Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments最新文献

Reservoir computing-based digital signal equalizer for equivalent-time sampling. 基于油藏计算的等效时间采样数字信号均衡器。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4345359

Ning Jing, Junpeng Zhao, Minjuan Zhang

A sampling oscilloscope is an important instrument for evaluating the quality of optical communication signals. Since its working principle is equivalent-time sampling, the data obtained for digital signals with random characteristics do not have continuity, which makes it impossible to use methods such as filtering and averaging to equalize the signal. For this reason, this paper proposes a signal equalization method based on reservoir computing. Through training of the reservoir model, an equivalent-time equalizer is established to solve the problem that the sampling oscilloscope cannot equalize random digital signals. Compared with the continuous-time equalizer, the coincidence degree exceeds 95%. The eye height and eye width are increased by 7 and 1.6, respectively, while the jitter in the eye diagram is reduced by 2.3 times, which solves the problem that the sampling oscilloscope cannot equalize random digital signals.

采样示波器是评估光通信信号质量的重要仪器。由于其工作原理是等时间采样，对于具有随机特征的数字信号所获得的数据不具有连续性，因此无法使用滤波、平均等方法来均衡信号。为此，本文提出了一种基于储层计算的信号均衡方法。通过对储层模型的训练，建立了等效时间均衡器，解决了采样示波器无法均衡随机数字信号的问题。与连续时间均衡器相比，符合度超过95%。眼高和眼宽分别提高了7倍和1.6倍，眼图抖动降低了2.3倍，解决了采样示波器无法均衡随机数字信号的问题。

引用次数: 0

Enhancement of a pyroelectric body energy harvesting scheme employing pulsed electric fields. 利用脉冲电场的热释电体能量收集方案的改进。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4340934

Buddhika Amila Kumara Sodige, Hideto Furuno, Nguyen Chi Trung Ngo, Hironari Sugiyama, Masaaki Baba, K. Niihara, T. Nakayama

This research utilizes waste heat energy as a sustainable energy source to enhance pyroelectric power output by combining pyroelectric nanogenerators with an external pulsed electric field. When the surface temperature of the pyroelectric body varies, applying different pulses of the external electric field results in maximum power accumulation. A novel power-generating experimental setup was developed to measure and compute pyroelectric power generation. A standard Fuji ceramic C-9 sample was used to generate pyroelectric energy in a 20 °C temperature range from 120 to 140 °C. The continuous temperature variation frequency was 0.05 Hz, and the pulsed electric field was applied when the temperature rose. Pulses of the electric field with widths of 10, 50, 100, and 200 ms were applied to the sample under different pulse amplitudes, and the amplitude of each pulse was 250, 500, 1000, or 1500 V/mm. The maximum power generated through the application of an external pulsed electric field under the above-mentioned conditions was evaluated. This system had the highest power density of 0.204 mJ cm-2 °C-1 kV-1. In addition, for the lowest input power, the maximum power generation condition was a 10 ms pulse width and an amplitude of 250 V mm-1 in the applied electric field. This state might power smart sensor modules, IoT devices, automobiles, and other waste heat energy applications. Nano-pulse electric field applications may reduce input power to its lowest level, dependent on net-producing power. Therefore, new researchers can use net-generation power efficiency to create a large-scale power source using multiple pyroelectric arrays.

本研究将热释电纳米发电机与外部脉冲电场相结合，利用余热作为可持续能源来提高热释电功率输出。当热释电体的表面温度发生变化时，施加不同的外电脉冲会产生最大的功率积累。为了测量和计算热释电发电，设计了一种新型的发电实验装置。使用标准的富士陶瓷C-9样品在120 ~ 140℃的20℃温度范围内产生热释电能量。连续变温频率为0.05 Hz，温度升高时施加脉冲电场。将10、50、100、200 ms的电场脉冲以不同的脉冲幅值作用于样品，每个脉冲幅值分别为250、500、1000、1500 V/mm。计算了在上述条件下外加脉冲电场产生的最大功率。该系统的最高功率密度为0.204 mJ cm-2°C-1 kV-1。此外，在输入功率最低的情况下，在外加电场中脉冲宽度为10 ms，幅值为250 V mm-1时，最大发电条件为脉冲宽度为10 ms。这种状态可能会为智能传感器模块、物联网设备、汽车和其他废热能源应用提供动力。纳米脉冲电场的应用可以将输入功率降低到最低水平，这取决于净生产功率。因此，新的研究人员可以使用净发电效率来创建使用多个热释电阵列的大规模电源。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying stakeholder priorities in use of wearable cameras for researching parent-child interactions. 确定利益相关者在使用可穿戴相机研究亲子互动方面的优先事项。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.3389/frcha.2023.1111299

Andy Skinner, Ilaria Costantini, Chris Stone, James Darios, Mike Gray, Iryna Culpin, Rebecca M Pearson

Wearable Cameras (WCs) enable researchers to capture objective descriptions of what participants see and experience as they go about their normal lives. When studying interactions between individuals (e.g. between a parent and child), using multiple WCs can provide highly detailed descriptions of interactions with levels of ecological validity not possible with other methods. However, the use of WCs brings challenges too, and understanding these is key to developing and optimising these methods. We captured the challenges experienced by a variety of stakeholders, namely parents and a range of different researcher roles (academics, field-workers and data processors) involved in a large UK study exploring parent-child interactions using low-cost, off-the-shelf WCs. High among the challenges identified were difficulties caused when subjects are temporarily not in view in the video footage captured. This and other factors identified were used as criteria to select a new, improved WC. The new WCs reduced the time faces were not in view by 75%. We report this and the other challenges identified, and suggest how these can be used to guide and help optimise future studies of this kind.

可穿戴式摄像机（WC）使研究人员能够捕捉参与者在日常生活中所见所感的客观描述。在研究人与人之间的互动（如父母与子女之间的互动）时，使用多台可穿戴式摄像机可以提供非常详细的互动描述，其生态效度是其他方法无法实现的。然而，使用 WC 也会带来挑战，了解这些挑战是开发和优化这些方法的关键。我们收集了不同利益相关者（即父母和一系列不同研究者角色（学者、现场工作人员和数据处理人员））所经历的挑战，这些利益相关者参与了英国的一项大型研究，该研究使用低成本、现成的 WCs 探索亲子互动。在所发现的挑战中，最主要的是在所拍摄的视频片段中主体暂时不在视线范围内时所造成的困难。我们将这一因素和其他已确定的因素作为选择新型改进型 WC 的标准。新型 WC 将人脸不可见的时间减少了 75%。我们报告了这一问题和其他发现的问题，并建议如何利用这些问题来指导和帮助优化未来的此类研究。

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引用次数: 0

Improving pose estimation accuracy for large hole shaft structure assembly based on super-resolution. 基于超分辨率提高大孔轴结构装配位姿估计精度。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4333769

Kuai Zhou, Xiang Huang, Shuanggao Li, Gen Li

Image resolution is crucial to visual measurement accuracy, but on the one hand, the cost of increasing the resolution of the acquisition device is prohibitive, and on the other hand, the resolution of the image inevitably decreases when photographing objects at a distance, which is particularly common in the assembly of large hole shaft structures for pose measurement. In this study, a deep learning-based method for super-resolution of large hole shaft images is proposed, including a super-resolution dataset for hole shaft images and a new deep learning super-resolution network structure, which is designed to enhance the perception of edge information in images through the core structure and improve efficiency while improving the effect of image super-resolution. A series of experiments have proven that the method is highly accurate and efficient and can be applied to the automatic assembly of large hole shaft structures.

图像分辨率对视觉测量精度至关重要，但一方面，提高采集设备分辨率的成本令人望而却步，另一方面，在远距离拍摄物体时，图像分辨率不可避免地降低，这在大孔轴结构装配进行位姿测量时尤为常见。本研究提出了一种基于深度学习的大孔井图像超分辨方法，包括一个孔井图像超分辨数据集和一种新的深度学习超分辨网络结构，旨在通过核心结构增强图像中边缘信息的感知，在提高图像超分辨效果的同时提高效率。一系列实验证明，该方法精度高、效率高，可应用于大孔井筒结构的自动装配。

引用次数: 0

Spectrum on demand light source (SOLS) for advanced photovoltaic characterization. 光谱随需光源(SOLS)用于先进的光伏表征。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.341

Miquel Casademont-Viñas, Martí Gibert-Roca, M. Campoy‐Quiles, A. Goñi

We report a multi-purpose spectrum-on-demand light source (SOLS), conceived primarily but not exclusively for the multiple and advanced characterization of photovoltaic (PV) materials and devices. The apparatus is a spectral shaper illumination device, providing a tunable and spectrally shaped light beam produced by modulating the intensity and/or wavelength range of a primary light source. SOLS stands out from the state of the art because it produces almost any spectrum on demand and delivers two types of output: a spectrally shaped and spatially homogeneous beam over its cross section for areal illumination or a spatially and spectrally split beam into its wavelength components, a unique capability suited to characterize lateral-tandem (Rainbow) solar cells. The tuneability from broadband to narrowband illumination enables two characterization devices into one, namely, a solar simulator for the determination of the power conversion efficiency and an external quantum efficiency measuring system. We expect the SOLS setup to accelerate material screening, enabling the discovery and optimization of novel multi-component materials and devices, in particular for emergent PV technologies like organic, metal halide perovskites, or multi-junction geometries, as well as novel PV applications such as indoors, building integrated, or agrivoltaics, among others.

我们报告了一种多用途的按需光谱光源(SOLS)，主要用于但不限于光伏(PV)材料和器件的多重和高级表征。该装置是一种光谱成形照明装置，提供通过调制一次光源的强度和/或波长范围产生的可调谐和光谱成形光束。SOLS从目前的技术中脱颖而出，因为它可以根据需要产生几乎任何光谱，并提供两种类型的输出:光谱形状和空间均匀的光束在其横截面上进行区域照明，或者空间和光谱分裂光束进入其波长组件，这是一种适合表征横向串联(彩虹)太阳能电池的独特能力。从宽带到窄带照明的可调谐性使两个表征装置合二为一，即用于确定功率转换效率的太阳模拟器和外部量子效率测量系统。我们希望SOLS的设置能够加速材料筛选，使新型多组分材料和器件的发现和优化成为可能，特别是对于新兴的光伏技术，如有机、金属卤化物钙钛矿或多结几何形状，以及新型光伏应用，如室内、建筑集成或农业光伏等。

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引用次数: 0

Hallucinations in the Child and Adolescent "Ultra-High Risk" population: A Systematic Review. 儿童和青少年 "超高危 "人群中的幻觉：系统回顾。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-11-04 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac068

Michelangelo Di Luzio, Maria Pontillo, Cristina Di Vincenzo, Domenica Bellantoni, Francesco Demaria, Stefano Vicari

Background and hypothesis: "Ultra-high risk" for psychosis young adults are assumed to be at higher risk of developing a psychotic spectrum disorder. Predominantly, the ultrahigh-risk population is aged 18-35 years, but it may also include younger children and adolescents. Individuals in this population experience psychosis prodromes in the form of attenuated or brief psychotic symptoms (particularly perceptual abnormalities). Albeit diagnosis is made via structured interviews, such measures fail to sufficiently assess the precise form and content of perceptual abnormalities, especially as they manifest in children and adolescents.

Study design: The present study involved a systematic review of the literature on perceptual abnormalities (particularly hallucinations) in ultrahigh-risk children and adolescents.

Results: The analysis reviewed five studies and drew conclusions about the perceptual abnormalities (ie, hallucinations) experienced by the study samples, focusing on form, content, and associations with other symptoms. Of note, 2 of the investigated studies suggested a relationship between hallucinations and experiences of childhood trauma.

Conclusions: The transition to psychosis and experiences of childhood trauma could correspond to different types of hallucinations in ultrahigh-risk children and adolescents. This knowledge could improve the identification of prodromal states in the young, ultrahigh-risk population.

背景与假设："超高危 "青年被认为罹患精神病谱系障碍的风险较高。超高危人群的主要年龄在 18-35 岁之间，但也可能包括年龄更小的儿童和青少年。这类人群的精神病前驱症状表现为减轻或短暂的精神病症状（尤其是知觉异常）。尽管诊断是通过结构化访谈进行的，但这种方法无法充分评估知觉异常的确切形式和内容，尤其是在儿童和青少年身上表现出来的知觉异常：本研究对有关超高危儿童和青少年感知异常（尤其是幻觉）的文献进行了系统回顾：分析回顾了五项研究，并就研究样本的感知异常（即幻觉）得出结论，重点关注形式、内容以及与其他症状的关联。值得注意的是，其中 2 项调查研究表明幻觉与童年创伤经历之间存在关系：结论：在超高危儿童和青少年中，向精神病的转变和童年创伤经历可能与不同类型的幻觉相对应。这些知识有助于更好地识别超高危人群的前驱状态。

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引用次数: 0

Research on a step delay method in sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS). 序列等效时间采样(ETS)中阶跃延迟方法的研究。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4060795

Haitao Li, Binkang Li, Zongjing Lv, Yanli Chen

Sequential equivalent time sampling (ETS) has been extensively used in data acquisition instruments (e.g., sampling oscilloscopes and time domain reflectometers). A novel step delay method is proposed based on the frequency difference to obtain a higher sampling rate in sequential ETS. It is different from the classic step delay methods and is capable of increasing the sampling rate. The sampling clock and the repetitive signal are taken as examples in this study. The time-frequency conversion relationship indicates that a fine step delay will be generated in the time domain if there is a frequency difference between the two in the frequency domain. The core of the proposed method is the selection of the appropriate frequency difference (step delay) according to the desired equivalent sampling rate. Two experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified using a digital storage oscilloscope. Four cases are examined in the experiment, and the final equivalent sampling rate is obtained as 5 PS/s for the equivalent sampling of a 4.999 995 GHz (or higher) signal. A data acquisition system with a 10 MS/s real-time sampling rate is designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, obtaining a theoretical equivalent sampling rate of 585 GS/s. The theoretical equivalent sampling rate and the examined equivalent sampling rate are consistent. The equivalent sampling waveform and real-time sampling waveform of a 1 GHz signal are compared, and the comparison result suggests that the proposed method can acquire more waveform information. The proposed method obtains a high equivalent sampling rate for repetitive signals, and techniques (e.g., oversampling) are given to obtain higher vertical resolution. The proposed method, combined with a sample-and-hold amplifier, can also achieve a higher analog bandwidth.

顺序等效时间采样(ETS)已广泛应用于数据采集仪器(如采样示波器和时域反射计)。提出了一种基于频差的阶跃延迟方法，以提高序贯ETS的采样率。它不同于经典的步进延迟方法，能够提高采样率。本文以采样时钟和重复信号为例进行了研究。时频转换关系表明，如果两者在频域中存在频率差，则会在时域内产生较细的阶跃延迟。该方法的核心是根据期望的等效采样率选择适当的频差(步长延迟)。通过两个实验验证了所提出的方法。用数字存储示波器验证了该方法的可行性。实验分析了四种情况，得到了4.999 995 GHz(或更高)信号的最终等效采样率为5 PS/s。设计了实时采样率为10 MS/s的数据采集系统，验证了该方法的可行性，获得了585 GS/s的理论等效采样率。理论等效采样率与实测等效采样率是一致的。将1 GHz信号的等效采样波形与实时采样波形进行了比较，结果表明该方法可以获取更多的波形信息。该方法对重复信号获得较高的等效采样率，并给出了一些技术(如过采样)来获得更高的垂直分辨率。该方法与采样保持放大器相结合，也可以实现更高的模拟带宽。

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引用次数: 0

Learning A Simulation-based Visual Policy for Real-world Peg In Unseen Holes 学习一种基于仿真的视觉策略，用于现实世界中看不见的洞

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2205.04297

Liangru Xie, Hongxiang Yu, Kechun Xu, Tong Yang, Minhang Wang, Haojian Lu, R. Xiong, Yue Wang

This paper proposes a learning-based visual peg-in-hole that enables training with several shapes in simulation and adapting to arbitrary unseen shapes in the real world with minimal sim-to-real cost. The core idea is to decouple the generalization of the sensory-motor policy from the design of a fast-adaptable perception module and a simulated generic policy module. The framework consists of a segmentation network (SN), a virtual sensor network (VSN), and a controller network (CN). Concretely, the VSN is trained to measure the pose of the unseen shape from a segmented image. After that, given the shape-agnostic pose measurement, the CN is trained to achieve a generic peg-in-hole. Finally, when applying to real unseen holes, we only have to fine-tune the SN required by the simulated VSN + CN. To further minimize the transfer cost, we propose to automatically collect and annotate the data for the SN after one-minute human teaching. Simulated and real-world results are presented under the configuration of eye-to/in-hand. An electric vehicle charging system with the proposed policy inside achieves a 10/10 success rate in 2-3 s, using only hundreds of auto-labeled samples for the SN transfer.

本文提出了一种基于学习的视觉钉孔算法，该算法能够在模拟中对多个形状进行训练，并以最小的模拟对真实代价适应现实世界中任意看不见的形状。核心思想是将感觉-运动策略的泛化与快速适应感知模块和模拟通用策略模块的设计解耦。该框架由分段网络(SN)、虚拟传感器网络(VSN)和控制器网络(CN)组成。具体来说，训练VSN来测量分割图像中未见形状的姿态。之后，给定形状无关的姿态测量，CN被训练以实现通用的钉入孔。最后，当应用于真实的看不见的洞时，我们只需要微调模拟VSN + CN所需的SN。为了进一步降低转移成本，我们建议在人工教学一分钟后自动收集和标注SN的数据。在眼对手的配置下给出了模拟和实际结果。采用该策略的电动汽车充电系统在2-3秒内实现了10/10的成功率，仅使用数百个自动标记的样品进行SN转移。

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引用次数: 0

Large-scale and high-depth three dimensional scanning measurement system and algorithm optimization. 大规模高深度三维扫描测量系统及算法优化。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085229

Fan Zhang, ZhenYang Li, Liansheng Zhang, R. Cheng, Qiangxian Huang, Ruijun Li, Chao-qun Wang

Tapping scanning mode is an important method for measuring surface topography at the nanometer scale. It is widely used because it can eliminate lateral force and reduce damage to the tested sample. Research on three dimensional (3D) scanning technology with a large range and high depth-to-width ratio has important practical significance and engineering application value because the current scanning probe microscope has the limitations of small measurement ranges and weak Z-direction measurement ability. The high-frequency resonance of the quartz tuning fork, combined with the tungsten stylus, is used in this paper. It has the ability to measure the surface profile of the microdevice with a large aspect ratio. The proposed 3D scanning measurement system has realized a microstructure measurement with a depth of ∼58 µm. The entire measuring range is 400 × 400 × 400 µm3, and the vertical resolution reaches 0.28 nm. The system can accurately obtain the 3D surface topography of the microfluidic biochip. In addition, a sliding window algorithm (SWA) based on errors in the scanning process and low scanning efficiency is proposed. Compared with the point-by-line scanning algorithm, the proposed SWA reduces the mean value of the squared residuals of the 3D profile by 7.70%, thereby verifying the feasibility of the algorithm. The 3D scanning measurement system and the algorithm in the tap mode provide an important reference for the 3D topography measurement of microstructures with large aspect ratios.

轻拍扫描是纳米尺度表面形貌测量的一种重要方法。它可以消除侧向力，减少对被测样品的损伤，因此被广泛使用。目前的扫描探针显微镜存在测量范围小、z向测量能力弱的局限性，研究大范围、高深宽比的三维扫描技术具有重要的实际意义和工程应用价值。本文利用石英音叉的高频共振，结合钨丝触针。它具有测量大长宽比微器件表面轮廓的能力。所提出的三维扫描测量系统实现了深度为~ 58µm的微观结构测量。整个测量范围为400 × 400 × 400µm3，垂直分辨率达到0.28 nm。该系统能够准确获取微流控生物芯片的三维表面形貌。此外，提出了一种基于扫描过程误差和低扫描效率的滑动窗口算法。与逐点扫描算法相比，所提出的SWA算法将三维轮廓残差平方均值降低了7.70%，从而验证了算法的可行性。该三维扫描测量系统和丝锥模式下的算法为大纵横比微结构的三维形貌测量提供了重要的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Tellurium spectrometer for 1S0-1P1 transitions in strontium and other alkaline-earth atoms. 用于锶和其他碱土原子中s1 - 1p1跃迁的碲谱仪。

Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084122

T. G. Akin, Bryan Hemingway, Steven Eric Peil

We measure the spectrum of tellurium-130 in the vicinity of the 461 nm S01-P11 cycling transition in neutral strontium, a popular element for atomic clocks, quantum information, and quantum-degenerate gases. The lack of hyperfine structure in tellurium results in a spectral density of transitions nearly 50 times lower than that available in iodine, making use of tellurium as a laser-frequency reference challenging. By frequency-offset locking two lasers, we generate the large frequency shifts required to span the difference between a tellurium line and the S01-P11 resonance in strontium or other alkaline-earth atoms. The resulting laser architecture is long-term frequency stable, widely tunable, and optimizes the available laser power. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by using it to quickly switch between any strontium isotope in a magneto-optical trap and by adapting it to spectroscopy on a thermal beam with a different alkaline-earth atom.

我们在中性锶中测量了碲-130在461 nm S01-P11循环跃迁附近的光谱，中性锶是原子钟、量子信息和量子简并气体的常用元素。碲缺乏超精细结构，导致其跃迁光谱密度比碘低近50倍，这使得利用碲作为激光频率参考具有挑战性。通过频率偏置锁定两个激光器，我们产生了跨越碲线和锶或其他碱土原子的S01-P11共振之间差异所需的大频率位移。由此产生的激光结构是长期的频率稳定，广泛可调，并优化了可用的激光功率。通过使用该系统在磁光阱中的任何锶同位素之间快速切换，以及通过使其适应具有不同碱土原子的热光束上的光谱，证明了该系统的多功能性。

引用次数: 0