Journal of Great Lakes Research最新文献_第2页

A reservoir-based approach of the SWAT hydrological model in the Napanee River and Wilton Creek agricultural watersheds, Bay of Quinte 基于水库的 SWAT 水文模型在昆特湾纳帕尼河和威尔顿河农业流域的应用

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102404

Aisha Javed, Alex Neumann, Haibin Cai, Carlos Alberto Arnillas, George B. Arhonditsis

In this study, we employ the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), to simulate the hydrological cycle in the Napanee River and Wilton Creek watersheds located in the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern. The geomorphological attributes of the two sites presented challenges in successfully reproducing the observed streamflow with a conceptual model, like SWAT. After adjusting the model inputs and revising the boundary conditions, SWAT performance for the Napanee River model was found to be “very good” within both calibration (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, NSE, =0.83 and NSE = 0.87 for the daily and monthly streamflow rates, respectively) and validation (NSE = 0.87 and NSE = 0.91) domains. In contrast, despite the small size of Wilton Creek (∼233 km²) and the lack of permanent or human-regulated dams, the observed streamflow patterns displayed considerably delayed response to extreme precipitation events which posed challenges in achieving satisfactory model performance. Field evidence suggests that model residual variability is driven by excessive surface storage of water, the presence of beaver dams and narrowing of the stream channels under the bridges, which could potentially delay the flow of water for many days. After delineating the areas of flooding and treating them as reservoirs in Wilton Creek, we were able to overcome the modelling challenges with minor modifications in the original SWAT configuration and achieve satisfactory fit for both the calibration (NSE = 0.55 and NSE = 0.73) and validation (NSE = 0.59 and NSE = 0.76) periods. Our study suggests that the reservoirs play a significant role in buffering the impact of extreme flow conditions, especially during the spring freshet

在这项研究中，我们使用土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模拟了位于昆特湾关注区的纳帕尼河和威尔顿河流域的水文循环。这两个地点的地貌特征给利用 SWAT 等概念模型成功再现观测到的溪流带来了挑战。在调整模型输入和修改边界条件后，SWAT 的纳帕尼河模型在校准（纳什-萨特克利夫效率 NSE = 0.83）和验证（纳什-萨特克利夫效率 NSE = 0.87 和纳什-萨特克利夫效率 NSE = 0.91）领域的表现都 "非常好"。相比之下，尽管威尔顿溪面积较小（233 平方公里），而且没有永久性或人为调节的水坝，但观测到的溪流模式对极端降水事件的响应却明显滞后，这给实现令人满意的模型性能带来了挑战。实地证据表明，模型的残余变化是由过多的地表蓄水、海狸坝的存在以及桥下河道的狭窄造成的，这可能会使水流延迟多日。在划定洪水泛滥区域并将其视为威尔顿溪的水库后，我们对原始 SWAT 配置进行了小幅修改，从而克服了建模难题，并在校准期（NSE = 0.55 和 NSE = 0.73）和验证期（NSE = 0.59 和 NSE = 0.76）取得了令人满意的拟合效果。我们的研究表明，水库在缓冲极端流量条件的影响方面发挥了重要作用，尤其是在春季新梢期

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on the trophic dynamics of Babine Lake: Implications for the production of sockeye salmon 评估人类活动对 Babine 湖营养动态的影响：对红鲑产量的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102395

Cécilia Barouillet , Kathleen R. Laird , Brian F. Cumming , Bruce P. Finney , Daniel T. Selbie

Babine Lake, British Columbia, is Canada’s largest sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) nursery lake, sustaining numerous ecosystem services (e.g., fisheries, recreation, cultural and spiritual benefits). The lake and its watershed have experienced significant anthropogenic and natural disturbances since the early 1900’s, including extensive logging, pine beetle infestations, mining, fisheries enhancements, and climate change. To help understand the cumulative impacts of local and regional factors on the trophic ecology of this large freshwater ecosystem, we used the paleolimnological approach to reconstruct changes over the past ∼ 200 years of primary production (subfossil pigments, diatom microfossils), secondary production (cladoceran zooplankton microfossils) and geochemistry (carbon and nitrogen isotopes, elemental analyses, % organic matter). Between ca. 1950 and the 2000’s changes in the sedimentary proxies are consistent with an enhanced influx of nutrients and dissolved organic carbon likely due to the cumulative landscape disturbances and an increase in precipitation. These changes include shifts in diatom composition ca. 1950 to higher abundances and taxa indicative of decreased light penetration and nutrient enrichment. Increases in δ¹⁵N (∼ +1‰) and cladoceran concentrations, concurrent with increasing sockeye salmon escapement post ca. 1975, is indicative of a higher pelagic fish production that occurs concurrently with both fisheries enhancements and sustained higher precipitation. The largest and most abrupt change in algal pigments occurred post ca. 2000, characterized by increases in motile and buoyant algae (i.e., chrysophytes, cryptophytes, colonial cyanobacteria), a time of increasing regional air temperatures, reduced spring and autumn winds, and resultant changes in patterns of lake mixing.

不列颠哥伦比亚省的巴比内湖是加拿大最大的红鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus nerka）育苗湖，维持着众多生态系统服务（如渔业、娱乐、文化和精神利益）。自 20 世纪初以来，该湖及其流域经历了重大的人为和自然干扰，包括大面积伐木、松树甲虫灾害、采矿、渔业增产和气候变化。为了帮助了解当地和区域因素对这一大型淡水生态系统营养生态的累积影响，我们采用古气象学方法重建了过去 200 年间初级生产（亚化石色素、硅藻微化石）、次级生产（浮游动物微化石）和地球化学（碳和氮同位素、元素分析、有机物百分比）的变化。从约 1950 年到 2000 年期间，沉积物代用指标的变化与养分和溶解有机碳流入量的增加相一致，这可能是由于累积的景观干扰和降水量的增加造成的。这些变化包括 1950 年前后硅藻组成的变化，其丰度和类群的增加表明光的穿透力减弱和营养物质的富集。约 1975 年后，随着红鲑逃逸量的增加，δ15N（∼+1‰）和桡足类的浓度也随之增加。1975 年以后，随着红鲑逃逸量的增加，中上层鱼类产量也随之增加。藻类色素的最大、最突然的变化发生在约 2000 年之后，其特点是活动藻类和浮游藻类（即菊形藻、隐藻、群生蓝藻）的增加，此时区域气温升高，春秋季风力减弱，导致湖泊混合模式发生变化。

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引用次数: 0

Nearshore and embayment zooplankton community structure in Lake Michigan, implications for invasion by bigheaded carps 密歇根湖近岸和堤坝浮游动物群落结构，对大头鲤入侵的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102405

Hillary L. Glandon , Emily M. Reed , Scot D. Peterson , Charles R. Roswell , Amber R. Schmidt , John H. Chick , Sara M. Thomas , Patrick S. Forsythe , Carl R. Ruetz III , Sergiusz J. Czesny

Zooplankton communities in Lake Michigan’s nearshore and embayment regions are important food sources for planktivorous and larval fish. Geographically extensive surveys of nearshore zooplankton abundance and composition are crucial for understanding spatial patterns in community structure and Lake Michigan’s food web. Over 400 zooplankton samples collected in 2013 and 2014 from 25 locations in Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin harbors, open waters, and drowned river mouth lakes of Lake Michigan were used to identify spatial and temporal patterns in zooplankton assemblages. Special focus was placed on the accurate collection of small-bodied taxa such as rotifers, copepod nauplii, and dreissenid veligers to explore the contribution of smaller taxa to total zooplankton biomass. Multivariate analysis identified zooplankton biomass and community structure in Green Bay, Wisconsin and Michigan drowned river mouth lakes as distinct from Illinois and Wisconsin harbor and nearshore areas. Our zooplankton biomass estimates were then applied to an existing bioenergetics model for bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and H. molitrix) to quantify their predicted growth, as a proxy for successful establishment in Lake Michigan. Locations where bigheaded carps were predicted to grow were consistent with patterns in zooplankton community structure and were restricted to a handful of sites in Green Bay and Michigan drowned river mouths. These results emphasize the importance of embayment zooplankton communities and small-bodied zooplankton as energy sources for both native and non-native fishes in an increasingly oligotrophic Lake Michigan.

密歇根湖近岸和河口地区的浮游动物群落是食板鱼和幼鱼的重要食物来源。对近岸浮游动物的丰度和组成进行广泛的地理调查，对于了解群落结构和密歇根湖食物网的空间模式至关重要。2013 年和 2014 年从伊利诺伊州、密歇根州和威斯康星州的密歇根湖港口、开阔水域和淹没河口湖的 25 个地点收集了 400 多份浮游动物样本，用于确定浮游动物群落的空间和时间模式。重点是准确收集小体类群，如轮虫、桡足类稚虫和海鞘绒毛虫，以探索较小类群对浮游动物总生物量的贡献。多变量分析确定了绿湾、威斯康星州和密歇根州溺水河口湖泊的浮游动物生物量和群落结构与伊利诺伊州和威斯康星州港口及近岸区域的浮游动物生物量和群落结构。然后，我们将浮游动物生物量估算值应用于现有的大头鲤生物能模型（和），以量化其预测生长量，作为在密歇根湖成功建群的替代指标。预测大头鲤生长的地点与浮游动物群落结构的模式一致，并且仅限于格林湾和密歇根淹没河口的少数几个地点。这些结果强调了在日益寡营养的密歇根湖中，堤岸浮游动物群落和小型浮游动物作为本地和非本地鱼类的能量来源的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The benthic nepheloid layer in the offshore waters of the Great Lakes and its post-dreissenid disappearance 五大湖近海水域的底栖藻类层及其在裂头藻类消失后的情况

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102408

Richard P. Barbiero , Lyubov E. Burlakova , James M. Watkins , Alexander Y. Karatayev , Barry M. Lesht

Prior to the appearance of Dreissena, pronounced benthic nepheloid layers (BNL) near the bottom characterized by elevated levels of both turbidity and total phosphorus (TP), were a consistent and extensive feature of the offshore, stratified waters of all the Laurentian Great Lakes, except Lake Superior. In recent (2010–2019) years, the BNL has disappeared from all areas except for central Lake Erie, where only a small decrease in bottom turbidity has occurred. All stratified regions which exhibited a pre-Dreissena BNL, including central Lake Erie, experienced substantial post-Dreissena reductions in near-bottom TP, although the forms of phosphorus (particulate or soluble) responsible for these reductions have varied from lake to lake. Notably, the arrival of Dreissena at offshore sites was not accompanied by an increase in soluble phosphorus. Initiation of changes in the BNL almost invariably preceded appearance of Dreissena in the offshore, suggesting both that dreissenid impacts on the reductions in the BNL were largely remote, and by extension that the source of the BNL was also at least in part remote. Previous researchers’ estimates of the importance of the benthic pool of phosphorus to offshore water column concentration suggest that the post-invasion reductions in bottom phosphorus during the stratified season could be contributing to the offshore oligotrophication of the lakes.

在出现 Dreissena 之前，除苏必利尔湖外，所有劳伦伦五大湖近海分层水域都有明显的底栖软骨层（BNL），其特征是浊度和总磷（TP）水平均升高。近年来（2010-2019 年），BNL 已从所有地区消失，只有伊利湖中部地区的湖底浑浊度略有下降。包括伊利湖中部在内的所有在 Dreissena 之前出现 BNL 的分层区域，在 Dreissena 之后都经历了近底总磷酸盐的大幅减少，尽管造成这些减少的磷的形式（颗粒或可溶）因湖而异。值得注意的是，离岸地点出现 Dreissena 的同时，可溶性磷并没有增加。BNL的变化几乎总是先于离岸磷虾的出现，这表明磷虾对BNL减少的影响在很大程度上是遥远的，进而表明BNL的来源至少在一定程度上也是遥远的。以前的研究人员估计底栖磷库对近海水体浓度的重要性，这表明入侵后分层季节底层磷的减少可能是造成湖泊近海少营养化的原因之一。

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引用次数: 0

Aquatic invertebrate diversity in Apostle Islands and Isle Royale waters: Comparison among habitats and sampling gears and to open Lake Superior Apostle Islands 和 Isle Royale 水域的水生无脊椎动物多样性：不同栖息地和采样工具与开阔的苏必利尔湖的比较

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102406

Anett Trebitz , Gerald Shepard , Christy Meredith , Greg Peterson , Joel Hoffman

Aquatic invertebrate composition in Great Lakes nearshore regions is known to differ from offshore, but studies representing the closest-to-land end of this gradient are primarily from estuaries and rivermouths having substantial watershed connectivity and anthropogenic influence. Here, we present data from aquatic invertebrate surveys conducted in two Lake Superior parks that are distanced from such watersheds and pressures, namely Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) and Isle Royale National Park (ISRO). Our intensive, multi-gear surveys from 99 APIS stations in 2017 and 165 ISRO stations in 2012 reveal a broad diversity of zooplankton and benthic/littoral macroinvertebrate taxa. Park samples yielded 29 zooplankton and >300 benthic/littoral taxa, with richness exceeding that of comparable nearshore datasets, especially for aquatic insects, leeches, and mites. Station depth was a major factor structuring invertebrates, and benthic/littoral densities were highest and composition most diverse at shallow stations having aquatic vegetation. Species composition and taxa accumulation patterns differed considerably among sampling gears, highlighting the value of multi-gear surveys. Several park mollusk and insect species matched ‘special concern’ listings, and two non-native cladocerans were very abundant. These two surveys added 11 new species to the aquatic macroinvertebrates known from Lake Superior, highlighting the importance of these parks in harboring biodiversity and the importance of individualized assessments of places not well represented in more routine lakewide biological monitoring. Our data are available as baselines for future biological surveys and trend assessments.

众所周知，五大湖近岸区域的水生无脊椎动物组成与离岸区域不同，但代表这一梯度中最接近陆地一端的研究主要来自具有大量流域连接性和人为影响的河口和河口。在此，我们介绍了在两个远离此类流域和压力的苏必利尔湖公园（即阿波斯特尔岛屿国家湖滨公园（Apostle Islands National Lakeshore，APIS）和罗耶尔岛国家公园（Isle Royale National Park，ISRO））进行的水生无脊椎动物调查数据。我们在 2017 年对阿波斯特尔群岛国家湖滨公园的 99 个站点和 2012 年对伊斯罗亚尔岛国家公园的 165 个站点进行了密集的多指标调查，结果显示浮游动物和底栖/沿岸大型无脊椎动物类群具有广泛的多样性。公园样本中发现了 29 个浮游动物类群和 300 个底栖/沿岸类群，其丰富程度超过了可比的近岸数据集，尤其是水生昆虫、水蛭和螨类。站点深度是无脊椎动物结构的一个主要因素，在有水生植被的浅水站点，底栖/沿岸密度最高，物种组成最多样。不同采样工具的物种组成和分类群积累模式差异很大，这突出表明了多工具调查的价值。公园中的一些软体动物和昆虫物种符合 "特别关注 "名录，两种非本地的桡足类非常丰富。这两项调查为苏必利尔湖已知的水生大型无脊椎动物增加了 11 个新物种，凸显了这些公园蕴藏生物多样性的重要性，以及对常规全湖生物监测中没有很好体现的地方进行个性化评估的重要性。我们的数据可作为未来生物调查和趋势评估的基线。

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引用次数: 0

Historical and morphological evidence for a remnant population of Lake Erie cisco Coregonus artedi (albus) in Crystal Lake, Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州水晶湖中伊利湖矶鳕残余种群的历史和形态学证据 Coregonus artedi (albus)

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102407

Joseph D. Schmitt , Douglas P. Fischer , Yu-Chun Kao , Aaron Frey , Marc Chalupniki , James E. McKenna Jr , Kristy Phillips , Mark R. DuFour , Richard T. Kraus , Randy L. Eshenroder

The cisco (Coregonus artedi) population in Crystal Lake, Pennsylvania, is of great scientific interest as it either originated from Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. Cisco in Lake Erie once supported the largest freshwater fishery in the world, but populations were extirpated by 1960. We conducted a morphological analysis of Crystal Lake cisco to determine whether it was consistent with a distinctive Lake Erie form (albus), which was also historically documented, albeit rarely, in western Lake Ontario. Using principal component analysis, we compared eight morphometric ratios and one meristic from our Crystal Lake cisco collection with historical and contemporary collections of cisco from Lakes Erie and Ontario. Maximum likelihood ellipse overlaps between Crystal Lake cisco and presumed albus (the dominant Lake Erie form prior to extirpation) collections averaged 54%. For all groups, the greatest morphological overlap (73.9%) occurred between Crystal Lake and 1957 Lake Erie cisco, which only differed from Crystal Lake cisco in dorsal fin length. Alternatively, overlap between Crystal Lake cisco and all other Lake Ontario collections averaged 3.2%. Our results demonstrate that Crystal Lake cisco are likely an albus form; furthermore, historical documentation and our morphological results suggest a Lake Erie origin. Substantial overlap between Crystal Lake cisco and Lake Ontario albus collected in 1917 is likely explained by continuous entrainment of Lake Erie larvae into Lake Ontario. We suspect this created an albus metapopulation spanning Lakes Erie and Ontario, yet albus are no longer observed in either lake today.

宾夕法尼亚州水晶湖中的思科鱼（Coregonus artedi）种群引起了科学界的极大兴趣，因为它要么来自伊利湖，要么来自安大略湖。伊利湖中的矶沧鱼曾是世界上最大的淡水渔业，但到 1960 年，其种群已经灭绝。我们对水晶湖思科鱼进行了形态分析，以确定它是否与伊利湖的一种独特形态（albus）一致，这种形态在历史上也曾在安大略湖西部出现过，尽管很少。通过主成分分析，我们比较了水晶湖矶山鱼与伊利湖和安大略湖历史和当代矶山鱼的八种形态比率和一种分部特征。水晶湖思科鱼与假定的白鲑鱼（伊利湖思科鱼灭绝前的主要形态）之间的最大似然椭圆重叠率平均为 54%。在所有组别中，形态重叠率最高（73.9%）的是水晶湖和1957年伊利湖矶沧鱼，后者与水晶湖矶沧鱼仅在背鳍长度上存在差异。另外，水晶湖思科鱼与安大略湖所有其他采集品之间的重叠率平均为 3.2%。我们的研究结果表明，水晶湖鳕鱼很可能是白鲑鱼；此外，历史文献和我们的形态学研究结果表明，水晶湖鳕鱼起源于伊利湖。1917 年采集到的水晶湖矶山鱼和安大略湖白鲑鱼之间存在大量重叠，这可能是伊利湖幼鱼不断进入安大略湖造成的。我们怀疑这创造了一个横跨伊利湖和安大略湖的白鲑鱼种群，但如今在这两个湖中都已看不到白鲑鱼。

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引用次数: 0

An evaluation of sanitary and environmental survey use to protect beaches in the Great Lakes basin 对用于保护五大湖流域海滩的卫生和环境调查进行评估

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102401

Thomas A. Edge , Gabrielle Parent Doliner , Shannon Briggs , Julie Kinzelman , Matthew Dellinger

Beaches are important for recreational and economic purposes. Beach advisories represent significant potential for human health risks as well as adverse impacts on local economies. The International Joint Commission’s Health Professionals Advisory Board (HPAB) and the Great Lakes Beach Association (GLBA) collaborated to assess the binational extent, experience, and effects of Great Lakes Beach Sanitary Surveys (BSS) in the United States and equivalent Environmental Health and Safety Surveys (EHSS) in Canada. A working group of HPAB and GLBA members distributed a questionnaire to beach managers around the Great Lakes. A total of 34 responses were received from beach programs and groups in each Great Lakes state in the United States and from Ontario, Canada. While 68% of respondents indicated surveys were conducted annually, at least 26% indicated they were not. Most beach monitoring programs around the Great Lakes used surveys to identify Canada geese (85% of programs), gulls (74%), stormwater runoff (74%), runoff from parking lots (59%) and algal blooms (58%) as sources of fecal pollution and potential health threats. Sewage (44%), dog fecal droppings (41%) and dangerous currents (32%) were also commonly reported. Waterfowl control actions after BSS/EHSS were the most common mitigation activity (65% of programs). Beach landscaping (50%) and sand grooming (47%) were also common mitigations. These results indicate the need to encourage use of BSS/EHSS more strongly, ensure beach programs have sustainable resources for BSS/EHSS, and ensure BSS/EHSS guide follow-up studies or mitigation actions.

海滩对于娱乐和经济目的非常重要。海滩警告可能会对人类健康造成重大风险，并对当地经济产生不利影响。国际联合委员会的卫生专业人员咨询委员会 (HPAB) 和五大湖海滩协会 (GLBA) 合作评估了美国五大湖海滩卫生调查 (BSS) 和加拿大同等环境卫生与安全调查 (EHSS) 的两国范围、经验和效果。一个由 HPAB 和 GLBA 成员组成的工作组向五大湖周边的海滩管理者分发了一份调查问卷。从美国五大湖各州和加拿大安大略省的海滩项目和团体共收到 34 份回复。虽然 68% 的受访者表示每年都进行调查，但至少有 26% 的受访者表示没有进行调查。五大湖区的大多数海滩监测计划都通过调查将加拿大鹅（85% 的计划）、海鸥（74%）、雨水径流（74%）、停车场径流（59%）和藻类水华（58%）确定为粪便污染和潜在健康威胁的来源。污水（44%）、狗粪便（41%）和危险水流（32%）也是常见的报告来源。BSS/EHSS 后的水禽控制行动是最常见的缓解活动（65% 的计划）。海滩美化（50%）和沙地整理（47%）也是常见的缓解措施。这些结果表明，需要更大力地鼓励使用 BSS/EHSS，确保海滩计划拥有可持续的 BSS/EHSS 资源，并确保 BSS/EHSS 能够指导后续研究或缓解行动。

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引用次数: 0

Compositions, sources, and bioavailability of colloidal organic matter in Lake Taihu 太湖胶体有机物的组成、来源和生物利用率

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102400

Yanqing Ding , Chengliang Wang , Mengyang Sun , Puyu Qi , Youwen He , Zhiru Hu , Boqiang Qin

Colloidal organic matter (COM) exists ubiquitously in natural waters, and plays a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles. Lake Taihu is confronted with severe eutrophication and algal blooms. Field investigations were carried out in Lake Taihu and two inflow rivers for two years to identify the source of COM and explore the bioavailability of COM to algae. Compositions and sources of COM were analyzed through UV absorption coefficients and parallel factor analysis of three-dimensional excitation emission matrix spectra (3D EEMs-PARAFAC). Absorption coefficient a(350) of COM in rivers surpassed that in the lake, SUVA₂₅₄ exhibited noteworthy seasonal variations, and S_R indicated a stable autochthonous characteristic. Three components were identified by PARAFAC analysis: tryptophan-like (C1), humic-like (C2), and tyrosine-like (C3). Fluorescence indexes showed that C1 and C3 were mainly autochthonously produced and C2 was derived from allochthonous inputs. The bioassays were conducted to assess the bioavailability of COM to the dominant species, Microcystis aeruginosa. The results showed that colloids supplied rich carbon sources and trace metals, supporting the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa. The specific growth rate, Chl a content, and biological increment of Microcystis aeruginosa in 50 % colloid-added treatment exceeded those in 20 % and 75 % treatments. Simultaneously, the effective quantum yield (F_v/Fm) and the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR_max) demonstrated that the photosynthetic activity of Microcystis aeruginosa was higher in 20 % treatment. These findings help in understanding the intricate mechanisms of COM in lake ecosystems, and provide the robust scientific foundation for water management and protection in Lake Taihu.

胶体有机物（COM）在自然水域中无处不在，在生物地球化学循环中发挥着举足轻重的作用。太湖面临着严重的富营养化和藻类大量繁殖问题。为了确定 COM 的来源并探索 COM 对藻类的生物利用率，我们在太湖和两条入湖河流进行了为期两年的实地调查。通过紫外吸收系数和三维激发发射矩阵光谱平行因子分析（3D EEMs-PARAFAC）分析了 COM 的组成和来源。河流中 COM 的吸收系数 a(350) 超过了湖泊中 COM 的吸收系数 a(350)，SUVA254 表现出明显的季节性变化，SR 表明其具有稳定的自生特征。通过 PARAFAC 分析确定了三种成分：色氨酸样（C1）、腐殖酸样（C2）和酪氨酸样（C3）。荧光指数显示，C1 和 C3 主要是自生的，而 C2 来自异源输入。生物测定旨在评估 COM 对主要物种铜绿微囊藻的生物利用率。结果表明，胶体提供了丰富的碳源和痕量金属，支持铜绿微囊藻的生长。在添加 50% 胶体的处理中，铜绿微囊藻的特定生长率、Chl a 含量和生物增量均超过添加 20% 和 75% 的处理。同时，有效量子产率（Fv/Fm）和表观光合电子传递速率（ETRmax）表明，20% 处理中铜绿微囊藻的光合作用活性更高。这些研究结果有助于理解湖泊生态系统中COM的复杂机制，为太湖水体管理和保护提供坚实的科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Speed kills? Migrating sea lamprey increase speed when exposed to an antipredator cue but make worse short-term decisions 洄游的海灯鱼在遇到反捕食者线索时会加快速度，但短期决策却更糟糕

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102398

M.E. Feder , B.D. Wisenden , TM Luhring , CM Wagner

There is growing evidence that a natural repellent, injury-released alarm cues, can be used to guide the movements of invasive fishes to achieve management goals. However, because this process involves perception, downstream cognitive processing of sensory information affects decisions regarding expression of antipredator behavior. Response habituation, wherein repeated or continuous exposure to a cue reduces behavioral response rates, is an oft-cited challenge for use of predation cues as conservation tools. Habituation may be delayed or prevented by altering the concentration and/or the temporal pattern of odor release (pulses of odor vs continuous application). We examined the effects of varying odor concentration and exposure regime (continuous vs pulsed) on behavioral response of adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to conspecific alarm cue in a two-choice maze. We found that exposure to alarm cue induced more frequent and rapid upstream movement, regardless of exposure regime. There was also clear evidence of a speed-accuracy tradeoff, wherein sea lamprey that took longer to arrive at the bifurcation in the maze were more likely to avoid the arm activated with alarm cue. We could not ascertain the value of increasing concentration or pulsing the alarm cue on preventing habituation, as habituation did not occur. We hypothesize dishabituation to the alarm cue occurred immediately prior to testing due to handling that may have inadvertently simulated an unsuccessful predator attack. If true, incorporating dishabituating stimuli may prove a useful means to maintain the efficacy of alarm cue when applied as a repellent to manipulate the movements of sea lamprey.

越来越多的证据表明，一种天然的驱避剂--受伤后释放的警报线索--可用于引导入侵鱼类的行动，以实现管理目标。然而，由于这一过程涉及感知，对感官信息的下游认知处理会影响有关反捕食者行为表达的决策。反应习惯化（即反复或持续接触某种线索会降低行为反应率）是将捕食线索用作保护工具时经常遇到的挑战。可以通过改变气味释放的浓度和/或时间模式（脉冲气味与持续释放气味）来延迟或防止习惯化。我们在双选迷宫中研究了不同气味浓度和暴露方式（连续与脉冲）对成年海鳗（Petromyzon marinus）对同种警报线索行为反应的影响。我们发现，无论暴露机制如何，暴露于报警线索都会诱发更频繁、更快速的逆流运动。还有明显的证据表明，速度与准确性之间存在权衡，即需要更长时间才能到达迷宫中分叉点的海灯鱼更有可能避开被警报线索激活的手臂。我们无法确定增加浓度或脉冲报警提示对防止习惯化的价值，因为习惯化并未发生。我们推测，在测试前，由于操作可能无意中模拟了捕食者的失败攻击，导致了对警报提示的不习惯。如果情况属实，那么在使用报警提示作为驱避剂来操纵海鳗的行动时，加入去习惯化刺激可能会被证明是一种保持报警提示有效性的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of increasing tile drainage and seasonal weather patterns on phosphorus loading from three major Canadian Lake Erie tributaries 瓦片排水量增加和季节性天气模式对加拿大伊利湖三大支流磷负荷的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Great Lakes Research

Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102396

Alana C. Tedeschi, Rachelle A. Fortier, Patricia Chow-Fraser

Tile-drainage area has expanded across the Canadian Lake Erie watershed in recent decades, and effects on phosphorus (P) loading are unclear. Eleven years (2010 to 2021) of daily P, total suspended solids (TSS), discharge, and climatological data were aggregated from three Canadian tributaries that form a gradient of tiled areas: East Sydenham River (ESR, 60% tile), Thames River (TR, 48% tile), and Grand River (GR, 23% tile). Instead of using traditional seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), we classified seasons by air temperature to highlight hydrological periods of importance for P loss through tile drains. Seasons included frozen (<−3.2 °C), thawing (−3.2 – 6.7 °C), bare (6.7 – 15.9 °C), and growing (>15.9 °C). Nonparametric comparisons revealed that during every season, the ESR and TR had significantly higher soluble reactive P (SRP) and total P (TP) concentrations than the GR. For %SRP, the ESR was significantly higher than the other rivers during every season, while for TSS, the GR was significantly higher than the other rivers during every season. Only during the thawing season were positive relationships observed in every river between year-over-year tile-drainage proportion and associated P loadings and concentrations. The ESR was the only river to yield significant relationships between tile drainage and P in all seasons except the frozen season. Our findings suggest that increases in tile-drainage area can lead to increases in SRP loading to Lake Erie from Canadian tributaries, especially during the thawing season. However, effects of tile drainage are moderated by differences in soil texture, land-use-land-cover, climate, and point sources.

近几十年来，加拿大伊利湖流域的瓦片排水面积不断扩大，对磷（P）负荷的影响尚不清楚。我们汇总了加拿大三条支流 11 年（2010 年至 2021 年）的日磷、总悬浮固体 (TSS)、排水量和气候数据，这三条支流形成了一个梯度的瓦片排水区：东西德纳姆河（ESR，60% 的瓦片）、泰晤士河（TR，48% 的瓦片）和大河（GR，23% 的瓦片）。我们没有使用传统的季节（冬、春、夏、秋），而是根据气温对季节进行了分类，以突出通过瓦渠流失磷的重要水文时期。季节包括冰冻期（-3.2 °C）、解冻期（-3.2 - 6.7 °C）、裸露期（6.7 - 15.9 °C）和生长期（15.9 °C）。非参数比较显示，在每个季节，ESR 和 TR 的可溶性活性 P（SRP）和总 P（TP）浓度都明显高于 GR。就可溶性活性磷而言，ESR 在每个季节都明显高于其他河流；就总悬浮固体而言，GR 在每个季节都明显高于其他河流。只有在解冻季节，每条河流的瓦片排水比例与相关的 P 负荷和浓度之间才会出现正相关关系。除冰冻季节外，ESR 是唯一一条在所有季节都能发现瓦片排水与磷之间存在显著关系的河流。我们的研究结果表明，瓦片排水面积的增加会导致加拿大支流对伊利湖的可吸入颗粒物负荷增加，尤其是在解冻季节。然而，土壤质地、土地利用、土地覆盖、气候和点源的不同会缓和瓦片排水的影响。

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引用次数: 0