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FATAL INTRACRANIAL VENOUS HÆMATOMA FOLLOWING VENTRICULAR DRAINAGE. 心室引流后致死性颅内静脉hÆmatoma。
Pub Date : 1942-07-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.3-4.142
J Schorstein
A FATAL complication occurring in the course of a routine procedure must needs be placed on record, and although the title of the present communication contains the gist of the story, the full records of the incidents supply a theoretical interest which equals their practical importance. The three case histories which follow are concerned with the development of clots, extradural in two, intradural and intracerebral in one case, and rapidly fatal in all three. The clots might have been dealt with successfully had they been recognized in time in the second and third instances. It is evident that the speed of production of the clot is of no little importance, and it may well be that once the possibility of the condition is better recognized, successfully treated cases may in the future be placed upon record.
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引用次数: 24
AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE DETERMINATION OF COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF INSULIN AND CONVULSION THERAPY. 一种确定胰岛素和惊厥治疗比较效率的实验方法。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.10
H A Palmer
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引用次数: 2
THE ACTION OF ADRENALIN IN NEUROTICS. 肾上腺素在神经病中的作用
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.14
A S Thorley
SINCE Cannon (1915) demonstrated that emotional stress is associated with an increased and prolonged secretion of adrenalin, attention has been directed to the relationship of the effects of adrenalin and the symptoms of anxiety. Maranon (1924), giving subcutaneous injections of the drug, observed effects varying from a vague apprehension to severe emotional disturbance and concluded that an exaggerated response is shown by anxiety neurotics. He demonstrated that emotion is not directly determined by the physical phenomena and that intense physical reaction can occur without emotional response. The emotion may not necessarily be that of fear, and a case experiencing great joy was described. Richter (1940) suggested that the emotional response may be due to the physical effects of the injection and claimed to have eliminated this by the introduction of adrenalin electrically through the skin. By this method he confirmed Maranon's findings, agreed that emotions other than fear may occur, and described an asthmatic who experienced a sensation of confidence after injection. He concluded that conaesthetic impulses arising from visceral disturbances excite an emotionally charged cortical pattern so that each tends to increase the degree of excitation of the other. Lindemann and Finesinger (1938) injected mecholyl and adrenalin intramuscularly into a group of neurotics. They objected to the intravenous route on the grounds of the rapid rise and fall of blood pressure which occurs and preferred the slower intramuscular route as it gave time for more prolonged observation. They found four groups: (1) specific response to adrenalin, (2) specific response to mecholyl, (3) reaction to both drugs, (4) no response to either. In the adrenalin-sensitive group the anxiety attacks were found to be unrelated to specific situations or mental content and were thought to coincide with Freud's " actual neurosis." The mecholyl-sensitive group were those with definite phobias and fears. The mixed group had a history of autonomic instability and hypochondriasis and the last group indicated more profound personality disorders. The writers recorded that in the adrenalin attack there is a surrender to anxiety, associated with diminished speech production, while in the mecholyl attack there is an active attitude directed to the environment, with increased speech production, associated with phobic states. 14 coright.
{"title":"THE ACTION OF ADRENALIN IN NEUROTICS.","authors":"A S Thorley","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.14","url":null,"abstract":"SINCE Cannon (1915) demonstrated that emotional stress is associated with an increased and prolonged secretion of adrenalin, attention has been directed to the relationship of the effects of adrenalin and the symptoms of anxiety. Maranon (1924), giving subcutaneous injections of the drug, observed effects varying from a vague apprehension to severe emotional disturbance and concluded that an exaggerated response is shown by anxiety neurotics. He demonstrated that emotion is not directly determined by the physical phenomena and that intense physical reaction can occur without emotional response. The emotion may not necessarily be that of fear, and a case experiencing great joy was described. Richter (1940) suggested that the emotional response may be due to the physical effects of the injection and claimed to have eliminated this by the introduction of adrenalin electrically through the skin. By this method he confirmed Maranon's findings, agreed that emotions other than fear may occur, and described an asthmatic who experienced a sensation of confidence after injection. He concluded that conaesthetic impulses arising from visceral disturbances excite an emotionally charged cortical pattern so that each tends to increase the degree of excitation of the other. Lindemann and Finesinger (1938) injected mecholyl and adrenalin intramuscularly into a group of neurotics. They objected to the intravenous route on the grounds of the rapid rise and fall of blood pressure which occurs and preferred the slower intramuscular route as it gave time for more prolonged observation. They found four groups: (1) specific response to adrenalin, (2) specific response to mecholyl, (3) reaction to both drugs, (4) no response to either. In the adrenalin-sensitive group the anxiety attacks were found to be unrelated to specific situations or mental content and were thought to coincide with Freud's \" actual neurosis.\" The mecholyl-sensitive group were those with definite phobias and fears. The mixed group had a history of autonomic instability and hypochondriasis and the last group indicated more profound personality disorders. The writers recorded that in the adrenalin attack there is a surrender to anxiety, associated with diminished speech production, while in the mecholyl attack there is an active attitude directed to the environment, with increased speech production, associated with phobic states. 14 coright.","PeriodicalId":54783,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"5 1-2","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1942-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40109729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
LISSAUER'S DEMENTIA PARALYTICA: CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF ITS DIAGNOSIS AND PATHOGENESIS. 利索氏麻痹性痴呆:对其诊断和发病机制研究的贡献。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.22
A J Galbraith, A Meyer
Introduction CASES of general paralysis of the insane in which " focal " symptoms are a prominent feature, and which show circumscribed atrophy of parts of one or both cerebral hemispheres, have been grouped under the heading of Lissauer's Dementia Paralytica. Lissauer and Storch published their paper in 1901, but in Alzheimer's (1904) famous monograph there is mention of a number of cases of this condition which had been recorded prior to this. Since then further cases have been described. In 1932 Merritt and Springlova reviewed 35 cases previously published in the literature, and added eight cases which they had personally studied. In 1936 Ogino reported on three cases, and a year later Malamud's (1937) paper contained a description of four further cases. The latest studies on this subject by Dalke (1938) and Divry (1940) are unfortunately not available for comment in this paper. The definition of the clinical syndrome and the description of the pathological findings, in cases of Lissauer's Dementia Paralytica, given by Merritt and Springlova, represents the generally accepted view on the condition up to the present time. These authors came to the conclusion " that Lissauer's Dementia Paralytica should be suspected in every case of general paralysis with apoplectiform or unilateral convulsions, especially when these are followed by localizing signs, e.g. hemiplegia, aphasia, hemianopia, etc." The cardinal pathological feature, as previously indicated, is the presence of one or more areas of macroscopically apparent local atrophy, which are, with few exceptions, e.g. cases of Buder (1903) and Bielschowsky (1920) situated in the so-called " posterior " parts of the cortex. Indeed Alzheimer had already referred to the Lissauer type as general paralysis of the posterior cerebral cortex. Merritt and Springlova, and later Ogino, have regarded the distribution of the atrophic areas in most cases as being intimately related to that of the middle cerebral artery. The histological picture in the regions of the cortex which are not markedly atrophic is one of the usual G.P.I. process, often comparatively mild. On the other hand, the areas of local atrophy 22 coright.
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引用次数: 6
CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD AND THE OCCURRENCE OF URÆMIA FOLLOWING HEAD INJURY. 血液中的化学变化和脑损伤后urÆmia的发生。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.40
J N Cumings
URAEMIA as a complication of crush injuries of the limbs is now well known and the histology of the renal lesion has been well described by Bywaters and Dible (1942). The occurrence of uremia as a complication of head injuries without damage to any other part of the body has not been recognized. This paper describes firstly the results of an investigation begun in 1940 into alterations of various chemical constituents of the blood in patients with head injury only, but in whom no estimate of renal function was made, and secondly the results of renal function tests in 13 patients together with the findings in four cases of uraemia following head injury.
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引用次数: 1
THE TREATMENT OF BRAIN ABSCESS. 脑脓肿的治疗。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.1
D W Northfield
THIS review of a personal experience of the management of cases of brain abscess during the last five years is based upon 31 cases. Although 17 died, there has been a steady improvement in results, due in part to an increasing experience, and to a more mature judgment, for in no other branch of neurosurgery is an unremitting personal attention to details more essential for success. Much of the improvement, however, is due to a complete change in the fundamental method of treatment, namely, from drainage to the closed method of Clovis Vincent. In 1936 there were two cases: the abscess was drained in each, and both died. In 1927 all of four cases were treated by drainage and only one lived. There were seven cases in 1938: in four, the abscess was drained and three of these died; in the other three the abscess was aspirated and in one of these a decompression was also performed-all of these three cases recovered. During that year I was impressed by the value of aspiration and I decided to employ it more frequently. Drainage was practically abandoned, for during the remaining period under review it was used in only two cases; one of these died, and in the other aspiration and a subtemporal decompression preceded drainage and the patient recovered. In 1939 there were nine cases, treated by various closed methods and by drainage in one case, and four lived. Four out of five cases recovered in 1940, and in 1941 two of four cases have lived. In the following analysis are set out the various procedures and their results:
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引用次数: 12
ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PSYCHOPATHIC PERSONALITIES. 精神病人格的脑电图研究。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.47
D Hill, D Watterson
AN abnormal personality is one which deviates from its appropriate personality norm. Psychopathic personalities constitute a sub-group of abnormalpersonalities. Schneider (quoted by Kahn, 1931) has defined psychopathic personalities as those abnormal personalities who suffer from their abnormality or from whose abnormality society suffers. This definition points to a cleavage within the group which is apparent in many classifications, and which is the basis of the division into the bipolar types, inadequate and aggressive, adopted in this paper. A certain amplification is necessary. Psychopathic personalities do not include certifiable mental defectives, psychotics, neurotics, or those whose behaviour disorder is due to demonstrable physical disease. Henderson (1939) classifies psychopaths into three broad groups, predominantly aggressive, inadequate, and creative. The aggressive group is subdivided into those who injure others, those who attempt self-injury, alcoholic and drug addicts, the epileptoid, and the sex variants. The inadequate group embraces a wide variety of types which have in common ineffectual behaviour. The creative group was formulated to bring together the brilliant but unstable eccentrics. In this paper Henderson's classification is adopted with three modifications. The group of creative psychopaths is not used, as no clinical material of this kind has been investigated. The aggressives have not been subdivided into smaller groups. The sexual perverts have been divided between the aggressive and inadequate groups, but have also been brought together separately for comparison. This simplified method of classification is used, first because this investigation is largely concerned with the aggressive component of behaviour, second because of lack of time for making elaborate and detailed personality studies. In the Predominantly Aggressive group have been included those psychopathic personalities with a history of either determined suicidal attempts, violence to others regardless of the consequences, repeated destruction of property, or combinations of such kinds of aggressive and impulsive behaviour. These are the patients who describe from early years uncontrollable outbursts of temper, which have almost invariably got them into trouble, either with their * Read before the Psychiatric Section of the Royal Society of Medicine, March 11, 1942. 47 by coright.
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引用次数: 152
EPITOME OF CURRENT JOURNALS 当前期刊的缩影
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.66
The Military Psychiatrist at Work. W. C. Porter. 317. The Clinical Differentiation of Senile and Arteriosclerotic Psychoses. D. Rothschild. 324. Narcolepsy. W. F. Murphy. 334. Encephalopathia Alcoholica. N. Joliffe and H. Wortis. 340. The Incidence and Significance of Alcoholism in the History of Criminals. M. G. Gray and M. Moore. 347. Brain Metabolism, VIII. The Effects of Electric Shock and Some Newer Drugs. S. B. Wortis, D. Shaskan, D. Impastato, and R. Almansi. 354. Progniostic Criteria in Schizophrenia. L. S. Chase and S. Silverman. 360. Insulin Convulsions. A Method of Prevention. J. ll. Frostig, C. R. Bennett, J. Schreiber, and G. F. Thiomas. 369. Encephalography in Schizophrenia. K. H. Finley and C. M. Campbell. 374. Follow-Up Results in Insulin Shock Therapy after Oise to Three Years. T. D. Rivers and E. D. Bond. 382. Electroencephalographic Studies of Corticohypothalamic Relations in Schizophrenia. R. B. Grinker and H. M. Serola. 385. The Vitamin B, Requirement during Insulin Shock Therapy. W. Goldfarb and K. M. Bowman. 393. The Treatment of Childhood Schizophrenia by
工作中的军事精神病学家。W·C·波特。老年人和动脉硬化性精神病的临床鉴别。D.罗斯柴尔德。324.嗜睡症。W.F.Murphy。酒精性脑病。N.Joliffe和H.Wortis。340.酗酒在罪犯历史上的发生率和意义。格雷和摩尔。脑代谢,VIII。电击和一些新药物的作用。S.B.Wortis、D.Shaskan、D.Impasto和R.Almansi。精神分裂症的进展标准。L.S.Chase和S.Silverman。胰岛素惊厥。一种预防方法。J.ll。Frostig、C.R.Bennett、J.Schreiber和G.F.Thiomas。精神分裂症的脑电图。K.H.Finley和C.M.Campbell。Oise至三年后胰岛素休克治疗的随访结果。T.D.里弗斯和E.D.邦德。精神分裂症患者皮层-下丘脑关系的脑电图研究。R.B.Grinker和H.M.Serola。胰岛素休克治疗期间所需的维生素B。W.Goldfarb和K.M.Bowman。393.儿童精神分裂症的治疗
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引用次数: 0
ACUTE PULMONARY ŒDEMA WITH HYPOGLYCÆMIC COMA: AN EXAMPLE OF ACUTE PULMONARY OEDEMA OF NERVOUS ORIGIN. 急性肺水肿Œdema伴hypoglycÆmic昏迷:一例神经源性急性肺水肿。
Pub Date : 1942-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.5.1-2.37
F P Weber, K Blum
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引用次数: 6
THE LOCAL EXTENSION OF NERVE FIBRES INTO DENERVATED AREAS OF SKIN. 神经纤维局部延伸到皮肤无神经支配的区域。
Pub Date : 1941-07-01 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.4.3-4.206
G Weddell, L Guttmann, E Gutmann
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引用次数: 130
期刊
Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry
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