Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A4
I. J. Breytenbach, H. Fourie
DR IZAK BREYTENBACH (Pr Sci Nat) obtained his PhD in engineering geology at the University of Pretoria in 2016 and is a registered professional natural scientist. He works as an engineering geological and geotechnical consultant in multiple fields. He has extensive experience in identifying and investigating potential new hard rock aggregate sources, or investigating existing material sources, specifically for the supply of road construction aggregate.
{"title":"The variability in commercial laboratory aggregate testing for road construction in South Africa","authors":"I. J. Breytenbach, H. Fourie","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A4","url":null,"abstract":"DR IZAK BREYTENBACH (Pr Sci Nat) obtained his PhD in engineering geology at the University of Pretoria in 2016 and is a registered professional natural scientist. He works as an engineering geological and geotechnical consultant in multiple fields. He has extensive experience in identifying and investigating potential new hard rock aggregate sources, or investigating existing material sources, specifically for the supply of road construction aggregate.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67482951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a2
M. Bruwer
ABSTRACT Transport practitioners need a universally applicable speed prediction model to estimate average speeds on any road. Average annual speed is a key input to the economic assessment of transport infrastructure where reliable estimates of future average speeds are necessary to calculate economic costs and benefits. The relationship between Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and average annual speed was investigated on higher-order roads across South Africa, revealing a high level of variability in this correlation at different locations. This variation is influenced by road characteristics, such as alignment and cross-section, complicating the formulation of a universal speed prediction model. Two novel speed prediction models are proposed in this article that use AADT to forecast future average annual speed. The speeds of heavy vehicles and light vehicles can be estimated separately, as well as the average speed of all vehicles simultaneously. Both models are self-calibrating, accounting for the variation in the AADT-speed relationship. This calibration step is unique to speed prediction models and increases the reliability of these models to estimate future average speeds considerably. Furthermore, self-calibrating average annual speed prediction models are universally applicable and will simplify economic assessment of transport infrastructure. Keywords: speed prediction, average annual speed, self-calibration, AADT, economic assessment
{"title":"A self-calibrating model to estimate average speed from AADT","authors":"M. Bruwer","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Transport practitioners need a universally applicable speed prediction model to estimate average speeds on any road. Average annual speed is a key input to the economic assessment of transport infrastructure where reliable estimates of future average speeds are necessary to calculate economic costs and benefits. The relationship between Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and average annual speed was investigated on higher-order roads across South Africa, revealing a high level of variability in this correlation at different locations. This variation is influenced by road characteristics, such as alignment and cross-section, complicating the formulation of a universal speed prediction model. Two novel speed prediction models are proposed in this article that use AADT to forecast future average annual speed. The speeds of heavy vehicles and light vehicles can be estimated separately, as well as the average speed of all vehicles simultaneously. Both models are self-calibrating, accounting for the variation in the AADT-speed relationship. This calibration step is unique to speed prediction models and increases the reliability of these models to estimate future average speeds considerably. Furthermore, self-calibrating average annual speed prediction models are universally applicable and will simplify economic assessment of transport infrastructure. Keywords: speed prediction, average annual speed, self-calibration, AADT, economic assessment","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A5
W. I. D. Villiers, G. V. Zijl, W. Boshoff
DR WIBKE DE VILLIERS is a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University, where she obtained her BEng (2006), MSc Eng (2008) and PhD (2019), the latter in the development of performance-based specifications for alternative masonry units. As part of the Unit of Construction Materials, her research interests lie in alternative and sustainable construction materials, and their structural and thermal performance. She has supervised a number of postgraduate students and authored or co-authored several publications over the past nine years. Prior to this, she spent two years at Aurecon as a structural design engineer.
WIBKE DE VILLIERS博士是Stellenbosch大学的高级讲师，在那里她获得了学士学位(2006年)，理学硕士(2008年)和博士学位(2019年)，后者是基于性能的替代砌体单元规范的开发。作为建筑材料单元的一部分，她的研究兴趣在于替代和可持续建筑材料，以及它们的结构和热性能。在过去的九年中，她指导了许多研究生，并撰写或合作撰写了多篇论文。在此之前，她在Aurecon工作了两年，担任结构设计工程师。
{"title":"Review of compatibility between SANS 10400 deemed-to-satisfy masonry wall provisions and loading code","authors":"W. I. D. Villiers, G. V. Zijl, W. Boshoff","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A5","url":null,"abstract":"DR WIBKE DE VILLIERS is a senior lecturer at Stellenbosch University, where she obtained her BEng (2006), MSc Eng (2008) and PhD (2019), the latter in the development of performance-based specifications for alternative masonry units. As part of the Unit of Construction Materials, her research interests lie in alternative and sustainable construction materials, and their structural and thermal performance. She has supervised a number of postgraduate students and authored or co-authored several publications over the past nine years. Prior to this, she spent two years at Aurecon as a structural design engineer.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A3
R. Lenner, S. E. Basson, M. Sýkora, P. Sýkora
PROF ROMAN LENNER (PE) is an Associate Professor at Stellenbosch University in the Department of Civil Engineering. His main research interests include structural reliability, bridge loading, target reliability and assessment of existing structures. He is a member of the Joint Committee on Structural Safety, serves as Chair of the IABSE South Africa National Group, is a member of the Editorial Board of Structural Engineering International, and is a member of the IABSE TG1.3‐working group.
{"title":"Reliability performance of bridges designed according to TMH7 NA load model","authors":"R. Lenner, S. E. Basson, M. Sýkora, P. Sýkora","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A3","url":null,"abstract":"PROF ROMAN LENNER (PE) is an Associate Professor at Stellenbosch University in the Department of Civil Engineering. His main research interests include structural reliability, bridge loading, target reliability and assessment of existing structures. He is a member of the Joint Committee on Structural Safety, serves as Chair of the IABSE South Africa National Group, is a member of the Editorial Board of Structural Engineering International, and is a member of the IABSE TG1.3‐working group.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67482937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a1
S. Mamane, A. Abimbade, A. Ilemobade
ABSTRACT Increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness have given rise to the use of treated wastewater as an additional source of water supply. However, the amount of wastewater that can be reclaimed for reuse is subject to many factors, ranging from technical to socio-economic, environmental and institutional. This paper presents two prediction models for wastewater reuse potential in South Africa. The proposed models, namely a Bayesian Network model and a Linear Regression model, were used as a platform for integrated analysis of features such as water use, and socio-demographic and environmental factors. A dataset from the sub-regions of the 19 water management areas in South Africa was employed as input into the models in order to analyse these features and to consequently predict water reuse potential. Keywords: water reuse, wastewater recycling, Bayesian network, linear regression
{"title":"Prediction of water reuse potential in South African water management areas: A linear regression and Bayesian network approach","authors":"S. Mamane, A. Abimbade, A. Ilemobade","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increasing scarcity of freshwater resources and growing environmental awareness have given rise to the use of treated wastewater as an additional source of water supply. However, the amount of wastewater that can be reclaimed for reuse is subject to many factors, ranging from technical to socio-economic, environmental and institutional. This paper presents two prediction models for wastewater reuse potential in South Africa. The proposed models, namely a Bayesian Network model and a Linear Regression model, were used as a platform for integrated analysis of features such as water use, and socio-demographic and environmental factors. A dataset from the sub-regions of the 19 water management areas in South Africa was employed as input into the models in order to analyse these features and to consequently predict water reuse potential. Keywords: water reuse, wastewater recycling, Bayesian network, linear regression","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A1
M. Holicky, J. Retief, C. Viljoen
PROF DR MILAN HOLICKÝ obtained his Civil Engineering degree at the Czech Technical University in Prague, his PhD at Waterloo, Canada, and his DrSc (h.c.) from the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. He is currently employed at the Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, and is an Extraordinary Professor at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He is involved in the research of structural reliability and risk assessment. He has written or co-authored more than 300 scientific and technical publications, textbooks and five monographs, and is actively participating in international research within CIB, JCSS ISO, CEN TC250 Structural Eurocodes, and is project leader on the assessment of existing structures.
{"title":"Reliability basis for assessment of existing building structures with reference to sans 10160","authors":"M. Holicky, J. Retief, C. Viljoen","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A1","url":null,"abstract":"PROF DR MILAN HOLICKÝ obtained his Civil Engineering degree at the Czech Technical University in Prague, his PhD at Waterloo, Canada, and his DrSc (h.c.) from the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. He is currently employed at the Klokner Institute, Czech Technical University in Prague, and is an Extraordinary Professor at Stellenbosch University, South Africa. He is involved in the research of structural reliability and risk assessment. He has written or co-authored more than 300 scientific and technical publications, textbooks and five monographs, and is actively participating in international research within CIB, JCSS ISO, CEN TC250 Structural Eurocodes, and is project leader on the assessment of existing structures.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67482822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a4
A. J. Moore, A. T. Bakera, M. Alexander
ABSTRACT The Durability Index (DI) approach used in South Africa is linked to transport-related properties of the cover layer of concrete. This performance-based approach utilises three different durability-related parameters, namely Water Sorptivity Index (WSI), Oxygen Permeability Index (OPI) and Chloride Conductivity Index (CCI). In the water sorptivity test, both the sorptivity and the water-penetrable porosity of the concrete are measured. Until now, porosity has not been considered directly as a separate durability-related parameter. This paper analyses these implications and suggests that porosity should be adopted as a further index. The paper concludes that sorptivity cannot be interpreted without also reflecting the porosity value since these two parameters are inter-related. Keywords: concrete durability, durability index, water sorptivity, porosity, absorption
{"title":"A critical review of the Water Sorptivity Index (WSI) parameter for potential durability assessment: Can WSI be considered in isolation of porosity?","authors":"A. J. Moore, A. T. Bakera, M. Alexander","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n2a4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Durability Index (DI) approach used in South Africa is linked to transport-related properties of the cover layer of concrete. This performance-based approach utilises three different durability-related parameters, namely Water Sorptivity Index (WSI), Oxygen Permeability Index (OPI) and Chloride Conductivity Index (CCI). In the water sorptivity test, both the sorptivity and the water-penetrable porosity of the concrete are measured. Until now, porosity has not been considered directly as a separate durability-related parameter. This paper analyses these implications and suggests that porosity should be adopted as a further index. The paper concludes that sorptivity cannot be interpreted without also reflecting the porosity value since these two parameters are inter-related. Keywords: concrete durability, durability index, water sorptivity, porosity, absorption","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A2
A. Broekman, P. Grabe
ANDRÉ BROEKMAN is full-time PhD student and researcher in the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. In 2018 he obtained his MEng degree in Transportation Engineering (cum laude) under supervision of Prof Hannes Gräbe, having graduated with a BEng Hons Transportation degree (cum laude) in 2017 and a BEng Civil Engineering degree (cum laude) in 2016 at the University of Pretoria. He is also responsible for lecturing undergraduate students in the field of instrumentation design and assists with the development of new instrumentation hardware, software and communications technologies (Civiltronics) for undergraduate and post-graduate research projects.
ANDRÉ BROEKMAN是南非比勒陀利亚大学土木工程系的全职博士生和研究员。2018年，他在Hannes教授Gräbe的指导下获得交通运输工程学士学位(以优异成绩)，并于2017年毕业于比勒陀利亚大学，获得交通运输学士学位(以优异成绩)，2016年获得土木工程学士学位(以优异成绩)。他还负责讲授仪器设计领域的本科生，并协助开发新的仪器硬件，软件和通信技术(Civiltronics)，用于本科生和研究生的研究项目。
{"title":"Measurement of probabilistic ballast particle dynamics using Kli-Pi","authors":"A. Broekman, P. Grabe","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A2","url":null,"abstract":"ANDRÉ BROEKMAN is full-time PhD student and researcher in the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. In 2018 he obtained his MEng degree in Transportation Engineering (cum laude) under supervision of Prof Hannes Gräbe, having graduated with a BEng Hons Transportation degree (cum laude) in 2017 and a BEng Civil Engineering degree (cum laude) in 2016 at the University of Pretoria. He is also responsible for lecturing undergraduate students in the field of instrumentation design and assists with the development of new instrumentation hardware, software and communications technologies (Civiltronics) for undergraduate and post-graduate research projects.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67482928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A6
C. O. Ataguba, I. Brink
ENGINEER CLEMENT OGUCHE ATAGUBA is a lecturer at the Federal Polytechnic, Idah, in Nigeria, where he teaches civil and water resources engineering courses at both National and Higher National Diploma levels. His research interests are in water quality/treatment, municipal waste management, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and the application of computer technology in water resources and sanitation facilities management. He is currently a PhD student at Stellenbosch University.
{"title":"Design and construction of laboratory-scale activated carbon, gravel and rice husk filter columns for the treatment of stormwater runoff from automobile workshops","authors":"C. O. Ataguba, I. Brink","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2021/V63N1A6","url":null,"abstract":"ENGINEER CLEMENT OGUCHE ATAGUBA is a lecturer at the Federal Polytechnic, Idah, in Nigeria, where he teaches civil and water resources engineering courses at both National and Higher National Diploma levels. His research interests are in water quality/treatment, municipal waste management, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and the application of computer technology in water resources and sanitation facilities management. He is currently a PhD student at Stellenbosch University.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67483025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2020/v62n3a2
T. George, J. Anochie-Boateng, K. Jenkins
DR JOSEPH ANOCHIE-BOATENG, who holds a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 2008. He pioneered and leads the investigation into the potential utilisation of crushed glass as a substitute for natural aggregate in asphalt mixes in South Africa. He also led the development of various manuals, guidelines and test protocols to support the pavement and asphalt industries in South Africa and Tanzania. Through his research work he developed research topics for postgraduate students from the University of Pretoria, Tshwane University of Technology and University of Stellenbosch. He works closely with the South African Road Federation (SARF) on an asphalt mix design course to develop the necessary skills for southern Africa.
JOSEPH ANOCHIE-BOATENG博士拥有美国伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校土木工程博士学位，于2008年加入科学与工业研究委员会（CSIR）。他率先并领导了对南非沥青混合料中碎玻璃作为天然骨料替代品的潜在用途的调查。他还领导开发了各种手册、指南和测试协议，以支持南非和坦桑尼亚的路面和沥青行业。通过他的研究工作，他为比勒陀利亚大学、茨瓦内理工大学和斯特伦博斯大学的研究生开发了研究课题。他与南非道路联合会（SARF）密切合作，开设沥青混合料设计课程，为南部非洲发展必要的技能。
{"title":"Laboratory performance and modelling behaviour of hot-mix asphalt with recycled crushed glass","authors":"T. George, J. Anochie-Boateng, K. Jenkins","doi":"10.17159/2309-8775/2020/v62n3a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2020/v62n3a2","url":null,"abstract":"DR JOSEPH ANOCHIE-BOATENG, who holds a PhD in Civil Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, joined the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in 2008. He pioneered and leads the investigation into the potential utilisation of crushed glass as a substitute for natural aggregate in asphalt mixes in South Africa. He also led the development of various manuals, guidelines and test protocols to support the pavement and asphalt industries in South Africa and Tanzania. Through his research work he developed research topics for postgraduate students from the University of Pretoria, Tshwane University of Technology and University of Stellenbosch. He works closely with the South African Road Federation (SARF) on an asphalt mix design course to develop the necessary skills for southern Africa.","PeriodicalId":54762,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43259721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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