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Do Consumers Intend to Purchase the Food with Geographical Indication? 消费者是否有意购买有地理标志的食物?
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.30682/nm2204d
Yeşim Aytop, Dilara Çankaya
This research aims to determine the effect of consumers' perceptions of GI on purchasing 6 intention. Data were obtained from surveys conducted with 384 consumers in Turkey. 7 Structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the data. According to the results, 8 62.5% of the consumers have information about foods with GI while 58.9% of the consumers 9 consume foods with GI. The SEM results indicated that food with GI perception had a 10 statistically significant and positive effect on the intention to purchase foods with GI. 11 Consumers want to buy geographically marked foods as they are "healthier", "higher quality", 12 and "more reliable”. Consumers have positive opinions about foods with GI, and are willing 13 to pay more for them. The fact consumer perceptions do not change is closely related to the 14 performance of products with GI. Monitoring the production processes of GI foods that are 15 more delicious, healthier, reliable, and ensuring the continuity in product quality will increase 16 the demand of consumers for geographically marked foods.
本研究旨在确定消费者对地理标志的感知对购买意愿的影响。数据来自对土耳其384名消费者进行的调查。7结构方程模型(SEM)用于分析数据。结果显示,62.5%的消费者了解GI食品信息,58.9%的消费者消费GI食品。扫描电镜结果表明,具有GI感知的食品对具有GI感知的食品的购买意愿有10显著的正向影响。消费者希望购买有地理标志的食品,因为它们“更健康”、“质量更高”、“更可靠”。消费者对含有GI的食品有积极的看法,并愿意为它们支付更多的钱。消费者观念不变的事实与具有GI的产品的性能密切相关。监测更美味、更健康、更可靠的GI食品的生产过程,并确保产品质量的连续性,将增加消费者对地理标记食品的需求。
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引用次数: 1
Farmers’ opinion about Syrian workers in agricultural sector in Turkey: Case study of Gaziantep 农民对土耳其农业部门叙利亚工人的看法:加济安泰普的案例研究
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.30682/nm2204g
Hakan Cento, N. Bahşi
Due to the Syrian Civil War, many Syrians have had to flee their country and seek refuge in neighbouring countries, and they face a great deal of financial and social problems in their new countries of residence. Problems such as language barriers and hostility from the host community make it difficult for refugees to integrate into the countries which took them in, and the fact that they must become a part of the work force as a matter of priority to meet their daily needs means that they often work unskilled jobs for low wages and are not registered in any official systems. The structural properties of the agricultural sector means that it is one of the most popular work areas for Syrian migrants. This study aims to evaluate the circumstances of Syrian individuals under temporary protection status in Turkey in the agricultural sector from the perspective of farmers. To this end, a survey was conducted with 395 farmers working in the agricultural sector in the province of Gaziantep. According to the findings of the research, 61.5% of agricultural businesses in Gaziantep employ Syrian refugees. The main reason for farmers opting to employ Syrian workers under temporary protection order is low wages (78.8%). 82.9% of Syrian refugees work only during harvesting season. 92.4% work both harvesting and hoeing, while 79.2% of business owners state that employing refugees allows them to decreased their production costs. Despite the presence of legal regulations in Turkey outlining how refugees can become a part of the labour force, these haven’t prevented the prevalence of off-the-books employment. Making the necessary amendments to legal regulations regarding seasonal workers in the agricultural sector would benefit both local workers and Syrian refugees. Additionally, legislation regarding salaries would improve the living standards of refugee workers and increase their motivation to work, thus improve productivity in agricultural products.
由于叙利亚内战,许多叙利亚人不得不逃离自己的国家,到邻国避难,他们在新的居住国面临着大量的经济和社会问题。语言障碍和来自收容社区的敌意等问题使难民难以融入收容他们的国家,而且他们必须作为优先事项成为劳动力的一部分以满足日常需求,这意味着他们往往从事低工资的非技术性工作,而且没有在任何官方系统中登记。农业部门的结构特点意味着它是叙利亚移民最受欢迎的工作领域之一。本研究旨在从农民的角度评估在土耳其农业部门处于临时保护地位的叙利亚个人的情况。为此,对加济安泰普省农业部门的395名农民进行了调查。根据研究结果,加济安泰普61.5%的农业企业雇佣叙利亚难民。农民选择根据临时保护令雇佣叙利亚工人的主要原因是工资低(78.8%)。82.9%的叙利亚难民只在收获季节工作。92.4%的人同时从事收割和锄地工作,而79.2%的企业主表示,雇佣难民可以降低他们的生产成本。尽管土耳其有法律法规概述了难民如何成为劳动力的一部分,但这些法规并没有阻止帐外就业的盛行。对农业部门季节性工人的法律法规进行必要的修正,将使当地工人和叙利亚难民都受益。此外,有关工资的立法将提高难民工人的生活水平,增加他们工作的动力,从而提高农产品的生产力。
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Digitalization on Unemployment Reduction 数字化对降低失业率的影响
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.30682/nm2204c
Serena Sandri, Nooh Alshyab, Mais Sha'ban
Digital transformation and the digitalization of economic activity are ongoing trends profoundly shaping the global economy. Digitalization reflects digital inputs in the production process and new household and government consumption modes, investment possibilities, and financial instruments, increasingly envisaged by digital technologies and tools. This is also impacting the labour markets, on the one hand substituting machines to labour for routinized tasks and thus decreasing the demand for soft skills labour, but on the other hand, increasing the need for new professions revolving around new production and consumption modalities and digital skills. Considering these contrasting effects, it is essential to estimate the overall impact of digitalization on employment. Therefore, this study captures the impact of economic growth and digitalization on unemployment change, evaluating a modified version of Okun’s Law on a balanced panel data set for 58 countries between 2013 and 2019. The results from the estimation of a fixed-effect model show the empirical validity of Okun’s law for the sampled countries and a significant contribution of digitalization on unemployment reduction.
数字化转型和经济活动数字化是深刻塑造全球经济的持续趋势。数字化反映了生产过程中的数字化投入,以及越来越多地由数字技术和工具设想的新的家庭和政府消费模式、投资可能性和金融工具。这也影响了劳动力市场,一方面用机器代替劳动力完成常规任务,从而减少了对软技能劳动力的需求,但另一方面,围绕新的生产和消费方式以及数字技能,增加了对新职业的需求。考虑到这些不同的影响,有必要估计数字化对就业的总体影响。因此,本研究捕捉了经济增长和数字化对失业变化的影响,在2013年至2019年58个国家的平衡面板数据集上评估了修改后的奥肯定律。固定效应模型的估计结果表明,奥肯定律对样本国家的实证有效性和数字化对减少失业的显著贡献。
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引用次数: 4
Factors influencing technological innovation among agribusiness firms: A survey of small agricultural businesses in Ghana. 影响农业企业技术创新的因素:对加纳小型农业企业的调查。
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.30682/nm2204e
Dongmei Li, Brako Evans Ntiamoah, Edmond Yeboah Nyamah, Martinson Ankrah Twumasi
Agricultural research in Ghana has resulted in a number of innovations targeted at increasing the productivity of small agricultural businesses. However, none of these studies has investigated the factors that influence the adoption of technological innovation in Ghanaian agriculture businesses. Hence, this study examine the factors that influence the adoption of technological innovation in Ghanaian agribusinesses. Structural equation modeling was used to examine data collected from 1526 agribusiness employees in Ghana using a convenience sampling technique and a questionnaire survey. The findings indicate that internal, and external factors have an impact on information and communication technology (ICT), and new materials and technology (NM & NT), but no or little impact on biotechnology (BT) respectively. Also, the study reveal that human capital factors have a substantial impact on ICT, BT, and NM & NT. Lastly, the findings show that ICT, BT, and NM & NT have a positive and significant impact on technological innovation. The study underscores the need for agribusinesses to focus on internal and human capital factors since they increase employees' productivity and efficiency.
加纳的农业研究产生了一系列旨在提高小型农业企业生产力的创新。然而,这些研究都没有调查影响加纳农业企业采用技术创新的因素。因此,本研究考察了影响加纳农业综合企业采用技术创新的因素。采用结构方程模型,采用方便抽样技术和问卷调查,对加纳1526名农业综合企业员工的数据进行了检验。研究结果表明,内部和外部因素对信息通信技术和新材料与技术有影响,但对生物技术没有影响或影响很小。研究还表明,人力资本因素对ICT、BT和NM&NT有显著影响。最后,研究结果表明,ICT、BT、NM&NT对技术创新有积极而显著的影响。该研究强调,农业综合企业需要关注内部和人力资本因素,因为它们可以提高员工的生产力和效率。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability assessment and analysis of Tunisian olive growing systems 突尼斯橄榄种植系统的可持续性评估与分析
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.30682/nm2204a
Aicha Mokrani, Jamel Ben Nasr, Mohamed Béchir Sai, Mohamed Salah Bachta
This paper aims to assess and to analyze the sustainability of Tunisian olive growing system. Results show two types of farms in this sector. The first one is the traditional farms. The second is the modern farms. The sustainable value method (SV_method) inspired from the "ADVANCE" approach showed that those who adopt the modern management of the olive tree are more sustainable than the traditional type. In fact, the modern group presents a positive sustainable value. However, the traditional group recorded less efficient values than the Benchmark. Indeed, its Sustainable Value is negative, which means that the farms belonging to this group are not economically viable. Therefore, the traditional mode of management and the lack of innovation threaten future farming and viability of traditional olive tree farms. Furthermore, since most of these farms are family type, the cultural utility, which explains the current existence of these farms, will be insufficient and decision-makers must enhance the adoption of new governance models.
本文旨在评估和分析突尼斯橄榄种植系统的可持续性。结果显示,该行业有两种类型的农场。第一个是传统的农场。第二个是现代化的农场。受“ADVANCE”方法启发的可持续价值方法(SV_method)表明,采用现代橄榄树管理的人比传统类型的人更具可持续性。事实上,现代群体呈现出积极的可持续价值。然而,传统集团的价值记录不如基准。事实上,其可持续价值是负的,这意味着属于这一群体的农场在经济上不可行。因此,传统的管理模式和缺乏创新威胁着传统橄榄树农场未来的耕种和生存能力。此外,由于这些农场大多是家庭型的,解释这些农场目前存在的文化效用将是不够的,决策者必须加强采用新的治理模式。
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引用次数: 0
Do Livestock Supports Increase Livestock Production? Province Based Panel ARDL Analysis for Turkey Example 畜牧业支持提高畜牧业产量吗?基于省份的面板ARDL分析——以土耳其为例
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.30682/nm2203b
E. Bulut, Çağlayan Aslan
In recent years, there has been a significant change in Turkey's agricultural support policies, especially on livestock supports. The livestock support, with a share less than 5% in total has in early 2000s has reached up to 35% at the end of 2020. In order to understand the impact of increase in livestock supports, 11 years of livestock support and livestock presence in 81 provinces in Turkey were analyzed via Panel ARDL method. The results of the analysis revealed that support to livestock does not affect the number of livestock in the short term, but has a positive effect in the long run. Furthermore, both in the short and long term, the increase in prices in the livestock sector increases the livestock fund. Eventhough increases in feed prices harm livestock presence in short run as expected, this negative effect disappears in the long run. The production effect of minimum wage variable is added to the model considering the unique situation of Turkey, which effects the production negative in the short run, but positive in the long run.
近年来,土耳其的农业支持政策发生了重大变化,特别是在畜牧业支持方面。畜牧业支持在21世纪初的总份额不到5%,到2020年底已达到35%。为了了解牲畜支持增加的影响,通过Panel ARDL方法分析了土耳其81个省11年的牲畜支持和牲畜存在情况。分析结果表明,对牲畜的支持在短期内不会影响牲畜数量,但从长远来看会产生积极影响。此外,从短期和长期来看,畜牧业价格的上涨增加了畜牧基金。尽管饲料价格的上涨在短期内如预期的那样损害了牲畜的生存,但从长远来看,这种负面影响会消失。考虑到土耳其的独特情况,在模型中加入了最低工资变量的生产效应,这在短期内对生产产生了负面影响,但在长期内是积极的。
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引用次数: 0
Table Olive Farmers’ Sources of Risk and Risk Management Strategies 表橄榄农的风险来源及风险管理策略
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.30682/nm2203f
N. Tok
Like in all Mediterranean countries, Table olive farming has an important tradition and production potential in western Turkey, and thus it is critical to assess the risk sources and risk management strategies that farmers perceive. This study identifies perceptions of risk sources and managements strategies in the region, clarifying their relative importance, as farmers perceive them, using a survey conducted among 121 selected purposefully farmers. Sociodemographics of farmers and households were identified using basic descriptive statistics, such as arithmetic means and percentages. According to factor loadings, financial and marketing risk sources are most prominent among farmers, and human-induced and production technology issues represent the most important risk management strategies. In table olive production, it will be beneficial to develop strategies such as increasing the number of trees, improving agricultural activities, increasing the awareness level of farmers on issues such as climate change and the use of new technologies.
与所有地中海国家一样,桌上橄榄种植在土耳其西部有着重要的传统和生产潜力,因此评估农民感知的风险来源和风险管理策略至关重要。这项研究通过对121名有意选择的农民进行的调查,确定了该地区对风险源和管理策略的看法,并澄清了它们的相对重要性。使用算术平均数和百分比等基本描述性统计数据确定了农民和家庭的社会结构图。根据因素负荷,金融和营销风险源在农民中最为突出,人为因素和生产技术问题是最重要的风险管理策略。在餐桌橄榄生产中,制定诸如增加树木数量、改善农业活动、提高农民对气候变化和使用新技术等问题的认识等战略将是有益的。
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引用次数: 1
Rain-fed agriculture risks and management strategies adopted by farmers in two agro_x0002_ecological zones in Al-Hasakeh province of Syria. 叙利亚哈塞克省两个农业_x0002_生态区农民采用的雨水灌溉农业风险和管理策略。
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.30682/nm2203e
Naji khames AlFraj
Based on survey data of 319 rain-fed farmers in Al-Hasakeh, Syria, this study analyses rain-fed farmers’ risk attitudes and farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management. Furthermore, it analyzes, using multiple regression analysis, the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and farmers’ risk attitudes. The results demonstrate that precipitation shortage was the most important risk source that threaten farmers in both zones. Moreover, risks of diseases and pests and natural disasters were highly perceived by farmers in zone 1. Farmers in zone 2 were more concerned about fire damages and lack of government support. The financial strategy related to the producing at lowest possible cost is perceived as an important strategy to manage risk by farmers in both zones. Spraying for diseases and pests and liquidity are perceived as the most effective risk management strategies by farmers in zone 1, whereas farmers in zone 2 considered liquidity and choose good quality materials as an important strategy. The results also show that some farm and farmers’ characteristics (e.g. age, experience, education, household size, farm size, family labour, extension contact, off-farm work and Co-op Member) significantly impact the risk attitudes of the farmers in both zones.
基于对叙利亚哈塞克319名雨水灌溉农民的调查数据,本研究分析了雨水灌溉农民对风险的态度以及农民对风险和风险管理的认知。此外,运用多元回归分析方法,分析了社会经济特征与农民风险态度之间的关系。结果表明,降水短缺是威胁这两个地区农民的最重要风险源。此外,1区农民高度重视病虫害和自然灾害的风险。2区的农民更担心火灾造成的损失和缺乏政府支持。与以尽可能低的成本生产相关的财务战略被视为两个地区农民管理风险的重要战略。1区农民认为喷洒病虫害和流动性是最有效的风险管理策略,而2区农民则认为流动性和选择优质材料是一项重要策略。研究结果还表明,一些农场和农民的特征(如年龄、经验、教育程度、家庭规模、农场规模、家庭劳动力、扩展接触、非农场工作和合作社成员)显著影响了这两个地区农民的风险态度。
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引用次数: 0
Farm Size and Productivity in Algerian Agriculture: A Contingent Relationship. 阿尔及利亚农业的农场规模和生产力:一种偶然关系。
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.30682/nm2203a
M. Amine Benmehaia
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between farm size and farm performance in Algeria. Unlike most previous studies, this preliminary study uses a large dataset comprising 26 735 farmers in Biskra region. Two farming sectors are considered, namely: date palm sector (typically a traditional farming sector) and greenhouse vegetables sector (relatively a modernizing sector). The study employs two farm performance measures, farmland productivity (farm output per hectare) and land use intensity. A bivariate non-parametric regression (Nadaraya-Watson approach) and multivariate quantile regression are used to assess the IR in two farming sectors. The main findings show that the IR holds for a traditional agriculture and does not in a modernizing one. Then, when it holds, it follows a systematically monotonic smooth pattern, whereas in a highly input-intense modern sector, the relationship becomes, in the best cases, blurry. The consideration of the nature of the used technology in the underlying sector (i.e., its stage of development) is of crucial importance as a contingency factor in analyzing the IR for any farming system ignored in most studies.
本文的目的是分析阿尔及利亚农场规模与农场绩效之间的关系。与之前的大多数研究不同,这项初步研究使用了一个大型数据集,包括比斯克拉地区的26735名农民。考虑了两个农业部门,即:椰枣部门(通常是传统农业部门)和温室蔬菜部门(相对而言是现代化部门)。该研究采用了两种农业绩效指标,即农田生产力(每公顷农业产量)和土地利用强度。使用双变量非参数回归(Nadaraya-WWatson方法)和多变量分位数回归来评估两个农业部门的IR。主要研究结果表明,IR支持传统农业,而不支持现代化农业。然后,当它成立时,它遵循系统的单调平滑模式,而在高度投入密集的现代部门,在最好的情况下,这种关系变得模糊。在分析大多数研究中忽略的任何农业系统的IR时,考虑基础部门中所用技术的性质(即其发展阶段)作为一个偶然因素至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Analyse du processus d'émergence de la filière figue de barbarie et de ses coproduits en Algérie : potentiel, contraintes et perspectives 分析阿尔及利亚花梨产业及其副产品的出现过程:潜力、制约因素和前景
IF 1 4区 经济学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-16 DOI: 10.30682/nm2203h
Noure El Imene Boumali, F. Mamine, Foued Cheriet, E. Montaigne, Foudil Arbouche
This article analyses several possibilities to valorize prickly pear farming in Algeria, a context dominated by semi-arid ecosystems. It uses sociotechnical and evolutionary approaches in order to understand the new dynamics happening within this sector. Based on field surveys and literature review, this study shows that the production and processing of prickly pear by-products present a high potential, but remains largely under-exploited. Production is mostly artisanal, collection uses traditional practices and marketing is dominated by unstructured and informal channels. The development of processing activities is fairly recent and its dynamic reflects the high interest for this emerging sector by adopting certain practices already observed elsewhere. Finally, an important constraint is foreign market entry. Due to the partial failure of producer’s commercial export strategies’, local outlets remain dominant.
本文分析了在半干旱生态系统主导的阿尔及利亚对刺梨种植进行估价的几种可能性。它使用社会技术和进化方法来了解该部门内发生的新动态。基于实地调查和文献综述,本研究表明,刺梨副产品的生产和加工具有很高的潜力,但在很大程度上仍处于开发不足的状态。生产主要是手工制作,收藏使用传统做法,营销由非结构化和非正式渠道主导。加工活动的发展是最近才出现的,其动态反映了人们对这一新兴行业的高度兴趣,采用了其他地方已经观察到的某些做法。最后,一个重要的制约因素是外国市场进入。由于生产商商业出口战略的部分失败,当地门店仍然占据主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
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