Neuroepidemiology最新文献

Introduction: Previous longitudinal studies reported the impact of antioxidant nutrients (ANs) on cognitive impairment in the older population, but the conclusions were inconsistent. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that dietary intake of total AN was associated with incident dementia among older individuals.

Methods: Community residents without dementia aged ≥60 years were prospectively followed up for an average of 5.2 years in the Shanghai Aging Study. At baseline, daily intakes of total dietary AN (the sum of carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein, and flavonoids) and energy were calculated based on an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire measuring the dietary intake over the past 1 year for each participant. A battery of neuropsychological tests was used to evaluate cognitive function, and a consensus diagnosis of dementia was made according to the DSM-IV criteria at baseline and follow-up.

Results: Among 1,550 dementia-free participants, 135 (8.7%) incident dementia cases were identified during the average of 5.2 years of follow-up. Participants with low AN intake (<112 mg/day) had a significantly higher risk of incident dementia than those with high AN intake (≥112 mg/day) (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.77) after adjusting for age, gender, education, obesity, APOE-ε4, hypertension, diabetes, depression, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score, and total energy intake. The significant association of total AN intake with incident dementia was only found in individuals ≥70 years.

Conclusion: Low total AN intake may be a risk factor for incident dementia among older adults. Maintaining sufficient AN intake may be beneficial against age-related cognitive decline.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It has been estimated that 64-74 million individuals experience TBI from all causes each year. Due to these variations in reporting TBI prevalence in the general population, we decided to perform a meta-analysis of published studies to better understand the prevalence of TBI in the general adult population of the USA which can help health decision-makers in determining general policies to reduce TBI cases and their costs and burden on the healthcare system.

Methods: Our meta-analysis was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024534598). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed from the National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar was performed from database inception to April 2024. Sixteen studies that evaluated the US general population met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed to estimate the prevalence of TBI in the general adult population of the USA.

Results: The total sample consisted of 27,491 individuals, of whom 4,453 reported a lifetime history of TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) (18.2%, 95% CI 14.4-22.7%). Some studies did not report relevant information based on gender, but based on available data, among males, 1,843 individuals out of 8,854 reported a lifetime history of TBI with LOC (20.8%). Among females, 1,363 individuals out of 11,943 reported a lifetime history of TBI with LOC (11.4%). The odds of sustaining TBI in males were higher than in females with moderate heterogeneity between studies (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.85-2.36, p < 0.01, I2 = 40%).

Conclusion: The prevalence of TBI in the US general population is 18.2%, making it a major public health concern. In addition, males were more than twice as likely as females to sustain TBI with LOC. Considering the irreparable long-term adverse effects of TBI on survivors, their families, and the healthcare system, prevention strategies can facilitate substantial reductions in TBI-related permanent disabilities and medical care costs.

Background: Female gender is a known risk factor for long COVID. With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, the corresponding number of survivors is also expected to rise. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has specifically addressed the gender differences in neurological symptoms of long COVID.

Methods: We included studies on female individuals who presented with specific neurological symptoms at least 12 weeks after confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis from PubMed, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search limit was put for after January 2020 until June 15, 2024. We excluded studies that did not provide sex-specific outcome data, those not in English, case reports, case series, and review articles Results: A total of 5,632 eligible articles were identified. This article provides relevant information from 12 studies involving 6,849 patients, of which 3,414 were female. The sample size ranged from 70 to 2,856, with a maximum follow-up period of 18 months. The earliest publication date was September 16, 2021, while the latest was June 11, 2024. The following neurological symptoms had a significant difference in the risk ratio (RR) for female gender: fatigue RR 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-1.60, p < 0.001), headache RR 1.37 (95% CI: 1.12-1.67, p = 0.002), brain-fog RR 1.38 (95% CI 1.08-1.76, p = 0.011) depression RR 1.49 (95% CI: 1.2-1.86, p < 0.001), and anosmia RR 1.61 (95% CI: 1.36-1.90, p < 0.001). High heterogenicity was found for fatigue, brain fog, and anxiety due to the diverse methodologies employed in the studies.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that women are at a higher risk for long-COVID neurological symptoms, including fatigue, headaches, brain fog, depression, and anosmia, compared to men. The prevalence of these symptoms decreases after 1 year, based on limited data from the small number of studies available beyond this period.

Introduction: Constipation is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its impact on incident PD remains uncertain. We aimed to prospectively investigate constipation symptoms and the risk of PD.

Methods: Participants without PD at baseline from the UK Biobank were included in the study. Information on the regular use of laxatives, bowel movement frequency, and the frequency of hard or lumpy stools was collected. Incident PD was defined by the ICD-10 code. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between constipation symptoms and incident PD.

Results: In the analysis of regular laxative use and PD, 490,797 participants were included and 2,735 incident PD were detected. The multivariable adjusted HR of PD in participants who regularly used laxatives was 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-2.33) compared with those who did not. In the analysis of bowel movement frequency and hard or lumpy stools and PD, 170,017 participants were included and 519 incident PD were detected. The multivariable adjusted HRs were 2.16 (95% CI, 1.74-2.68) and 2.57 (95% CI, 2.00-3.31) for participants with a bowel movement frequency of 3-6 times/week and <3 times/week, respectively, compared with those with a bowel movement frequency of ≥7 times/week; compared with participants who never had hard or lumpy stools, multivariable adjusted HRs were 1.31 (95% CI, 1.07-1.60), 2.32 (95% CI, 1.77-3.05), and 2.94 (95% CI, 2.14-4.05) for those who sometimes had hard or lumpy stools, often had hard or lumpy stools, and most of time/always had hard or lumpy stools, respectively.

Conclusions: Constipation measured by the regular use of laxatives, bowel movement frequency, and the frequency of hard or lumpy stools was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident PD.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the individual and combined associations between dietary habits and lifestyle factors concerning all-cause mortality and stroke in Chinese adults.

Method: We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving 10,008 participants, gathering baseline data on lifestyle, metabolic status, dietary habits, and living behaviors. Subsequently, a 10-year follow-up was performed, resulting in the inclusion of 7,612 participants in this study. We employed Spearman correlation analysis, restricted cubic spline regression, and Cox regression analysis to evaluate the connections between outcome events, dietary habits, and lifestyle.

Result: For each additional serving of pulses consumed per week, there was a slight decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99). The hazard ratios for stroke were 2.24 (1.48, 3.37) for current smokers, in comparison to individuals who had never smoked. Appropriate intake of specific dietary factors and certain lifestyle habits were associated with reduced stroke: fruit drinks at 0.51 (0.34, 0.87), and animal viscera at 0.58 (0.32, 1.04). Weekly consumption of at least 21 servings of vegetables (0.72, 0.53-0.98), 0-1 serving of fried food (0.58, 0.38-0.90), and at least 1 serving of carbonated beverages (0.51, 0.28-0.92) was associated with a reduced risk of stroke.

Conclusion: Smoking was found to be linked to an increased risk of stroke. A higher intake of fruit drinks and animal viscera was associated with a reduced risk of stroke. In contrast, a higher intake of beans was associated with a decreased risk of overall mortality. Consuming an appropriate amount of vegetables, fried foods, and carbonated drinks was found to potentially lower the risk of stroke. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of developing tailored dietary interventions conducive to the Chinese populace's health.

Study design: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive register study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to present the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of the Swedish spinal cord injury (SCI) population.

Setting: Rehabilitation units in Sweden were connected to the National Quality Register for Rehabilitation Medicine (Svenskt Register för Rehabiliteringsmedicin: SveReh). The registry includes data from 26 units around the country.

Methods: Information was extracted from SveReh for patients who underwent rehabilitation for a new onset SCI between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Data regarding gender, age, aetiology, level of injury, neurogenic bowel and/or bladder dysfunction, complications during the primary rehabilitation, and the need for bi-level positive airway pressure, continuous positive airway pressure, or ventilator were analysed.

Results: Mean age at onset was 56 years, and men were overrepresented (66%). Tetraplegia was more common among traumatic SCI (TSCI) than non-traumatic SCI (NTSCI). The incidence was 11.9-14.8 per million for TSCI and 8.9-11.8 per million for NTSCI. At discharge, 8% of patients needed a breathing aid. Of those who were ventilator-dependent at discharge, 75% had a TSCI. Disturbed bowel and bladder functioning was noted in 58% of patients at discharge. The median time spent at the unit was 40 days, but it was approximately 2 weeks longer for those with a TSCI.

Conclusions: Systematic and updated data on the Swedish SCI population show a pattern similar to Scandinavian countries with high age at onset and falls being the main cause of TSCI. The TSCI incidence was lower than in previous studies, and the results for NTSCI were novel.