Robert M Hughes, Alan T Herlihy, Randy Comeleo, David V Peck, Richard M Mitchell, Steven G Paulsen
Both native and non-native taxa richness patterns are useful for evaluating areas of greatest conservation concern. To determine those patterns, we analyzed fish and macroinvertebrate taxa richness data obtained at 3475 sites collected by the USEPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment. We also determined which natural and anthropogenic variables best explained patterns in regional richness. Macroinvertebrate and fish richness increased with the number of sites sampled per region. Therefore, we determined residual taxa richness from the deviation of observed richness from predicted richness given the number of sites per region. Regional richness markedly exceeded average site richness for both macroinvertebrates and fish. Predictors of macroinvertebrate-genus and fish-species residual-regional richness differed. Air temperature was an important predictor in both cases but was positive for fish and negative for macroinvertebrates. Both natural and land use variables were significant predictors of regional richness. This study is the first to determine mean site and regional richness of both fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates across the conterminous USA, and the key anthropogenic drivers of regional richness. Thus, it offers important insights into regional USA biodiversity hotspots.
本地和非本地分类群的丰富度模式对于评估最受保护关注的地区非常有用。为了确定这些模式，我们分析了美国环保局国家河流和溪流评估项目（USEPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment）在 3475 个地点收集的鱼类和大型无脊椎动物类群丰富度数据。我们还确定了哪些自然和人为变量最能解释区域丰富度的模式。随着每个地区采样点数量的增加，大型无脊椎动物和鱼类的丰富度也随之增加。因此，我们根据观察到的丰富度与预测的丰富度之间的偏差（考虑到每个区域的取样点数量）来确定残差类群丰富度。无论是大型无脊椎动物还是鱼类，区域丰富度都明显高于平均站点丰富度。预测大型无脊椎动物种属和鱼类物种残差-区域丰富度的因素各不相同。气温在这两种情况下都是重要的预测因子，但对鱼类来说是正值，而对大型无脊椎动物来说是负值。自然变量和土地利用变量都是区域丰富度的重要预测因子。这项研究首次确定了美国大陆地区鱼类和水生大型无脊椎动物的平均地点和区域丰富度，以及造成区域丰富度的主要人为因素。因此，该研究为了解美国地区生物多样性热点提供了重要信息。
{"title":"Patterns in and predictors of stream and river macroinvertebrate genera and fish species richness across the conterminous USA.","authors":"Robert M Hughes, Alan T Herlihy, Randy Comeleo, David V Peck, Richard M Mitchell, Steven G Paulsen","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2023014","DOIUrl":"10.1051/kmae/2023014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both native and non-native taxa richness patterns are useful for evaluating areas of greatest conservation concern. To determine those patterns, we analyzed fish and macroinvertebrate taxa richness data obtained at 3475 sites collected by the USEPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment. We also determined which natural and anthropogenic variables best explained patterns in regional richness. Macroinvertebrate and fish richness increased with the number of sites sampled per region. Therefore, we determined residual taxa richness from the deviation of observed richness from predicted richness given the number of sites per region. Regional richness markedly exceeded average site richness for both macroinvertebrates and fish. Predictors of macroinvertebrate-genus and fish-species residual-regional richness differed. Air temperature was an important predictor in both cases but was positive for fish and negative for macroinvertebrates. Both natural and land use variables were significant predictors of regional richness. This study is the first to determine mean site and regional richness of both fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates across the conterminous USA, and the key anthropogenic drivers of regional richness. Thus, it offers important insights into regional USA biodiversity hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"424 19","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10428169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10403518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tian Qian, Hu He, Kuanyi Li, Chunlei Yue, Erik Jeppesen
Subtropical lakes are often dominated by benthi-omnivorous fish ( e.g. , crucian carp) that may substantially disturb sediments and thereby increase water turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Piscivores stocking is sometimes used to control these benthi-omnivores in the expectation that they will reduce their adverse effects on the water quality. However, in shallow subtropical lakes the benthic foraging activities of piscivorous fish may also disturb sediments, a topic that has not yet been well elucidated. Here, we conducted a 6-day mesocosm experiment to explore the bioturbation effects of two native subtropical piscivorous fish ( i.e. , snakehead, Channa argus and mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi ) in prey fish (crucian carp, Carassius carassius ) present and absent scenarios. Our results showed that in mesocosms without prey, both snakehead and mandarin fish greatly increased the concentrations of suspended solids. However, the concentrations of total, organic and inorganic suspended solids were significantly higher in the mesocosms with snakehead than in those with mandarin fish, suggesting that snakehead has higher bioturbation effects than mandarin fish. When crucian carp were present, we found that both snakehead and mandarin fish significantly reduced prey abundance, whereas piscivore stocking did not significantly decrease the suspended solids and nutrient concentrations. Our study revealed differential effects of two subtropical piscivorous fish species on sediment disturbance and water quality, and we suggest that for lake restoration with piscivores stocking, mandarin fish are a better option than snakehead fish as their predation effect was equal but the strength of sediment disturbance by mandarin fish was lower than that of snakehead.
{"title":"Effects of two subtropical piscivorous fish species on sediment disturbance and water quality: Implication for restoration by stocking piscivores","authors":"Tian Qian, Hu He, Kuanyi Li, Chunlei Yue, Erik Jeppesen","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2023021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2023021","url":null,"abstract":"Subtropical lakes are often dominated by benthi-omnivorous fish ( e.g. , crucian carp) that may substantially disturb sediments and thereby increase water turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Piscivores stocking is sometimes used to control these benthi-omnivores in the expectation that they will reduce their adverse effects on the water quality. However, in shallow subtropical lakes the benthic foraging activities of piscivorous fish may also disturb sediments, a topic that has not yet been well elucidated. Here, we conducted a 6-day mesocosm experiment to explore the bioturbation effects of two native subtropical piscivorous fish ( i.e. , snakehead, Channa argus and mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi ) in prey fish (crucian carp, Carassius carassius ) present and absent scenarios. Our results showed that in mesocosms without prey, both snakehead and mandarin fish greatly increased the concentrations of suspended solids. However, the concentrations of total, organic and inorganic suspended solids were significantly higher in the mesocosms with snakehead than in those with mandarin fish, suggesting that snakehead has higher bioturbation effects than mandarin fish. When crucian carp were present, we found that both snakehead and mandarin fish significantly reduced prey abundance, whereas piscivore stocking did not significantly decrease the suspended solids and nutrient concentrations. Our study revealed differential effects of two subtropical piscivorous fish species on sediment disturbance and water quality, and we suggest that for lake restoration with piscivores stocking, mandarin fish are a better option than snakehead fish as their predation effect was equal but the strength of sediment disturbance by mandarin fish was lower than that of snakehead.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydropower production can cause migration delay and fish mortality, impeding the safe and timely downstream migration of diadromous fish, such as Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and silver eels ( Anguilla anguilla ). To date, only a few field performance tests, especially for eels, have evaluated the efficiency of fine-spaced angled racks associated to a surface bypass entrance to protect fish. Here, 115 salmon smolts and 65 silver eels were radio-tracked over a 2 yr period to assess passage efficiency and passage time at a hydropower intake (50 m 3 .s −1 ) retrofitted with a 20 mm rack associated to a surface bypass (2 m 3 .s −1 ). Results showed high impediment (89.6% and 96.9% for smolts and eels, respectively), and passage efficiency for the angled rack (89.1% and 93.3%), with short passage times (median, 3 and 7.5 min). However, our results highlighted a strong influence of hydrological conditions, in enhancing fish passage, especially through the bear-trap gate. We conclude that this fish passage solution, making use of existing spillways on the study site, is highly effective for both species. Special attention must, however, be paid to bar-rack design and its cleaning system to ensure fish guidance and prevent impingement or passage through the rack, especially for salmon smolts.
{"title":"Evaluation of a fine-spaced angled rack with surface bypass in providing safe and timely downstream passage for salmon smolts and silver eels","authors":"Stéphane Tétard, Dominique Courret, Laurence Tissot, Sylvain Richard, Thierry Lagarrigue, Aurélien Frey, Vincent Mataix, Olivier Mercier, Sylvie Tomanova","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2023020","url":null,"abstract":"Hydropower production can cause migration delay and fish mortality, impeding the safe and timely downstream migration of diadromous fish, such as Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and silver eels ( Anguilla anguilla ). To date, only a few field performance tests, especially for eels, have evaluated the efficiency of fine-spaced angled racks associated to a surface bypass entrance to protect fish. Here, 115 salmon smolts and 65 silver eels were radio-tracked over a 2 yr period to assess passage efficiency and passage time at a hydropower intake (50 m 3 .s −1 ) retrofitted with a 20 mm rack associated to a surface bypass (2 m 3 .s −1 ). Results showed high impediment (89.6% and 96.9% for smolts and eels, respectively), and passage efficiency for the angled rack (89.1% and 93.3%), with short passage times (median, 3 and 7.5 min). However, our results highlighted a strong influence of hydrological conditions, in enhancing fish passage, especially through the bear-trap gate. We conclude that this fish passage solution, making use of existing spillways on the study site, is highly effective for both species. Special attention must, however, be paid to bar-rack design and its cleaning system to ensure fish guidance and prevent impingement or passage through the rack, especially for salmon smolts.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Belgium, a voluntary code of conduct intended to prevent introduction of invasive plants through the horticultural trade has been implemented since 2009. European Regulation 1143/2014 that imposes legal bans on a number of plant taxa entered into force in 2015. However, studies regarding the presence of invasive plants in the Belgian horticultural trade remained scarce. In 2016–2017 and in 2020, we surveyed a total of 11 garden centres specialized in water gardening and compiled a list of 285 aquatic plant taxa that were being traded. In 2020, four Belgian Consensus List species and one Communication List species were still offered for sale. Also, three species of Union Concern were still being sold in 2020. The plants of the Belgian Lists that were still being sold in 2020 and all except one of the European Union List plants were mislabelled, either because of misidentification or because a taxonomic synonym was used. Mislabelling may explain why some prohibited plants were still in trade. Therefore, retailers and plant producers should be encouraged to correctly identify the plants that are being traded. Our study illustrates that regular surveys are essential to assess the effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct and legal trade bans.
{"title":"Mislabelling may explain why some prohibited invasive aquatic plants are still being sold in Belgium","authors":"Tom Van den Neucker, K. Scheers","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2022005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022005","url":null,"abstract":"In Belgium, a voluntary code of conduct intended to prevent introduction of invasive plants through the horticultural trade has been implemented since 2009. European Regulation 1143/2014 that imposes legal bans on a number of plant taxa entered into force in 2015. However, studies regarding the presence of invasive plants in the Belgian horticultural trade remained scarce. In 2016–2017 and in 2020, we surveyed a total of 11 garden centres specialized in water gardening and compiled a list of 285 aquatic plant taxa that were being traded. In 2020, four Belgian Consensus List species and one Communication List species were still offered for sale. Also, three species of Union Concern were still being sold in 2020. The plants of the Belgian Lists that were still being sold in 2020 and all except one of the European Union List plants were mislabelled, either because of misidentification or because a taxonomic synonym was used. Mislabelling may explain why some prohibited plants were still in trade. Therefore, retailers and plant producers should be encouraged to correctly identify the plants that are being traded. Our study illustrates that regular surveys are essential to assess the effectiveness of voluntary codes of conduct and legal trade bans.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88955905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Van Horn, Justin K. Reale, Thomas P. Archdeacon
Drought is a common disturbance in arid-land streams and rivers. The survival of aquatic species depends on access to refuge habitats where water quality remains high. Over the past century, modified flow regimes and altered watershed and instream characteristics have led to the extinction and endangerment of numerous fish species endemic to the southwestern United States. We assessed the water quality of potential drought refuges in the Middle Rio Grande (MRG), with an emphasis on suitability for the endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow (RGSM). We examined three types of potential drought refuges: three agricultural return drain outfalls; three isolated pools that remained during streamflow intermittency; and a reach with perennial flow below an agricultural diversion dam. All potential refuges are known to contain RGSM and other fishes. Two out of three drain outfalls, one out of three isolated pools, and three out of ten kilometers of perennially wetted stream below a dam met basic water quality criteria necessary to support RGSM populations. These findings suggest that refuge habitability is context dependent, that generalizations regarding the suitability of a specific refuge type should be avoided, and that careful assessment is required to determine if a specific location will support fish assemblages. Although some areas may contain water, they may represent ecological traps if fish are exposed to poor water quality conditions compared to other potential refuge habitats.
{"title":"Water quality in three potential drought refuges in an arid-land river: assessing habitat suitability for at-risk fish species","authors":"David Van Horn, Justin K. Reale, Thomas P. Archdeacon","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022002","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a common disturbance in arid-land streams and rivers. The survival of aquatic species depends on access to refuge habitats where water quality remains high. Over the past century, modified flow regimes and altered watershed and instream characteristics have led to the extinction and endangerment of numerous fish species endemic to the southwestern United States. We assessed the water quality of potential drought refuges in the Middle Rio Grande (MRG), with an emphasis on suitability for the endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow (RGSM). We examined three types of potential drought refuges: three agricultural return drain outfalls; three isolated pools that remained during streamflow intermittency; and a reach with perennial flow below an agricultural diversion dam. All potential refuges are known to contain RGSM and other fishes. Two out of three drain outfalls, one out of three isolated pools, and three out of ten kilometers of perennially wetted stream below a dam met basic water quality criteria necessary to support RGSM populations. These findings suggest that refuge habitability is context dependent, that generalizations regarding the suitability of a specific refuge type should be avoided, and that careful assessment is required to determine if a specific location will support fish assemblages. Although some areas may contain water, they may represent ecological traps if fish are exposed to poor water quality conditions compared to other potential refuge habitats.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72539048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk from climate change due to the intrinsic link between the physical properties of the water environment and those species that live there. Mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies are key indicators of the health of freshwater environments and their biological traits and ecological preferences determine their vulnerability to climate change. Traits and preferences for 289 British species were analysed, with voltinism, length of flight period, altitudinal preference and affinity to headwaters being the main factors causing vulnerability. Sixteen species were deemed to be at risk from climate change. These species are distributed across Great Britain, but particular hotspots of vulnerability are present in upland areas. These areas should be targeted with mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of climate change on populations of aquatic insects.
{"title":"The vulnerability of British aquatic insects to climate change","authors":"C. Macadam, J. England, R. Chadd","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2022003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022003","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater ecosystems are particularly at risk from climate change due to the intrinsic link between the physical properties of the water environment and those species that live there. Mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies are key indicators of the health of freshwater environments and their biological traits and ecological preferences determine their vulnerability to climate change. Traits and preferences for 289 British species were analysed, with voltinism, length of flight period, altitudinal preference and affinity to headwaters being the main factors causing vulnerability. Sixteen species were deemed to be at risk from climate change. These species are distributed across Great Britain, but particular hotspots of vulnerability are present in upland areas. These areas should be targeted with mitigation measures to reduce the impacts of climate change on populations of aquatic insects.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82553114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Descriptions of shifts in biodiversity across time are desired for urban freshwater systems to better study ecosystem change and causal mechanisms. I document changes in fish diversity within the Chicago Area Waterways across 35 years using a battery of diversity metrics calculated on both abundance and biomass data. Has diversity of Chicago's waterways changed over 35 years and if so, do different diversity metrics exhibit different trends or breakpoints in trends? Diversity of the fish assemblage increased across the three decades of study. Breakpoint analysis suggested that trends across the timeseries were nonlinear. Changes in dominant species influenced behavior of less traditional metrics, whereas Margalef's Richness, Shannon-Weiner, and Gini-Simpson appeared more robust. Increases in richness and taxonomic diversity combined with decreases in species dominance suggest an ecosystem of increasing quality. The fish community of the Chicago Area Waterway System is more diverse both in abundance as well as biomass (i.e., energy flows) in the late 2010's than it was in the late 1980's. Although external factors related to wastewater treatment increased water quality and likely led to these assemblage-level changes breakpoint analysis did not allow verification of causal mechanisms.
{"title":"Increasing fish diversity of Chicago's waterways","authors":"Austin Happel","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2021038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021038","url":null,"abstract":"Descriptions of shifts in biodiversity across time are desired for urban freshwater systems to better study ecosystem change and causal mechanisms. I document changes in fish diversity within the Chicago Area Waterways across 35 years using a battery of diversity metrics calculated on both abundance and biomass data. Has diversity of Chicago's waterways changed over 35 years and if so, do different diversity metrics exhibit different trends or breakpoints in trends? Diversity of the fish assemblage increased across the three decades of study. Breakpoint analysis suggested that trends across the timeseries were nonlinear. Changes in dominant species influenced behavior of less traditional metrics, whereas Margalef's Richness, Shannon-Weiner, and Gini-Simpson appeared more robust. Increases in richness and taxonomic diversity combined with decreases in species dominance suggest an ecosystem of increasing quality. The fish community of the Chicago Area Waterway System is more diverse both in abundance as well as biomass (i.e., energy flows) in the late 2010's than it was in the late 1980's. Although external factors related to wastewater treatment increased water quality and likely led to these assemblage-level changes breakpoint analysis did not allow verification of causal mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84828902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Beatrice Castellani, L. Lastrucci, L. Lazzaro, R. Bolpagni, Alice Dalla Vecchia, A. Coppi
This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the multiple diversity harbored in plant communities dominated by P. australis, discriminating between lentic and lotic habitats. We focused on the incidence of alien species on taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Although it was hypothesized that ecological differences between habitats (lentic vs. lotic) could lead to plant adaptive trade-offs, results showed that the P. australis dominance affected overall plant diversity in the same way in both target habitats. Similarly, the two compared habitats hosted a similar alien species richness and relative abundance. Different results were observed based on whether the alien species richness or their relative abundance were considered regarding the incidence of alien species. Increasing alien species richness in lentic habitats resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Instead, in lotic habitats, it promoted a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity. In contrast, the increase in the relative abundance of alien species resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in both habitats. Choosing relative abundance vs richness of aliens in lotic stands can have a different impact in evaluating the effect of aliens on various components of diversity.
{"title":"The incidence of alien species on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of lentic and lotic communities dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud","authors":"Maria Beatrice Castellani, L. Lastrucci, L. Lazzaro, R. Bolpagni, Alice Dalla Vecchia, A. Coppi","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022001","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the multiple diversity harbored in plant communities dominated by P. australis, discriminating between lentic and lotic habitats. We focused on the incidence of alien species on taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Although it was hypothesized that ecological differences between habitats (lentic vs. lotic) could lead to plant adaptive trade-offs, results showed that the P. australis dominance affected overall plant diversity in the same way in both target habitats. Similarly, the two compared habitats hosted a similar alien species richness and relative abundance. Different results were observed based on whether the alien species richness or their relative abundance were considered regarding the incidence of alien species. Increasing alien species richness in lentic habitats resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Instead, in lotic habitats, it promoted a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity. In contrast, the increase in the relative abundance of alien species resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in both habitats. Choosing relative abundance vs richness of aliens in lotic stands can have a different impact in evaluating the effect of aliens on various components of diversity.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74455869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nagayama, Munehiro Oota, Tomohiko Fujita, J. Kitamura, T. Minamoto, Seiichi Mori, Masayuki Kato, Naofumi Takeyama, Fumiya Takino, R. Yonekura, H. Yamanaka
The terrestrialization of floodplains has become a concern to river managers and ecologists because it has degraded habitats for floodplain-dependent organisms. We examined the temporal distributions of the endangered deepbody bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) throughout its life history, which is an autumn-spawning annual fish spending its egg and larval stages in unionid mussels and emerging in spring, to understand its population decline in the terrestrialized floodplains of the Kiso River, central Japan. We first validated our A. longipinnis environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling method and observed an 89.3% probability of consistency between the eDNA and the direct capture surveys of 56 floodplain waterbodies (FWBs). Subsequently, the temporal distributions with autumn dispersal (9 of 14 FWBs) were found using time-series eDNA samples collected from 14 FWBs on a floodplain with a length and width of 1.4 and 0.2 km, respectively. In the following spring, juveniles were only detected in the two FWBs connected to the river channel. Moreover, the direct capture data revealed that juveniles occurred in 52.9% (9/17) of the connected FWBs, but only in 5.1% (2/39) of the FWBs isolated from the river channel. Autumn dispersal of A. longipinnis would be disadvantageous for reproduction in terrestrialized floodplains with numerous isolated FWBs.
{"title":"Autumn dispersal and limited success of reproduction of the deepbody bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) in terrestrialized floodplain","authors":"S. Nagayama, Munehiro Oota, Tomohiko Fujita, J. Kitamura, T. Minamoto, Seiichi Mori, Masayuki Kato, Naofumi Takeyama, Fumiya Takino, R. Yonekura, H. Yamanaka","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2022004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022004","url":null,"abstract":"The terrestrialization of floodplains has become a concern to river managers and ecologists because it has degraded habitats for floodplain-dependent organisms. We examined the temporal distributions of the endangered deepbody bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) throughout its life history, which is an autumn-spawning annual fish spending its egg and larval stages in unionid mussels and emerging in spring, to understand its population decline in the terrestrialized floodplains of the Kiso River, central Japan. We first validated our A. longipinnis environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling method and observed an 89.3% probability of consistency between the eDNA and the direct capture surveys of 56 floodplain waterbodies (FWBs). Subsequently, the temporal distributions with autumn dispersal (9 of 14 FWBs) were found using time-series eDNA samples collected from 14 FWBs on a floodplain with a length and width of 1.4 and 0.2 km, respectively. In the following spring, juveniles were only detected in the two FWBs connected to the river channel. Moreover, the direct capture data revealed that juveniles occurred in 52.9% (9/17) of the connected FWBs, but only in 5.1% (2/39) of the FWBs isolated from the river channel. Autumn dispersal of A. longipinnis would be disadvantageous for reproduction in terrestrialized floodplains with numerous isolated FWBs.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77606265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Doretto, P. Espa, F. Salmaso, G. Crosa, S. Quadroni
Benthic macroinvertebrates respond to several factors characterizing the physical habitats, as water depth, current and streambed substrate. Thus, anthropogenic disturbances altering these factors may have different effects on benthos, also depending on mesohabitats. These disturbances include sediment flushing operations, commonly carried out to recover reservoir capacity, and investigating their effects at mesohabitat scale could be relevant for an adequate ecological impact assessment of these operations. Here, we compared benthic macroinvertebrate communities sampled before and after a controlled sediment flushing operation in three different mesohabitats (a pool, a riffle and a step-pool) of an Alpine stream. Contrary from expectations, the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages was not significantly different among mesohabitats. Moreover, the impact of sediment flushing was more significant in terms of density rather than in richness. Two stressor-specific indices were tested, but only one (the Siltation Index for LoTic EcoSystems − SILTES) clearly detected the impact of sediment flushing on the macroinvertebrate community structure. Finally, some differences in the temporal trajectories and recovery times to pre-flushing conditions were observed among mesohabitats, both if the three mesohabitats were considered separately and if all their possible combinations were accounted for. Particularly, riffle was the most sensitive mesohabitat, not fully recovering one year after the sediment disturbance.
{"title":"Considering mesohabitat scale in ecological impact assessment of sediment flushing","authors":"A. Doretto, P. Espa, F. Salmaso, G. Crosa, S. Quadroni","doi":"10.1051/kmae/2021037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021037","url":null,"abstract":"Benthic macroinvertebrates respond to several factors characterizing the physical habitats, as water depth, current and streambed substrate. Thus, anthropogenic disturbances altering these factors may have different effects on benthos, also depending on mesohabitats. These disturbances include sediment flushing operations, commonly carried out to recover reservoir capacity, and investigating their effects at mesohabitat scale could be relevant for an adequate ecological impact assessment of these operations. Here, we compared benthic macroinvertebrate communities sampled before and after a controlled sediment flushing operation in three different mesohabitats (a pool, a riffle and a step-pool) of an Alpine stream. Contrary from expectations, the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages was not significantly different among mesohabitats. Moreover, the impact of sediment flushing was more significant in terms of density rather than in richness. Two stressor-specific indices were tested, but only one (the Siltation Index for LoTic EcoSystems − SILTES) clearly detected the impact of sediment flushing on the macroinvertebrate community structure. Finally, some differences in the temporal trajectories and recovery times to pre-flushing conditions were observed among mesohabitats, both if the three mesohabitats were considered separately and if all their possible combinations were accounted for. Particularly, riffle was the most sensitive mesohabitat, not fully recovering one year after the sediment disturbance.","PeriodicalId":54748,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79134878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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