Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2069131
S. Urlich, Jazmynn L. Hodder-Swain
ABSTRACT Many estuaries are squeezed between sea-level rise, coastal hardening and adverse cumulative effects from unsustainable catchment activities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, there is little planning to provide future accommodation space for estuaries. A complex knot of policies and plans, and accompanying poor implementation also affect ecological sustainability. We examine these issues for Brooklands Lagoon/Te Riu o Te Aika Kawa, a tidal lagoon northeast of Christchurch/Ōtautahi. It is within the takiwā of Ngāi Tahu iwi and Ngāi Tūāhuriri hapū, and the jurisdictions of Christchurch City Council and Environment Canterbury. The estuary is influenced by three rivers, and surrounding land use is managed under three different statutory resource management plans, along with several non-regulatory strategies and organisational management plans. However, these plans are poorly integrated and estuarine ecological health is compromised. The incoming tide of resource management and local government reform will add complexity, but also an opportunity to accommodate and enhance the estuary as a blue carbon sink, and to restore cultural and ecological values. This requires specific recognition of estuaries in the proposed managed retreat and spatial planning laws, and within the replacement resource management statute. Legal recognition of Indigenous customary rights could also produce novel governance models to improve management.
摘要许多河口被海平面上升、海岸硬化和不可持续的集水区活动的不利累积影响所挤压。在新西兰的奥特亚，几乎没有为河口提供未来住宿空间的计划。复杂的政策和计划以及随之而来的执行不力也影响了生态可持续性。我们为Brooklands泻湖/Te Riu o Te Aika Kawa研究了这些问题，这是克赖斯特彻奇/Ōtautahi东北部的一个潮汐泻湖。它位于Ngāi Tahu iwi和Ngái Túāhuriri hapú的takiwā，以及基督城市议会和坎特伯雷环境局的管辖范围内。河口受三条河流的影响，周围的土地利用根据三个不同的法定资源管理计划以及几个非监管战略和组织管理计划进行管理。然而，这些计划整合不力，河口生态健康受到损害。即将到来的资源管理和地方政府改革浪潮将增加复杂性，但同时也是一个容纳和提升河口作为蓝色碳汇的机会，并恢复文化和生态价值。这需要在拟议的有管理的撤退和空间规划法中以及在替代资源管理法规中具体承认河口。对土著习惯权利的法律承认也可以产生新的治理模式来改善管理。
{"title":"Untangling the Gordian knot: estuary survival under sea-level rise and catchment pollution requires a new policy and governance approach","authors":"S. Urlich, Jazmynn L. Hodder-Swain","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2069131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2069131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many estuaries are squeezed between sea-level rise, coastal hardening and adverse cumulative effects from unsustainable catchment activities. In Aotearoa New Zealand, there is little planning to provide future accommodation space for estuaries. A complex knot of policies and plans, and accompanying poor implementation also affect ecological sustainability. We examine these issues for Brooklands Lagoon/Te Riu o Te Aika Kawa, a tidal lagoon northeast of Christchurch/Ōtautahi. It is within the takiwā of Ngāi Tahu iwi and Ngāi Tūāhuriri hapū, and the jurisdictions of Christchurch City Council and Environment Canterbury. The estuary is influenced by three rivers, and surrounding land use is managed under three different statutory resource management plans, along with several non-regulatory strategies and organisational management plans. However, these plans are poorly integrated and estuarine ecological health is compromised. The incoming tide of resource management and local government reform will add complexity, but also an opportunity to accommodate and enhance the estuary as a blue carbon sink, and to restore cultural and ecological values. This requires specific recognition of estuaries in the proposed managed retreat and spatial planning laws, and within the replacement resource management statute. Legal recognition of Indigenous customary rights could also produce novel governance models to improve management.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"312 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49209079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2071301
Kyle Hilliam, I. Tuck
ABSTRACT Charybdis japonica, a large invasive portunid, has been recorded in New Zealand since its detection in the Waitematā Harbour in 2000. In this study, the distribution, invasion history, abundance and population structure were investigated for C. japonica across the North Island of New Zealand. This was done using various distribution data available, trapping across several sites and interviews with commercial fishermen. Charybdis japonica was detected in the previously uninvaded Tauranga, Ohiwa, Hokianga, Manukau Harbours and Great Barrier Island. The rate of spread for C. japonica is continuous, with harbours or estuaries hundreds of kilometres apart having detections every two to three years. Population abundances reported by commercial fishermen constantly increased, with no signs of stabilisation or decrease. Catches were male-biased, with female abundance varying seasonally. Several possible pathways and vectors may be responsible for this spread, including shipping and aquaculture, on top of dispersal of larvae by currents across the North Island. Further research is required to determine population sources, with findings providing important information for invasive species monitoring and management.
{"title":"Range expansion of the invasive portunid crab Charybdis japonica in New Zealand","authors":"Kyle Hilliam, I. Tuck","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2071301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2071301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Charybdis japonica, a large invasive portunid, has been recorded in New Zealand since its detection in the Waitematā Harbour in 2000. In this study, the distribution, invasion history, abundance and population structure were investigated for C. japonica across the North Island of New Zealand. This was done using various distribution data available, trapping across several sites and interviews with commercial fishermen. Charybdis japonica was detected in the previously uninvaded Tauranga, Ohiwa, Hokianga, Manukau Harbours and Great Barrier Island. The rate of spread for C. japonica is continuous, with harbours or estuaries hundreds of kilometres apart having detections every two to three years. Population abundances reported by commercial fishermen constantly increased, with no signs of stabilisation or decrease. Catches were male-biased, with female abundance varying seasonally. Several possible pathways and vectors may be responsible for this spread, including shipping and aquaculture, on top of dispersal of larvae by currents across the North Island. Further research is required to determine population sources, with findings providing important information for invasive species monitoring and management.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"518 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46712611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2064882
P. Garcia, Carolina F. Mansilla Ferro, M. Diéguez
ABSTRACT Wetlands store large amounts of C in biomass, sediments and water. A major C fraction is in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) with multiple regulatory functions. Patagonian wetlands undergo changes in the water cycle due to climate warming and lower precipitation, causing shorter hydroperiods and reduced landscape connectivity with effects on C budgets. This study focuses on the optical characterisation of the DOM of an ephemeral wetland of North Patagonia. Along the hydroperiod the DOM showed optical signatures indicating terrestrial inputs, degradation and internal production. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration ranged between ∼4 and ∼9 mg L−1. The DOM pool displayed high molecular weight/size and aromatic fingerprints. Humic components C1 (microbial and/or vegetation derived) and C2 (soil/sediment) prevailed in the DOM, whereas the non-humic component C3 (from aquatic processes) increased from early spring. Experimental exposure to PAR + UVR produced slight changes in DOC and reduction in DOM molecular weight/size. The components showed distinctive photoreactivity/lability: C1 > C3 > C2. Along the hydroperiod the relative contribution of the humic vs. non-humic components (C1 and C3) determined the reactivity/lability of the DOM. In Fantasma pond, the DOM pool fluctuates in response to hydrology and degradation processes, and the alternance between dry and flooded periods determines C dynamics.
{"title":"Characterisation of dissolved organic matter from temperate wetlands: field dynamics and photoreactivity changes driven by natural inputs and diagenesis along the hydroperiod","authors":"P. Garcia, Carolina F. Mansilla Ferro, M. Diéguez","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2064882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2064882","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wetlands store large amounts of C in biomass, sediments and water. A major C fraction is in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) with multiple regulatory functions. Patagonian wetlands undergo changes in the water cycle due to climate warming and lower precipitation, causing shorter hydroperiods and reduced landscape connectivity with effects on C budgets. This study focuses on the optical characterisation of the DOM of an ephemeral wetland of North Patagonia. Along the hydroperiod the DOM showed optical signatures indicating terrestrial inputs, degradation and internal production. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration ranged between ∼4 and ∼9 mg L−1. The DOM pool displayed high molecular weight/size and aromatic fingerprints. Humic components C1 (microbial and/or vegetation derived) and C2 (soil/sediment) prevailed in the DOM, whereas the non-humic component C3 (from aquatic processes) increased from early spring. Experimental exposure to PAR + UVR produced slight changes in DOC and reduction in DOM molecular weight/size. The components showed distinctive photoreactivity/lability: C1 > C3 > C2. Along the hydroperiod the relative contribution of the humic vs. non-humic components (C1 and C3) determined the reactivity/lability of the DOM. In Fantasma pond, the DOM pool fluctuates in response to hydrology and degradation processes, and the alternance between dry and flooded periods determines C dynamics.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"480 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2054829
F. Matheson, G. Mackay, C. Middleton, R. Griffiths, Ricky Eyre, Josh Smith, R. Ovenden
ABSTRACT Seagrass extent has declined globally, including in New Zealand. Following the success of an initial trial to transplant and re-establish intertidal seagrass at a former site in Whangarei Harbour, a second trial was initiated. This trial aimed to restore seagrass at a more distant former site and tested the efficacy of transplant units ranging in size from small cores (5 or 9 × 0.01 m diameter cores placed within a 0.25 m2 plot) to larger entire plots (0.25 m2 or 0.5 m2). Seagrass was transplanted in winter when plants were dormant. Plant cover of transplanted and donor plots and light climate at both sites were monitored over a period of four years. All but one of the 24 units survived, and the plants began to spread after 12–18 months to eventually develop patches ranging in size from 5 to 68 m2. Seagrass recolonised all donor plots completely within 10 months. Results show that small cores and larger plots can both be used successfully to transplant and restore populations of Zostera muelleri with no long-lasting damage to donor meadows. However, use of small cores is recommended to minimise extractions and loss of transplanted material, and to simplify logistics.
{"title":"Restoring the seagrass Zostera muelleri with transplants: small cores are as effective as larger plots","authors":"F. Matheson, G. Mackay, C. Middleton, R. Griffiths, Ricky Eyre, Josh Smith, R. Ovenden","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2054829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2054829","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seagrass extent has declined globally, including in New Zealand. Following the success of an initial trial to transplant and re-establish intertidal seagrass at a former site in Whangarei Harbour, a second trial was initiated. This trial aimed to restore seagrass at a more distant former site and tested the efficacy of transplant units ranging in size from small cores (5 or 9 × 0.01 m diameter cores placed within a 0.25 m2 plot) to larger entire plots (0.25 m2 or 0.5 m2). Seagrass was transplanted in winter when plants were dormant. Plant cover of transplanted and donor plots and light climate at both sites were monitored over a period of four years. All but one of the 24 units survived, and the plants began to spread after 12–18 months to eventually develop patches ranging in size from 5 to 68 m2. Seagrass recolonised all donor plots completely within 10 months. Results show that small cores and larger plots can both be used successfully to transplant and restore populations of Zostera muelleri with no long-lasting damage to donor meadows. However, use of small cores is recommended to minimise extractions and loss of transplanted material, and to simplify logistics.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"467 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41732495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2038214
S. Bennington, M. Guerra, D. Johnston, Rohan J. C. Currey, T. Brough, C. Corne, Dave Johnson, S. Henderson, E. Slooten, S. Dawson, W. Rayment
ABSTRACT Recreational use of wild spaces is increasingly popular, resulting in a burgeoning tourism industry. Such activities can degrade the environment and disrupt the behaviour and natural function of organisms. A small population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) is resident in Dusky Sound, New Zealand, a fjord with increasing human use. Dolphins, as top predators, play an important role within ecosystems and are at risk of long-term negative consequences from behavioural changes when exposed to high levels of vessel activity. A better understanding of the distribution of the dolphins in Dusky Sound would provide a framework for developing management within the fjord. Here we describe where dolphins were most frequently found, based on >40,000 km of photo-ID survey effort conducted over 10 years. Kernel density estimation revealed two large core areas that remained consistent over the duration of this study. This information could be used to determine areas within Dusky Sound where human activities around dolphins could be managed to avoid anthropogenically driven detrimental impacts. We suggest the following: (1) establish dolphin protection zones, (2) create a marine mammal sanctuary, (3) extend marine reserve boundaries, and/or (4) lower catch limits for fish within the fjord boundaries.
{"title":"Decadal stability in the distribution of bottlenose dolphins in Dusky Sound/Tamatea, New Zealand","authors":"S. Bennington, M. Guerra, D. Johnston, Rohan J. C. Currey, T. Brough, C. Corne, Dave Johnson, S. Henderson, E. Slooten, S. Dawson, W. Rayment","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2038214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2038214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recreational use of wild spaces is increasingly popular, resulting in a burgeoning tourism industry. Such activities can degrade the environment and disrupt the behaviour and natural function of organisms. A small population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) is resident in Dusky Sound, New Zealand, a fjord with increasing human use. Dolphins, as top predators, play an important role within ecosystems and are at risk of long-term negative consequences from behavioural changes when exposed to high levels of vessel activity. A better understanding of the distribution of the dolphins in Dusky Sound would provide a framework for developing management within the fjord. Here we describe where dolphins were most frequently found, based on >40,000 km of photo-ID survey effort conducted over 10 years. Kernel density estimation revealed two large core areas that remained consistent over the duration of this study. This information could be used to determine areas within Dusky Sound where human activities around dolphins could be managed to avoid anthropogenically driven detrimental impacts. We suggest the following: (1) establish dolphin protection zones, (2) create a marine mammal sanctuary, (3) extend marine reserve boundaries, and/or (4) lower catch limits for fish within the fjord boundaries.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"411 - 424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2022.2034653
G. Giardino, M. Mandiola, Julián Bastida, J. Gana, R. Bastida, D. Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Groups of male South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens; SSLs) congregate in harbours on the northern coast of Argentina. These groups are very dynamic, with a high degree of habituation to human activities and the ability to colonise different types of artificial substrates, making them an interesting subject for understanding individual association patterns and spatio-temporal variations in this species. In the present study, we recorded the associations between individual bleach-marked SSLs in the harbours of Mar del Plata (PM) and Puerto Quequén (PQ) on four different substrate types during four non-breeding seasons. We found that the association pattern differed between the harbours, with a well-differentiated social structure being evident in PM but very little social differentiation occurring in PQ. The observed social structure in PM may have resulted from passive habitat preference rather than genuine social behaviour, as the association pattern disappeared when SSLs moved to sandy beaches within the harbour. Given that these colonies are must-see tourist attractions but may have negative interactions with human activities, we recommend considering the association between SSLs and artificial habitats to design effective management strategies and reduce potential conflicts.
{"title":"Not friends, just roommates: social organisation of two South American sea lion non-breeding colonies","authors":"G. Giardino, M. Mandiola, Julián Bastida, J. Gana, R. Bastida, D. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2022.2034653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2022.2034653","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Groups of male South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens; SSLs) congregate in harbours on the northern coast of Argentina. These groups are very dynamic, with a high degree of habituation to human activities and the ability to colonise different types of artificial substrates, making them an interesting subject for understanding individual association patterns and spatio-temporal variations in this species. In the present study, we recorded the associations between individual bleach-marked SSLs in the harbours of Mar del Plata (PM) and Puerto Quequén (PQ) on four different substrate types during four non-breeding seasons. We found that the association pattern differed between the harbours, with a well-differentiated social structure being evident in PM but very little social differentiation occurring in PQ. The observed social structure in PM may have resulted from passive habitat preference rather than genuine social behaviour, as the association pattern disappeared when SSLs moved to sandy beaches within the harbour. Given that these colonies are must-see tourist attractions but may have negative interactions with human activities, we recommend considering the association between SSLs and artificial habitats to design effective management strategies and reduce potential conflicts.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"395 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42481737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2021.2013261
Iñigo Zabarte-Maeztu, R. D’archino, F. Matheson, M. Manley-Harris, I. Hawes
ABSTRACT The filamentous green alga Chaetomorpha ligustica (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales) was recorded covering seagrass meadows at Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand. Species of the genus Chaetomorpha are difficult to identify by their morphologically, and the identification of C. ligustica was confirmed by sequencing the 28S rRNA large subunit providing a high level of confidence in the species designation. In November 2019, we found C. ligustica intertwined with Ulva spp. forming dense, heavy and entangled structures. Here we report, for the first time, negative impacts of this species upon meadows of the New Zealand seagrass Zostera muelleri. We observed a significant loss of seagrass cover and evidence of anoxia under C. ligustica mats two weeks from the first sighting. Chaetomorpha ligustica can easily be misidentified in the field. This may lead to over- and under-reporting of species, and we recommend the need for more careful identification of macroalgal blooms in the future and further research on growth requirements and origins of strains.
{"title":"First record of Chaetomorpha ligustica (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales) smothering the seagrass Zostera muelleri in a New Zealand estuary","authors":"Iñigo Zabarte-Maeztu, R. D’archino, F. Matheson, M. Manley-Harris, I. Hawes","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2021.2013261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.2013261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The filamentous green alga Chaetomorpha ligustica (Cladophoraceae, Cladophorales) was recorded covering seagrass meadows at Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand. Species of the genus Chaetomorpha are difficult to identify by their morphologically, and the identification of C. ligustica was confirmed by sequencing the 28S rRNA large subunit providing a high level of confidence in the species designation. In November 2019, we found C. ligustica intertwined with Ulva spp. forming dense, heavy and entangled structures. Here we report, for the first time, negative impacts of this species upon meadows of the New Zealand seagrass Zostera muelleri. We observed a significant loss of seagrass cover and evidence of anoxia under C. ligustica mats two weeks from the first sighting. Chaetomorpha ligustica can easily be misidentified in the field. This may lead to over- and under-reporting of species, and we recommend the need for more careful identification of macroalgal blooms in the future and further research on growth requirements and origins of strains.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"454 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2021.2005637
Kristy L. Hogsden, Sophie O’Brien, Stacey Bartlett, Helen J. Warburton, H. Devlin, Kathryn E. Collins, C. Febria, Brandon C. Goeller, A. McIntosh, J. Harding
ABSTRACT Riparian plants provide an important source of energy for freshwater food webs through inputs of leaf litter. Planting riparian buffers with mixed species could enhance the detrital resource supply for invertebrates through varied leaf breakdown rates. To quantify leaf breakdown rates and invertebrate colonisation, we used leaves from eleven grass, shrub and tree species common along agricultural waterways in New Zealand. Breakdown of leaves immersed in a spring-fed stream differed significantly among species, being fastest for pasture grass (k = 0.0458 day−1) followed by broadleaf, pittosporum, willow, toetoe, poplar, gorse, Carex, eucalyptus, flax, and slowest for cabbage tree leaves (k = 0.0099 day−1). Invertebrate community composition did not differ between leaf species, but consumers were extremely abundant on some leaves (e.g. 51–83 Potamopyrgus snails g−1 pasture grass), indicating coarse detrital resources were in high demand for food or habitat. These breakdown rates could inform selection of riparian plant combinations that will enhance food availability for stream communities, especially continuity of supply, thereby contributing to waterway restoration.
{"title":"Riparian plant species offer a range of organic resources to stream invertebrate communities through varied leaf breakdown rates","authors":"Kristy L. Hogsden, Sophie O’Brien, Stacey Bartlett, Helen J. Warburton, H. Devlin, Kathryn E. Collins, C. Febria, Brandon C. Goeller, A. McIntosh, J. Harding","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2021.2005637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.2005637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Riparian plants provide an important source of energy for freshwater food webs through inputs of leaf litter. Planting riparian buffers with mixed species could enhance the detrital resource supply for invertebrates through varied leaf breakdown rates. To quantify leaf breakdown rates and invertebrate colonisation, we used leaves from eleven grass, shrub and tree species common along agricultural waterways in New Zealand. Breakdown of leaves immersed in a spring-fed stream differed significantly among species, being fastest for pasture grass (k = 0.0458 day−1) followed by broadleaf, pittosporum, willow, toetoe, poplar, gorse, Carex, eucalyptus, flax, and slowest for cabbage tree leaves (k = 0.0099 day−1). Invertebrate community composition did not differ between leaf species, but consumers were extremely abundant on some leaves (e.g. 51–83 Potamopyrgus snails g−1 pasture grass), indicating coarse detrital resources were in high demand for food or habitat. These breakdown rates could inform selection of riparian plant combinations that will enhance food availability for stream communities, especially continuity of supply, thereby contributing to waterway restoration.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"136 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2021.2007959
C. Thacker, D. Geiger, J. Shelley
ABSTRACT We describe two new species in the genus Gobiomorphus, a radiation of fresh and brackish water gudgeons known from Australia and New Zealand. These species are a prominent component of New Zealand’s freshwater ichthyofauna and most are widely distributed throughout both the North and South Islands. Two of the inland species, G. breviceps and G. basalis, are composed of disjunct northern and southern populations that are distinguishable with molecular data. We examine individuals from across the ranges of both species, identify morphological differences between them, and describe two new species: Gobiomorphus dinae n. sp. (distinct from G. basalis) and Gobiomorphus mataraerore n. sp. (distinct from G. breviceps). Although the species are similar, they vary in dorsal spine count (G. dinae) and pectoral fin ray count (G. mataraerore). We provide mitochondrial COI sequences for each species pair to facilitate identifications by DNA barcoding. These species represent examples of divergence in allopatry, with diagnostic characters arising over the last 2−5 million years in the G. breviceps/G. mataraerore pair, and fewer than 2 million years in the G. basalis/G. dinae pair. We also designate a lectotype for G. basalis (the paralectotype is G. cotidianus) in order to clarify confusion surrounding the original syntypes.
{"title":"Two new cryptic species of the freshwater fish genus Gobiomorphus (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae) in New Zealand","authors":"C. Thacker, D. Geiger, J. Shelley","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2021.2007959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.2007959","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe two new species in the genus Gobiomorphus, a radiation of fresh and brackish water gudgeons known from Australia and New Zealand. These species are a prominent component of New Zealand’s freshwater ichthyofauna and most are widely distributed throughout both the North and South Islands. Two of the inland species, G. breviceps and G. basalis, are composed of disjunct northern and southern populations that are distinguishable with molecular data. We examine individuals from across the ranges of both species, identify morphological differences between them, and describe two new species: Gobiomorphus dinae n. sp. (distinct from G. basalis) and Gobiomorphus mataraerore n. sp. (distinct from G. breviceps). Although the species are similar, they vary in dorsal spine count (G. dinae) and pectoral fin ray count (G. mataraerore). We provide mitochondrial COI sequences for each species pair to facilitate identifications by DNA barcoding. These species represent examples of divergence in allopatry, with diagnostic characters arising over the last 2−5 million years in the G. breviceps/G. mataraerore pair, and fewer than 2 million years in the G. basalis/G. dinae pair. We also designate a lectotype for G. basalis (the paralectotype is G. cotidianus) in order to clarify confusion surrounding the original syntypes.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45781147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2021.2003825
Iñigo Zabarte-Maeztu, F. Matheson, M. Manley-Harris, I. Hawes
ABSTRACT Seagrass Zostera muelleri has been reported to reproduce mainly asexually in New Zealand. However, a recent study in Tauranga Harbour suggested that flowering might occur more often than previously thought. Here we provide evidence of intertidal seagrass flowering events in six New Zealand estuaries in which it has not before been documented. Further research on seagrass sexual reproduction is desirable as we hypothesise that either flowering events have formerly been missed due to the cryptic nature of the flowers, or that sexual reproduction is emerging as a response to increasing pressures on seagrass ecosystems. In addition, with evidence of seagrass decline occurring globally, and likely also in New Zealand, we recommend collection of seagrass seeds to preserve genetic variability and to attempt restoration efforts through assisted sexual reproduction techniques that have not yet been used in New Zealand.
{"title":"Sexual reproduction of seagrass Zostera muelleri in Aotearoa New Zealand: are we missing a restoration opportunity?","authors":"Iñigo Zabarte-Maeztu, F. Matheson, M. Manley-Harris, I. Hawes","doi":"10.1080/00288330.2021.2003825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2021.2003825","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Seagrass Zostera muelleri has been reported to reproduce mainly asexually in New Zealand. However, a recent study in Tauranga Harbour suggested that flowering might occur more often than previously thought. Here we provide evidence of intertidal seagrass flowering events in six New Zealand estuaries in which it has not before been documented. Further research on seagrass sexual reproduction is desirable as we hypothesise that either flowering events have formerly been missed due to the cryptic nature of the flowers, or that sexual reproduction is emerging as a response to increasing pressures on seagrass ecosystems. In addition, with evidence of seagrass decline occurring globally, and likely also in New Zealand, we recommend collection of seagrass seeds to preserve genetic variability and to attempt restoration efforts through assisted sexual reproduction techniques that have not yet been used in New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":54720,"journal":{"name":"New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"447 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：