the large spatial variation in water quality associated with low upper harbour flushing. Variations can also be attributed to spatial variation in processes (such as denitrification). Although the non-linear interactions between processes within these models can limit the value of using specific detail of outputs for decision making, the general patterns and sensitivities can be used to define areas, explore connectivity, and provide some information when monitoring data is lacking. Even in a deterministic modelling environment, it can very difficult to attribute water quality variations output at one location to the loading that caused these variations. While biophysical modelling will likely remain a core tool for informing management, any future development of limit setting methods for estuaries should recognise the inherent constraints we describe here.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58796320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364
D. Clark, J. Clapcott, E. Gee, A. Lohrer, Kura Paul-Burke, C. Howard-Williams
encouraging broad collab-oration and bridging institutional divides and research disciplines. A cross-challenge initiative (Ki uta ki tai) 2 between Sustainable Seas, Our Land Our Water, 3 the Ministry for the Environment and multiple iwi partners is a New Zealand fi rst. The project was speci fi cally designed to improve linkages between freshwater and estuarine management approaches. It aims to identify stress-response relationships that will be integral to limit-setting and has shown that estuaries do not always respond to stressors in the same manner. Estuaries may not respond to management actions immediately either, with recent research identifying time lags in ecological health in connected freshwater and estuarine ecosystems across Aotearoa (Berthelsen et al. 2020). These studies suggest that national-scale limit setting may fail to reverse degradation in certain estuaries, or parts of estuaries, without more nuanced tools and guidance.
鼓励广泛合作，弥合机构分歧和研究学科。“可持续的海洋，我们的土地，我们的水”，环境部和多个iwi合作伙伴之间的跨挑战倡议(Ki uta Ki tai)是新西兰的第一个。该项目是专门为改善淡水和河口管理办法之间的联系而设计的。它的目的是确定压力-反应关系，这将是限制设置的组成部分，并表明河口并不总是以相同的方式对压力源作出反应。河口可能也不会立即对管理行动作出反应，最近的研究发现，整个奥特罗阿地区相连的淡水和河口生态系统的生态健康存在时间滞后(Berthelsen et al. 2020)。这些研究表明，如果没有更细致的工具和指导，国家尺度的限制设置可能无法逆转某些河口或部分河口的退化。
{"title":"Transcending boundaries: transitioning toward integrated estuary management in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"D. Clark, J. Clapcott, E. Gee, A. Lohrer, Kura Paul-Burke, C. Howard-Williams","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2114364","url":null,"abstract":"encouraging broad collab-oration and bridging institutional divides and research disciplines. A cross-challenge initiative (Ki uta ki tai) 2 between Sustainable Seas, Our Land Our Water, 3 the Ministry for the Environment and multiple iwi partners is a New Zealand fi rst. The project was speci fi cally designed to improve linkages between freshwater and estuarine management approaches. It aims to identify stress-response relationships that will be integral to limit-setting and has shown that estuaries do not always respond to stressors in the same manner. Estuaries may not respond to management actions immediately either, with recent research identifying time lags in ecological health in connected freshwater and estuarine ecosystems across Aotearoa (Berthelsen et al. 2020). These studies suggest that national-scale limit setting may fail to reverse degradation in certain estuaries, or parts of estuaries, without more nuanced tools and guidance.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46442361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027
E. Douglas, R. Bulmer, Iain T. MacDonald, A. Lohrer
ABSTRACT Estuaries are hotspots of primary productivity and nutrient transformation that contribute to food webs and ecosystem functioning locally and in adjacent ecosystems. The depth-dependence of nutrient transformation and primary productivity rates in the water column and the seafloor were investigated, and the lateral transport of solutes and materials across the estuary mouth were quantified. Using an estuary dominated by shallow soft-sediment habitats as a case study, the effects of sea level rise (SLR) on productivity and nutrient transformation processes were projected. The estuary was a net importer of dissolved nutrients from the coast, and a net exporter of suspended sediments and chlorophyll a, supporting the notion that estuaries are important nutrient transformation reactors. A significant depth (and light) effect on productivity indicates that increasing stressors associated with climate change that reduce light at the seafloor (SLR and increased turbidity) will negatively impact estuarine productivity. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic habitats were responsible for most of the productivity of the estuary and this is likely to be consistent for other shallow estuaries globally. SLR and anthropogenic intervention that prevents landward migration (i.e. seawalls and armouring), will result in the loss of these habitats and their significant contributions to adjacent coastal ecosystems.
{"title":"Estuaries as coastal reactors: importance of shallow seafloor habitats for primary productivity and nutrient transformation, and impacts of sea level rise","authors":"E. Douglas, R. Bulmer, Iain T. MacDonald, A. Lohrer","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2107027","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Estuaries are hotspots of primary productivity and nutrient transformation that contribute to food webs and ecosystem functioning locally and in adjacent ecosystems. The depth-dependence of nutrient transformation and primary productivity rates in the water column and the seafloor were investigated, and the lateral transport of solutes and materials across the estuary mouth were quantified. Using an estuary dominated by shallow soft-sediment habitats as a case study, the effects of sea level rise (SLR) on productivity and nutrient transformation processes were projected. The estuary was a net importer of dissolved nutrients from the coast, and a net exporter of suspended sediments and chlorophyll a, supporting the notion that estuaries are important nutrient transformation reactors. A significant depth (and light) effect on productivity indicates that increasing stressors associated with climate change that reduce light at the seafloor (SLR and increased turbidity) will negatively impact estuarine productivity. Intertidal and shallow subtidal benthic habitats were responsible for most of the productivity of the estuary and this is likely to be consistent for other shallow estuaries globally. SLR and anthropogenic intervention that prevents landward migration (i.e. seawalls and armouring), will result in the loss of these habitats and their significant contributions to adjacent coastal ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569
M. Gall, R. Davies‐Colley, Juliet Milne, R. Stott
ABSTRACT Muddy, faecally-contaminated river flood plumes in coastal waters are a hazard to contact recreation and bivalve shellfish consumption but are difficult to study, being episodic and transient. We used a new underway flow-through sampler in a small, fast boat, to map a flood plume within Wellington Harbour, while simultaneously sampling water in the Hutt River inflow. Faecal contamination (indexed by E.coli) correlated with flow, salinity, coloured dissolved organic matter, total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity (light beam attenuation and visual clarity). The freshwater content of the plume agreed well with time-integrated river discharge. Despite the relatively short time-scale (<12 h) of the event, a 21% loss of TSS (particle flocculation and settling), and 30% loss in E. coli (suggesting some die-off) occurred in the plume compared to river loads. E. coli relative to TSS varied up to two orders of magnitude over a year of river flood sampling. A rapid survey of plumes combined with long-term river observations is expected to augment monitoring and inform the extension of remote sensing and modelling efforts to faecal contamination of New Zealand coastal waters.
{"title":"Suspended sediment and faecal contamination in a stormflow plume from the Hutt River in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand","authors":"M. Gall, R. Davies‐Colley, Juliet Milne, R. Stott","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2088569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Muddy, faecally-contaminated river flood plumes in coastal waters are a hazard to contact recreation and bivalve shellfish consumption but are difficult to study, being episodic and transient. We used a new underway flow-through sampler in a small, fast boat, to map a flood plume within Wellington Harbour, while simultaneously sampling water in the Hutt River inflow. Faecal contamination (indexed by E.coli) correlated with flow, salinity, coloured dissolved organic matter, total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity (light beam attenuation and visual clarity). The freshwater content of the plume agreed well with time-integrated river discharge. Despite the relatively short time-scale (<12 h) of the event, a 21% loss of TSS (particle flocculation and settling), and 30% loss in E. coli (suggesting some die-off) occurred in the plume compared to river loads. E. coli relative to TSS varied up to two orders of magnitude over a year of river flood sampling. A rapid survey of plumes combined with long-term river observations is expected to augment monitoring and inform the extension of remote sensing and modelling efforts to faecal contamination of New Zealand coastal waters.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44161651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159
S. Langhans, Alice Neilson, M. Schallenberg
ABSTRACT Community participation is increasingly embedded into environmental policy with the aim of accelerating transformative change towards sustainable management. A common approach to engaging with communities is through key stakeholders, who are still often selected ad hoc based on their activities. We tested an analytical approach for identifying distinct groups of community preferences as part of a case study to develop a community-led management plan for Blueskin Bay estuary and its catchment. We interviewed 36 community members to elicit their preferences for predefined management objectives following a standardised protocol. Using an agglomerative hierarchical analysis, we determined value-preference clusters for high-level management objectives and more specific objectives. At both levels combined, preference clusters were attributed to some of the commercial interests, such as cockle harvesting, forestry or tourism, which we also identified ad hoc based on their activities in the Blueskin Bay area. However, in addition, cluster analyses revealed five additional preference types: Urban Development Advocates, Cultural Environmentalists, Economic Environmentalists, Integrative Thinkers and those with Diverse Interests. We conclude that cluster analysis more objectively and specifically maps community preferences and, consequently, increases the robustness of collaborative environmental management processes, such as the one underway for Blueskin Bay estuary.
{"title":"Cluster analysis reveals latent structure in stakeholder interests relevant to the management of Blueskin Bay estuary, Otago, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"S. Langhans, Alice Neilson, M. Schallenberg","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2103159","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community participation is increasingly embedded into environmental policy with the aim of accelerating transformative change towards sustainable management. A common approach to engaging with communities is through key stakeholders, who are still often selected ad hoc based on their activities. We tested an analytical approach for identifying distinct groups of community preferences as part of a case study to develop a community-led management plan for Blueskin Bay estuary and its catchment. We interviewed 36 community members to elicit their preferences for predefined management objectives following a standardised protocol. Using an agglomerative hierarchical analysis, we determined value-preference clusters for high-level management objectives and more specific objectives. At both levels combined, preference clusters were attributed to some of the commercial interests, such as cockle harvesting, forestry or tourism, which we also identified ad hoc based on their activities in the Blueskin Bay area. However, in addition, cluster analyses revealed five additional preference types: Urban Development Advocates, Cultural Environmentalists, Economic Environmentalists, Integrative Thinkers and those with Diverse Interests. We conclude that cluster analysis more objectively and specifically maps community preferences and, consequently, increases the robustness of collaborative environmental management processes, such as the one underway for Blueskin Bay estuary.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2086587
V. Rullens, Stephanie Mangan, F. Stephenson, D. Clark, R. Bulmer, Anna Berthelsen, J. Crawshaw, Rebecca V. Gladstone‐Gallagher, S. Thomas, J. Ellis, C. Pilditch
ABSTRACT Sea level rise (SLR) has been described as one of the greatest potential causes of ecosystem disruption, putting many coastal areas at risk of irreversible changes. However, the loss of intertidal areas from SLR and the associated ecological and social repercussions receive little attention. Within estuaries, extensive intertidal areas harbour a variety of habitats and communities and represent hotspots of ecosystem functions. Any changes to their distribution or extent are likely to have far reaching implications. Here we summarise the ecological consequences of a reduction in intertidal area from increasing SLR, and the implications for people, management and planning. To facilitate this discussion, changes in the occurrence and abundance of two ecologically and culturally important intertidal shellfish species (Austrovenus stutchburyi and Macomona liliana) were modelled under different SLR scenarios for Tauranga Harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand. We highlight how the squeezing of intertidal areas will likely alter the distribution and extent of key habitats and communities, and discuss the implications for coastal food webs, ecosystem functioning and service provision. Pre-emptive planning and adaptive management are needed that incorporate ecological losses in risk assessments and focuses on pro-active solutions to increase resilience to the effects of SLR.
{"title":"Understanding the consequences of sea level rise: the ecological implications of losing intertidal habitat","authors":"V. Rullens, Stephanie Mangan, F. Stephenson, D. Clark, R. Bulmer, Anna Berthelsen, J. Crawshaw, Rebecca V. Gladstone‐Gallagher, S. Thomas, J. Ellis, C. Pilditch","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2086587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2086587","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sea level rise (SLR) has been described as one of the greatest potential causes of ecosystem disruption, putting many coastal areas at risk of irreversible changes. However, the loss of intertidal areas from SLR and the associated ecological and social repercussions receive little attention. Within estuaries, extensive intertidal areas harbour a variety of habitats and communities and represent hotspots of ecosystem functions. Any changes to their distribution or extent are likely to have far reaching implications. Here we summarise the ecological consequences of a reduction in intertidal area from increasing SLR, and the implications for people, management and planning. To facilitate this discussion, changes in the occurrence and abundance of two ecologically and culturally important intertidal shellfish species (Austrovenus stutchburyi and Macomona liliana) were modelled under different SLR scenarios for Tauranga Harbour, Aotearoa New Zealand. We highlight how the squeezing of intertidal areas will likely alter the distribution and extent of key habitats and communities, and discuss the implications for coastal food webs, ecosystem functioning and service provision. Pre-emptive planning and adaptive management are needed that incorporate ecological losses in risk assessments and focuses on pro-active solutions to increase resilience to the effects of SLR.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42369180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2086586
Pat Barrett, Priya Kurian, Raven Cretney, P. Blackett, Erena Le Heron, Richard Le Heron
ABSTRACT The article analyses participatory processes in estuary restoration in Maketū on the East Coast of the North Island to examine how evolving relational dynamics amongst key stakeholders and Māori led to the achievement of a collective environmental imaginary. The case, marked by a history of conflict over the diversion of the Kaituna River and resulting estuary degradation, led to a focussed period of community engagement between 2006 and 2009 which established a collective intention to restore the ecological health of the estuary. Ongoing community engagement has been a feature of restoration project design and implementation. In examining this case, we draw on the concept of imaginaries, referring to shared visions of desirable futures, to explore how ‘imaginaries of process’ and ‘imaginaries of outcome’ played out among a heterogeneous set of stakeholders and Indigenous actors. We undertake a discourse analysis of relevant documents and of interviews and focus groups with 25 participants to demonstrate how inclusive participatory processes were used as a technique to resolve estuary degradation, address historical grievance between Māori, the community and local authorities, and reset the governance and management relationships between these actors.
{"title":"Participatory processes and the evolution of environmental agendas in estuary restoration: the Maketū case","authors":"Pat Barrett, Priya Kurian, Raven Cretney, P. Blackett, Erena Le Heron, Richard Le Heron","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2086586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2086586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article analyses participatory processes in estuary restoration in Maketū on the East Coast of the North Island to examine how evolving relational dynamics amongst key stakeholders and Māori led to the achievement of a collective environmental imaginary. The case, marked by a history of conflict over the diversion of the Kaituna River and resulting estuary degradation, led to a focussed period of community engagement between 2006 and 2009 which established a collective intention to restore the ecological health of the estuary. Ongoing community engagement has been a feature of restoration project design and implementation. In examining this case, we draw on the concept of imaginaries, referring to shared visions of desirable futures, to explore how ‘imaginaries of process’ and ‘imaginaries of outcome’ played out among a heterogeneous set of stakeholders and Indigenous actors. We undertake a discourse analysis of relevant documents and of interviews and focus groups with 25 participants to demonstrate how inclusive participatory processes were used as a technique to resolve estuary degradation, address historical grievance between Māori, the community and local authorities, and reset the governance and management relationships between these actors.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43303773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2086589
Rose Gregersen, K. Simon
ABSTRACT Nutrients are important determinants of diatom growth in lakes, and diatoms are considered reliable indicators of changing lake nutrient concentrations and eutrophication. However, diatom ecologies are not static, nor are they linked to single environmental variables, leading to imprecise diatom nutrient inferences. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is the principal issue facing New Zealand’s lakes. Thus, knowledge of diatom responses to nutrients in New Zealand lakes will be important for understanding contemporary and past changes in nutrient availability. Using a nutrient amendment experiment and diatom communities from dune lakes, here we show that the response of specific diatom species is not universal among lakes and is partly determined by lake nutrient concentrations and limitation status. The response of focal diatom species to nutrient additions differed from previously reported nutrient requirements, and did not align with published, assigned trophic statuses. This study highlights that the response of diatoms to nutrient enrichment is context-dependent, and that intraspecific generalisations of diatom ecologies between geographic locations or through time should be made with caution. To apply diatoms to making nutrient inferences, more work focusing on how physiochemical and biological factors influence diatom nutrient requirements is required.
{"title":"Diatom nutrient requirements change with lake nutrient limitation and enrichment in New Zealand dune lakes","authors":"Rose Gregersen, K. Simon","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2086589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2086589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nutrients are important determinants of diatom growth in lakes, and diatoms are considered reliable indicators of changing lake nutrient concentrations and eutrophication. However, diatom ecologies are not static, nor are they linked to single environmental variables, leading to imprecise diatom nutrient inferences. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment is the principal issue facing New Zealand’s lakes. Thus, knowledge of diatom responses to nutrients in New Zealand lakes will be important for understanding contemporary and past changes in nutrient availability. Using a nutrient amendment experiment and diatom communities from dune lakes, here we show that the response of specific diatom species is not universal among lakes and is partly determined by lake nutrient concentrations and limitation status. The response of focal diatom species to nutrient additions differed from previously reported nutrient requirements, and did not align with published, assigned trophic statuses. This study highlights that the response of diatoms to nutrient enrichment is context-dependent, and that intraspecific generalisations of diatom ecologies between geographic locations or through time should be made with caution. To apply diatoms to making nutrient inferences, more work focusing on how physiochemical and biological factors influence diatom nutrient requirements is required.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42778257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2086268
L. E. McBride, H. Braid, D. Stevens, K. Bolstad
ABSTRACT Cephalopods form important components of marine trophic systems worldwide, including those in the South Pacific. Moroteuthopsis ingens (Onychoteuthidae) is one of the most abundant deep–sea squids in the Aotearoa New Zealand region and is preyed upon by predators such as the sperm whale and orange roughy. However, despite the many publications on M. ingens’ diet, knowledge on its feeding ecology remains limited. In this study, we analysed the prey of M. ingens from the Chatham Rise (an ecologically and economically important region east of Te Waipounamu/New Zealand’s South Island) using DNA barcoding and otolith identification. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) were the most frequently encountered prey item, but other teleost species, cephalopods and crustacean fragments were also found, indicating opportunistic and likely cannibalistic feeding behaviour. Five fish species (including a possibly undescribed species of Gymnoscopelus) and Bathyteuthis abyssicola are reported as prey items of M. ingens for the first time. Moroteuthopsis ingens appears to be a component of several dynamic food chains and likely plays an important role in the transfer of carbon throughout marine environments in the Southern Hemisphere.
{"title":"Trophic ecology of the deep-sea squid Moroteuthopsis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the Chatham Rise, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"L. E. McBride, H. Braid, D. Stevens, K. Bolstad","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2086268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2086268","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cephalopods form important components of marine trophic systems worldwide, including those in the South Pacific. Moroteuthopsis ingens (Onychoteuthidae) is one of the most abundant deep–sea squids in the Aotearoa New Zealand region and is preyed upon by predators such as the sperm whale and orange roughy. However, despite the many publications on M. ingens’ diet, knowledge on its feeding ecology remains limited. In this study, we analysed the prey of M. ingens from the Chatham Rise (an ecologically and economically important region east of Te Waipounamu/New Zealand’s South Island) using DNA barcoding and otolith identification. Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) were the most frequently encountered prey item, but other teleost species, cephalopods and crustacean fragments were also found, indicating opportunistic and likely cannibalistic feeding behaviour. Five fish species (including a possibly undescribed species of Gymnoscopelus) and Bathyteuthis abyssicola are reported as prey items of M. ingens for the first time. Moroteuthopsis ingens appears to be a component of several dynamic food chains and likely plays an important role in the transfer of carbon throughout marine environments in the Southern Hemisphere.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49326857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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