Mónica Mora, Pablo González, José Ramón Quevedo, Elena Montañés, Llibertat Tusell, Rob Bergsma, Miriam Piles
Feeding represents the largest economic cost in meat production; therefore, selection to improve traits related to feed efficiency is a goal in most livestock breeding programs. Residual feed intake (RFI), that is, the difference between the actual and the expected feed intake based on animal's requirements, has been used as the selection criteria to improve feed efficiency since it was proposed by Kotch in 1963. In growing pigs, it is computed as the residual of the multiple regression model of daily feed intake (DFI), on average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT), and metabolic body weight (MW). Recently, prediction using single-output machine learning algorithms and information from SNPs as predictor variables have been proposed for genomic selection in growing pigs, but like in other species, the prediction quality achieved for RFI has been generally poor. However, it has been suggested that it could be improved through multi-output or stacking methods. For this purpose, four strategies were implemented to predict RFI. Two of them correspond to the computation of RFI in an indirect way using the predicted values of its components obtained from (i) individual (multiple single-output strategy) or (ii) simultaneous predictions (multi-output strategy). The other two correspond to the direct prediction of RFI using (iii) the individual predictions of its components as predictor variables jointly with the genotype (stacking strategy), or (iv) using only the genotypes as predictors of RFI (single-output strategy). The single-output strategy was considered the benchmark. This research aimed to test the former three hypotheses using data recorded from 5828 growing pigs and 45,610 SNPs. For all the strategies two different learning methods were fitted: random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR). A nested cross-validation (CV) with an outer 10-folds CV and an inner threefold CV for hyperparameter tuning was implemented to test all strategies. This scheme was repeated using as predictor variables different subsets with an increasing number (from 200 to 3000) of the most informative SNPs identified with RF. Results showed that the highest prediction performance was achieved with 1000 SNPs, although the stability of feature selection was poor (0.13 points out of 1). For all SNP subsets, the benchmark showed the best prediction performance. Using the RF as a learner and the 1000 most informative SNPs as predictors, the mean (SD) of the 10 values obtained in the test sets were: 0.23 (0.04) for the Spearman correlation, 0.83 (0.04) for the zero–one loss, and 0.33 (0.03) for the rank distance loss. We conclude that the information on predicted components of RFI (DFI, ADG, MW, and BFT) does not contribute to improve the quality of the prediction of this trait in relation to the one obtained with the single-output strategy.
{"title":"Impact of multi-output and stacking methods on feed efficiency prediction from genotype using machine learning algorithms","authors":"Mónica Mora, Pablo González, José Ramón Quevedo, Elena Montañés, Llibertat Tusell, Rob Bergsma, Miriam Piles","doi":"10.1111/jbg.12815","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jbg.12815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Feeding represents the largest economic cost in meat production; therefore, selection to improve traits related to feed efficiency is a goal in most livestock breeding programs. Residual feed intake (RFI), that is, the difference between the actual and the expected feed intake based on animal's requirements, has been used as the selection criteria to improve feed efficiency since it was proposed by Kotch in 1963. In growing pigs, it is computed as the residual of the multiple regression model of daily feed intake (DFI), on average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT), and metabolic body weight (MW). Recently, prediction using single-output machine learning algorithms and information from SNPs as predictor variables have been proposed for genomic selection in growing pigs, but like in other species, the prediction quality achieved for RFI has been generally poor. However, it has been suggested that it could be improved through multi-output or stacking methods. For this purpose, four strategies were implemented to predict RFI. Two of them correspond to the computation of RFI in an indirect way using the predicted values of its components obtained from (i) individual (multiple single-output strategy) or (ii) simultaneous predictions (multi-output strategy). The other two correspond to the direct prediction of RFI using (iii) the individual predictions of its components as predictor variables jointly with the genotype (stacking strategy), or (iv) using only the genotypes as predictors of RFI (single-output strategy). The single-output strategy was considered the benchmark. This research aimed to test the former three hypotheses using data recorded from 5828 growing pigs and 45,610 SNPs. For all the strategies two different learning methods were fitted: random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR). A nested cross-validation (CV) with an outer 10-folds CV and an inner threefold CV for hyperparameter tuning was implemented to test all strategies. This scheme was repeated using as predictor variables different subsets with an increasing number (from 200 to 3000) of the most informative SNPs identified with RF. Results showed that the highest prediction performance was achieved with 1000 SNPs, although the stability of feature selection was poor (0.13 points out of 1). For all SNP subsets, the benchmark showed the best prediction performance. Using the RF as a learner and the 1000 most informative SNPs as predictors, the mean (SD) of the 10 values obtained in the test sets were: 0.23 (0.04) for the Spearman correlation, 0.83 (0.04) for the zero–one loss, and 0.33 (0.03) for the rank distance loss. We conclude that the information on predicted components of RFI (DFI, ADG, MW, and BFT) does not contribute to improve the quality of the prediction of this trait in relation to the one obtained with the single-output strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbg.12815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9748993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of genetic factors on the productivity of cows and the probability of their disease with mastitis under different housing technologies. Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out according to the data of two breeding plants for the breeding of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed with free and stall housing. The data of more than 16,000 milk samples over the past six years were analyzed. Heritability of the average indicators of the quantity and quality of milk of cows according to the data of control milkings, yield for 305 days of lactation and the number of cases of diagnosis of mastitis using correlation analysis. Variability of milk quality of cows was monitored depending on the technology of housing. The research determined the influence of breeding bulls and their line on milk yield and milk quality indicators. To determine the influence of these factors, dispersion analysis was used. Processing of the obtained data was carried out according to basic statistical techniques using computer programs. Research results. According to the research results, it was established that the variability of daily milk yield during free housing was higher by 6.1%, fat content by 7% compared to stall housing, and protein content, the number of somatic cells and their evaluation was lower. The strength of the influence of housing on the parameters of daily milk yield was: on the daily yield – 1.8%, on the fat content – 22.8%, on the protein content – 0.8%, on the number of somatic cells – 1.6%, on their evaluation – 4.1%, on the reliability of cows for 305 days of lactation – 4.1%, on milk fat output – 13.6%, on milk protein output – 6.3%, on the frequency of mastitis diagnosis – 4.5%. The coefficients of heritability of daily milk yield under stall housing were 2.2 times higher, fat content – 3.5 times, protein content – 1.8 times, number of somatic cells – 2.7 times, estimates of the number of somatic cells – 2 times, milk yield for 305 days of lactation – 2.4 times, the amount of milk protein – 1.6 times, and the number of cases of mastitis diagnosis – 1.7 times. The influence of bulls on indicators of the quantity and quality of cow milk was significantly higher than on daily milk yield. The strength of the influence of this factor on indicators of daily milk yield during free housing was: the milk yield – 5.5%, the fat content – 2.5%, the protein content – 2.7%, the number of somatic cells – 2.5%, the estimation of the number of somatic cells – 2.8%, and for stall housing – 4.3%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 2.9%, 7.3%, respectively. The strength of the influence on productivity indicators per lactation was as follows: for free housing on milk yield – 13.4%, on the amount of milk fat – 20.1%, on the amount of milk protein – 13.5% and on the number of cases of mastitis diagnosis – 12.7%, and for stall housing 19.1%, 13.6%, 18.0% and 35.2%, respectively (Р < 0.001). The influence
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE FATHER'S GENETYPE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS AND THE PROBABILITY OF THEIR MASTITIS UNDER DIFFERENT HOUSING","authors":"O. Admin, N. Admina, N. P. Rus’ko","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of genetic factors on the productivity of cows and the probability of their disease with mastitis under different housing technologies. \u0000Materials and methods of research. The work was carried out according to the data of two breeding plants for the breeding of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed with free and stall housing. The data of more than 16,000 milk samples over the past six years were analyzed. Heritability of the average indicators of the quantity and quality of milk of cows according to the data of control milkings, yield for 305 days of lactation and the number of cases of diagnosis of mastitis using correlation analysis. Variability of milk quality of cows was monitored depending on the technology of housing. The research determined the influence of breeding bulls and their line on milk yield and milk quality indicators. To determine the influence of these factors, dispersion analysis was used. Processing of the obtained data was carried out according to basic statistical techniques using computer programs. \u0000Research results. According to the research results, it was established that the variability of daily milk yield during free housing was higher by 6.1%, fat content by 7% compared to stall housing, and protein content, the number of somatic cells and their evaluation was lower. The strength of the influence of housing on the parameters of daily milk yield was: on the daily yield – 1.8%, on the fat content – 22.8%, on the protein content – 0.8%, on the number of somatic cells – 1.6%, on their evaluation – 4.1%, on the reliability of cows for 305 days of lactation – 4.1%, on milk fat output – 13.6%, on milk protein output – 6.3%, on the frequency of mastitis diagnosis – 4.5%. The coefficients of heritability of daily milk yield under stall housing were 2.2 times higher, fat content – 3.5 times, protein content – 1.8 times, number of somatic cells – 2.7 times, estimates of the number of somatic cells – 2 times, milk yield for 305 days of lactation – 2.4 times, the amount of milk protein – 1.6 times, and the number of cases of mastitis diagnosis – 1.7 times. The influence of bulls on indicators of the quantity and quality of cow milk was significantly higher than on daily milk yield. The strength of the influence of this factor on indicators of daily milk yield during free housing was: the milk yield – 5.5%, the fat content – 2.5%, the protein content – 2.7%, the number of somatic cells – 2.5%, the estimation of the number of somatic cells – 2.8%, and for stall housing – 4.3%, 6.7%, 6.7%, 2.9%, 7.3%, respectively. The strength of the influence on productivity indicators per lactation was as follows: for free housing on milk yield – 13.4%, on the amount of milk fat – 20.1%, on the amount of milk protein – 13.5% and on the number of cases of mastitis diagnosis – 12.7%, and for stall housing 19.1%, 13.6%, 18.0% and 35.2%, respectively (Р < 0.001). The influence","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79238400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Fedorovych, Y. Fedorovych, I. V. Shpyt, N. P. Mazur
Introduction. One of the main ways to improve dairy herds is through the identification and utilization of the most effective combinations of parent pairs. This can be achieved by both within-line selection and crossbreeding. It is important to identify the most promising lines and their optimal combinations to ensure their effective utilization for further herd improvement. According to many authors, a systematic approach that involves identifying successful and unsuccessful combinations with the repeated use of the most effective variants will reliably contribute to the increase of the genetic potential of dairy cattle productivity. Materials and methods of research. In light of the above, the aim of our research was to investigate the formation of milk production traits in Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows in different farms of Ukraine, depending on various options for parent selection. The research was conducted on first-calf heifers and mature cows (third lactation) of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in three farms: SE EF "Oleksandrivske" in Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n = 714), LLC AE "Imeni Volovikova" in Rivne region (Polissya zone, n = 1840), and SE "Experimental farm "Askaniyske" in Kherson region (Steppe zone, n = 926). The sample included cows that had completed at least the third lactation during the research. In the study animals, the milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat content, and milk fat yield) were studied based on various options of within-line and between-line parent selection through retrospective analysis of zootechnical records data over the past ten years. Research results. The analysis of between-line selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy animals in SE EF "Oleksandrivske" showed that the most successful combinations for milk yield and milk fat yield in first-calf heifers were when the dams belonged to the Valiant line and the sires belonged to the Chif line. For mature cows (third lactation), the most successful combinations were when the dams belonged to the Eleveishn line and the sires belonged to the Starbuck line. The lowest values of the mentioned traits for the studied lactations were observed in cows obtained from the crossbreeding of the R. Meximes-Chif and S. T. Rokita-Chif lines, respectively. In LLC AE "Imeni Volovikova", the most productive animals for the first lactation were those obtained from the combination of the Starbuck-Bella lines, while for the third lactation, the individuals derived from the crossbreeding of the Bella-Chif lines showed the highest productivity. The least successful combination for both studied lactations was when the dams belonged to the S. T. Rokita line and the sires belonged to the Bella line, as animals resulting from this crossbreeding had the lowest milk yield and milk fat yield values. SE "Experimental farm "Askaniyske", the highest milk yield and milk fat yield values for the first lactation were observed in individuals whose dams bel
{"title":"MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS UNDER DIFFERENT OPTIONS OF PARENTAL PAIR SELECTION","authors":"V. Fedorovych, Y. Fedorovych, I. V. Shpyt, N. P. Mazur","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. One of the main ways to improve dairy herds is through the identification and utilization of the most effective combinations of parent pairs. This can be achieved by both within-line selection and crossbreeding. It is important to identify the most promising lines and their optimal combinations to ensure their effective utilization for further herd improvement. According to many authors, a systematic approach that involves identifying successful and unsuccessful combinations with the repeated use of the most effective variants will reliably contribute to the increase of the genetic potential of dairy cattle productivity. \u0000Materials and methods of research. In light of the above, the aim of our research was to investigate the formation of milk production traits in Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows in different farms of Ukraine, depending on various options for parent selection. The research was conducted on first-calf heifers and mature cows (third lactation) of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in three farms: SE EF \"Oleksandrivske\" in Vinnytsia region (Forest-Steppe zone, n = 714), LLC AE \"Imeni Volovikova\" in Rivne region (Polissya zone, n = 1840), and SE \"Experimental farm \"Askaniyske\" in Kherson region (Steppe zone, n = 926). The sample included cows that had completed at least the third lactation during the research. In the study animals, the milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat content, and milk fat yield) were studied based on various options of within-line and between-line parent selection through retrospective analysis of zootechnical records data over the past ten years. \u0000Research results. The analysis of between-line selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy animals in SE EF \"Oleksandrivske\" showed that the most successful combinations for milk yield and milk fat yield in first-calf heifers were when the dams belonged to the Valiant line and the sires belonged to the Chif line. For mature cows (third lactation), the most successful combinations were when the dams belonged to the Eleveishn line and the sires belonged to the Starbuck line. The lowest values of the mentioned traits for the studied lactations were observed in cows obtained from the crossbreeding of the R. Meximes-Chif and S. T. Rokita-Chif lines, respectively. \u0000In LLC AE \"Imeni Volovikova\", the most productive animals for the first lactation were those obtained from the combination of the Starbuck-Bella lines, while for the third lactation, the individuals derived from the crossbreeding of the Bella-Chif lines showed the highest productivity. The least successful combination for both studied lactations was when the dams belonged to the S. T. Rokita line and the sires belonged to the Bella line, as animals resulting from this crossbreeding had the lowest milk yield and milk fat yield values. \u0000SE \"Experimental farm \"Askaniyske\", the highest milk yield and milk fat yield values for the first lactation were observed in individuals whose dams bel","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84658617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. The prevalence of the Holstein breed in the natural and climatic zones allows for the analysis and assessment of the manifestation of breeding traits of milk productivity, exterior and reproductive ability of animals in farms of different forms of ownership. This makes it possible to establish the level of the main population genetic parameters and to carry out local measures to improve the selection work in subjects of the breeding business. Monitoring of the genealogical structure of the breed, identification of the most common lines, related groups, and their evaluation according to the main economically useful features is also carried out. The purpose and tasks of this study was to establish the number and nature of the manifestation of selection traits of animals in the regions that breed breeding Holstein cattle of Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. For the analysis of regional Holstein cattle breeding centers in Ukraine, materials from the comprehensive evaluation of breeding cattle as of 01.01.2021 were used in the amount of 5 farms in the Volyn region, 7 in the Dnipropetrovsk region, Kyiv region, Chernihiv region, 2 in Mykolaiv region, 12 in the Poltava region, and 9 in the Cherkasy region. To realize the goal, we used and conducted an analysis of the number of breeding cattle, the distribution of animals by milk yield, fat and protein content, calving, milk yield and live weight for the last completed I, II and III lactation, the characteristics of firstborns by the shape of the udder and the intensity of milk yield, reproduction ability and characteristics of record-breaking cows. The genealogical affiliation to the lines of the mother stock and breeding bulls, which were involved in reproduction, was determined using the information database of the bulls of Ukraine under the "Orsek" Dairy Management System. The average values of selection traits are calculated as a weighted average according to the generally accepted methodology. Research results. The total number of researched livestock is 43679 heads, including 22823 cows, 18907 heifers, and 949 bulls of various age groups. By breed, 95% of the animals are purebred, and by class, 76% belong to the elite-record and elite. The share of sex-age groups in different regions is not the same and varies within the following limits: cows from 47% to 62.4%, heifers 6–12 months. from 14.9% to 21.2%, heifers 13–18 months from 7.4% to 17.7% and heifers older than 18 months. from 9.6% to 14.2%. The number of bulls aged 6–18 months. distributed in the Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv and Chernihiv regions with a share from 2.9% to 5.6%. The analysis of the distribution of cows in breeding farms showed that 14% of herds have up to 100 cows, 32% from 100 to 299 cows, 18% from 300 to 699 cows, 10% from 700 to 899 cows, and 8% from more than 1000 cows. The share of firstborns, cows with the second, third calving and above compared to the total number of studied types is 40%–25%–35% = 2
{"title":"REGIONAL CENTERS FOR THE BREEDING OF HOLSTEIN CATTLE OF UKRAINE","authors":"A. Pochukalin","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The prevalence of the Holstein breed in the natural and climatic zones allows for the analysis and assessment of the manifestation of breeding traits of milk productivity, exterior and reproductive ability of animals in farms of different forms of ownership. This makes it possible to establish the level of the main population genetic parameters and to carry out local measures to improve the selection work in subjects of the breeding business. Monitoring of the genealogical structure of the breed, identification of the most common lines, related groups, and their evaluation according to the main economically useful features is also carried out. \u0000The purpose and tasks of this study was to establish the number and nature of the manifestation of selection traits of animals in the regions that breed breeding Holstein cattle of Ukraine. \u0000Materials and methods of research. For the analysis of regional Holstein cattle breeding centers in Ukraine, materials from the comprehensive evaluation of breeding cattle as of 01.01.2021 were used in the amount of 5 farms in the Volyn region, 7 in the Dnipropetrovsk region, Kyiv region, Chernihiv region, 2 in Mykolaiv region, 12 in the Poltava region, and 9 in the Cherkasy region. To realize the goal, we used and conducted an analysis of the number of breeding cattle, the distribution of animals by milk yield, fat and protein content, calving, milk yield and live weight for the last completed I, II and III lactation, the characteristics of firstborns by the shape of the udder and the intensity of milk yield, reproduction ability and characteristics of record-breaking cows. The genealogical affiliation to the lines of the mother stock and breeding bulls, which were involved in reproduction, was determined using the information database of the bulls of Ukraine under the \"Orsek\" Dairy Management System. The average values of selection traits are calculated as a weighted average according to the generally accepted methodology. \u0000Research results. The total number of researched livestock is 43679 heads, including 22823 cows, 18907 heifers, and 949 bulls of various age groups. By breed, 95% of the animals are purebred, and by class, 76% belong to the elite-record and elite. The share of sex-age groups in different regions is not the same and varies within the following limits: cows from 47% to 62.4%, heifers 6–12 months. from 14.9% to 21.2%, heifers 13–18 months from 7.4% to 17.7% and heifers older than 18 months. from 9.6% to 14.2%. The number of bulls aged 6–18 months. distributed in the Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv and Chernihiv regions with a share from 2.9% to 5.6%. \u0000The analysis of the distribution of cows in breeding farms showed that 14% of herds have up to 100 cows, 32% from 100 to 299 cows, 18% from 300 to 699 cows, 10% from 700 to 899 cows, and 8% from more than 1000 cows. \u0000The share of firstborns, cows with the second, third calving and above compared to the total number of studied types is 40%–25%–35% = 2","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85117692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧНІ Маркери, У Козівництві, М. Л. Добрянська, Інститут розведення, і генетики, тварин імені, М.В. Зубця, Наан Чубинське, M. Dobryanska, Бразилія, Один із факторів, особливого інтересу, нині до козячого, молока є, виробництво продук, тів дитячого, харчування. Порівняно
Introduction. The study of the genetic structure of the goat population by candidate genes associated with indicators of animal development and milk productivity is a promising direction, because the developing industry requires the introduction of advanced research methods. The use of methods of molecular genetic analysis can supplement breeding work to create optimally productive herds. In this connection, research is actively being conducted to study the influence of milk protein and hormone gene polymorphisms on milk productivity. Materials and methods of research. This work was carried out as a search for molecular genetic markers of productive traits in goat breeding, based on research in the world scientific literature on this topic. Research results. Goat breeding is an important branch of world animal husbandry. Goats are bred in all parts of the world, but the distribution of breeds in terms of productivity varies depending on the consumption tradition. For example, Europe is characterized by a predominance of dairy breeds, in Asia combined breeds, and in Africa meat breeds of goats are most often bred. The largest population of goats is kept in Asia and Africa. Significant producers of goat milk in the world are India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sudan. Global production of goat meat has increased by 41.66% over the past few years. Asia has the largest contribution to total meat production (70.7%). The leader in meat production is China, which produces 35.89% of goat meat from the entire world production. Goat breeding is widespread due to the ability of small cattle to easily adapt to different management systems and the ability to adapt to various climatic conditions and features of the terrain. A review of the world scientific literature confirms the fact that countries with significant demographic growth are most interested in selection work in goat breeding, taking into account genotyping by allelic variants of candidate genes for productive traits. Conclusions. As a result of the work, two proteins associated with quality indicators of milk were selected as candidate genes for productive traits: kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin, and two hormones that indirectly affect the growth and development of animals: leptin and somatotropin. The article briefly describes their functions in the body and the localization of the corresponding loci in the genome of animals. These markers are widely used for researching populations of cattle, goats and sheep in the world. This search for molecular genetic markers is aimed at carrying out similar studies in Ukraine to promote selection work in goat breeding.
{"title":"MOLECULAR GENETIC MARKERS IN GOAT BREEDING","authors":"МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧНІ Маркери, У Козівництві, М. Л. Добрянська, Інститут розведення, і генетики, тварин імені, М.В. Зубця, Наан Чубинське, M. Dobryanska, Бразилія, Один із факторів, особливого інтересу, нині до козячого, молока є, виробництво продук, тів дитячого, харчування. Порівняно","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of the genetic structure of the goat population by candidate genes associated with indicators of animal development and milk productivity is a promising direction, because the developing industry requires the introduction of advanced research methods. The use of methods of molecular genetic analysis can supplement breeding work to create optimally productive herds. In this connection, research is actively being conducted to study the influence of milk protein and hormone gene polymorphisms on milk productivity. \u0000Materials and methods of research. This work was carried out as a search for molecular genetic markers of productive traits in goat breeding, based on research in the world scientific literature on this topic. \u0000Research results. Goat breeding is an important branch of world animal husbandry. Goats are bred in all parts of the world, but the distribution of breeds in terms of productivity varies depending on the consumption tradition. For example, Europe is characterized by a predominance of dairy breeds, in Asia combined breeds, and in Africa meat breeds of goats are most often bred. The largest population of goats is kept in Asia and Africa. Significant producers of goat milk in the world are India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sudan. Global production of goat meat has increased by 41.66% over the past few years. Asia has the largest contribution to total meat production (70.7%). The leader in meat production is China, which produces 35.89% of goat meat from the entire world production. Goat breeding is widespread due to the ability of small cattle to easily adapt to different management systems and the ability to adapt to various climatic conditions and features of the terrain. A review of the world scientific literature confirms the fact that countries with significant demographic growth are most interested in selection work in goat breeding, taking into account genotyping by allelic variants of candidate genes for productive traits. \u0000Conclusions. As a result of the work, two proteins associated with quality indicators of milk were selected as candidate genes for productive traits: kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin, and two hormones that indirectly affect the growth and development of animals: leptin and somatotropin. The article briefly describes their functions in the body and the localization of the corresponding loci in the genome of animals. These markers are widely used for researching populations of cattle, goats and sheep in the world. This search for molecular genetic markers is aimed at carrying out similar studies in Ukraine to promote selection work in goat breeding.","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87930243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
О. V. Korkh, V. Petrash, I. Pomitun, L. Pomitun, O. I. Smetana
Introduction. Breeding of rabbits is the one of the promising branches that occupies a special position in modern animal husbandry. Rabbits are characterized by high fertility and early maturity. A short pregnancy period and the ability of rabbits to combine the physiological periods of lactation and gestation make it possible to obtain more than 30 rabbits and 70 kg of meat per year from a female rabbit. At the same time, one of the key factors that prevents the comprehensive realization of the genetic potential of female productivity is the deterioration of their reproductive capacity. In this sense, the use of phytobiotics in feeding is considered a promising way to solve the problem in order to prevent unproductive losses of the brood stock during pregnancy and birth. Taking this into account, the purpose of the conducted research was to determine the expediency and effectiveness of using dioecious nettle flour in the alimentation of rabbits in the direction of improving parameters of female reproductive capacity, preservation and growth of young before weaning. The realization of the set goal involved the use of a complex of generally accepted zootechnical and statistical research methods. Three groups of female rabbits in the gestation, each with three heads were formed during the process of justifying the set goal. The difference in feeding was in the method of nutritional intervention of the phytosupplement made from nettle: I group – restriction of phytosupplement consumption, II and III groups – consumption of phytosupplement. In the course of exploratory studies, the optimal dosage of nettle flour for their compound feed was substantiated in the amount of 10% versus 3.5 and 15%. From the offspring obtained from the offspring itself, three groups of young animals with 4 heads in the skin were formed: I – consumption of phytosupplements from the 21st day after birth, II group – consumption of phytosupplements through the placental route via the mother's body. , III – consumption of phytonutrients placental in the mother’s womb and orally from the 21st day after birth. Research results. It was established that the fertility itself ranged from 5 to 8 rabbits in the nest, while a total of 56 viable rabbits were obtained in the offspring. However, a higher average yield of rabbits, including live ones, per female that gave birth of a doe rabbit was noted in group III. According to this indicator, they exceeded their peers in the II and I groups by 16.7% and 23.5%, respectively, whose productivity was almost the same, ranging from 5.67 to 6.00 offspring. Despite this, no probable difference between them was found during the biometric processing of the obtained results. The number of stillborn rabbits of the II group was 2 heads or 11.1%, I – 3 heads or 17.6% of the natural offspring, while the III group of animals was characterized by increased survival of the obtained offspring, in which such individuals were not registered. The weight of
{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF FEMALES AND GROWTH OF YOUNG RABBITS USING DIOECIOUSLY NETTLE FLOUR IN FEEDING","authors":"О. V. Korkh, V. Petrash, I. Pomitun, L. Pomitun, O. I. Smetana","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Breeding of rabbits is the one of the promising branches that occupies a special position in modern animal husbandry. Rabbits are characterized by high fertility and early maturity. A short pregnancy period and the ability of rabbits to combine the physiological periods of lactation and gestation make it possible to obtain more than 30 rabbits and 70 kg of meat per year from a female rabbit. \u0000At the same time, one of the key factors that prevents the comprehensive realization of the genetic potential of female productivity is the deterioration of their reproductive capacity. In this sense, the use of phytobiotics in feeding is considered a promising way to solve the problem in order to prevent unproductive losses of the brood stock during pregnancy and birth. Taking this into account, the purpose of the conducted research was to determine the expediency and effectiveness of using dioecious nettle flour in the alimentation of rabbits in the direction of improving parameters of female reproductive capacity, preservation and growth of young before weaning. \u0000The realization of the set goal involved the use of a complex of generally accepted zootechnical and statistical research methods. Three groups of female rabbits in the gestation, each with three heads were formed during the process of justifying the set goal. The difference in feeding was in the method of nutritional intervention of the phytosupplement made from nettle: I group – restriction of phytosupplement consumption, II and III groups – consumption of phytosupplement. In the course of exploratory studies, the optimal dosage of nettle flour for their compound feed was substantiated in the amount of 10% versus 3.5 and 15%. From the offspring obtained from the offspring itself, three groups of young animals with 4 heads in the skin were formed: I – consumption of phytosupplements from the 21st day after birth, II group – consumption of phytosupplements through the placental route via the mother's body. , III – consumption of phytonutrients placental in the mother’s womb and orally from the 21st day after birth. \u0000Research results. It was established that the fertility itself ranged from 5 to 8 rabbits in the nest, while a total of 56 viable rabbits were obtained in the offspring. However, a higher average yield of rabbits, including live ones, per female that gave birth of a doe rabbit was noted in group III. According to this indicator, they exceeded their peers in the II and I groups by 16.7% and 23.5%, respectively, whose productivity was almost the same, ranging from 5.67 to 6.00 offspring. Despite this, no probable difference between them was found during the biometric processing of the obtained results. The number of stillborn rabbits of the II group was 2 heads or 11.1%, I – 3 heads or 17.6% of the natural offspring, while the III group of animals was characterized by increased survival of the obtained offspring, in which such individuals were not registered. The weight of","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72607604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. V. Kruhliak, I. Martynyuk, N. M. Chornoostrovets, M. Kulakova
The global dairy sector has been significantly impacted in recent years, with experts assessing the consequences as a serious threat to the food security of the world's population. The biggest destabilising factors for the industry were the effects of the pandemic, war, inflation and high energy prices. Despite the steady increase in demand for milk, there is currently no trend towards a recovery in production growth. Dairy producers are under constant pressure from the above factors, resulting in lower margins, difficult access to competitive capital, and constant adaptation to new regulations. In the current political, economic and climatic conditions, one of the possible ways to increase the profitability of the dairy industry as a major incentive to increase production is the widespread introduction of innovative technological approaches to milk production. The purpose of the article is to assess the state and trends in the implementation of innovative technological solutions in dairy farming in Ukraine on the example of Ukrainian breeding dairy farms. Research results. In order to ensure the survival of the national dairy industry during the active military phase, as well as its rapid development in the post-war period, created a Roadmap for the restoration of the dairy industry. The Roadmap is primarily aimed at ensuring sustainable long-term development of the dairy industry; creation and operation of highly efficient and financially sustainable dairy farms; stimulating the construction of modern dairy enterprises with widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing the international competitiveness of the industry. Our research has shown that in recent years, the dynamics of modernisation processes in Ukrainian dairy farming has accelerated. In particular, in the Holstein herds, the productivity of cows kept in dairy complexes increased by 1882 kg per cow, or 470 kg per year on average, in 2016–2020. At the same time, increasing the efficiency of milk production through the introduction of innovative technological solutions will result in a mega-trend of farm consolidation in the future. For example, in the US, 50.3% of milk is produced at industrial large-scale dairies with more than 1.000 cows, where the latest science and technology is used. The influence of the factor of production concentration on the efficiency of the use of breeding animals of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeds was studied. The average number of cows in the controlled breeding herds of dairy breeds in Ukraine (n = 350) in 2019 was 400 cows. The average milk yield per cow was 7.540 kg. According to the results of the analysis, as the number of cows in the farms grows, economic indicators such as revenue, profitability, and profitability increase. Conclusions. In recent years, a quarter of breeding farms for the most numerous specialised dairy breeds have been involved in the innovation process in pedigree dairy cattle breeding, with more than 50% of
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND TRENDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN BREEDING DAIRY FARMS OF UKRAINE","authors":"O. V. Kruhliak, I. Martynyuk, N. M. Chornoostrovets, M. Kulakova","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.08","url":null,"abstract":"The global dairy sector has been significantly impacted in recent years, with experts assessing the consequences as a serious threat to the food security of the world's population. The biggest destabilising factors for the industry were the effects of the pandemic, war, inflation and high energy prices. Despite the steady increase in demand for milk, there is currently no trend towards a recovery in production growth. Dairy producers are under constant pressure from the above factors, resulting in lower margins, difficult access to competitive capital, and constant adaptation to new regulations. In the current political, economic and climatic conditions, one of the possible ways to increase the profitability of the dairy industry as a major incentive to increase production is the widespread introduction of innovative technological approaches to milk production. \u0000The purpose of the article is to assess the state and trends in the implementation of innovative technological solutions in dairy farming in Ukraine on the example of Ukrainian breeding dairy farms. \u0000Research results. In order to ensure the survival of the national dairy industry during the active military phase, as well as its rapid development in the post-war period, created a Roadmap for the restoration of the dairy industry. The Roadmap is primarily aimed at ensuring sustainable long-term development of the dairy industry; creation and operation of highly efficient and financially sustainable dairy farms; stimulating the construction of modern dairy enterprises with widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing the international competitiveness of the industry. \u0000Our research has shown that in recent years, the dynamics of modernisation processes in Ukrainian dairy farming has accelerated. In particular, in the Holstein herds, the productivity of cows kept in dairy complexes increased by 1882 kg per cow, or 470 kg per year on average, in 2016–2020. \u0000At the same time, increasing the efficiency of milk production through the introduction of innovative technological solutions will result in a mega-trend of farm consolidation in the future. For example, in the US, 50.3% of milk is produced at industrial large-scale dairies with more than 1.000 cows, where the latest science and technology is used. The influence of the factor of production concentration on the efficiency of the use of breeding animals of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeds was studied. The average number of cows in the controlled breeding herds of dairy breeds in Ukraine (n = 350) in 2019 was 400 cows. The average milk yield per cow was 7.540 kg. According to the results of the analysis, as the number of cows in the farms grows, economic indicators such as revenue, profitability, and profitability increase. \u0000Conclusions. In recent years, a quarter of breeding farms for the most numerous specialised dairy breeds have been involved in the innovation process in pedigree dairy cattle breeding, with more than 50% of ","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75064207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kryvoruchko, S. Nahornyi, V. Prudnikov, І. V. Korkh
Introduction. Preservation of the gene pool of domestic meat breeds is an extremely urgent task in the field of meat cattle breeding. Today, those meat breeds of cattle that were created during the years of Ukraine's independence are on the verge of complete extinction - Ukrainian meat, Volynska meat, and Znamyan types of Poliska meat breed. Livestock of the gray Ukrainian breed - a valuable national treasure that was bred for three centuries and has valuable productive properties that are absent in animals of modern breeds - there is also a small amount left. Materials and methods of research. The loss of domestic breeds is a significant decrease in the unique genetic diversity of livestock, which leads to a significant dependence of the meat and livestock industry on foreign breeding resources. In this sense, the determination of the current state and further prospects of their breeding acquires the significance of the state level. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of the materials of the state register of breeding subjects in animal husbandry for the years 2017–2021, data from reports on the certification of meat cattle in the farms of Ukraine, and methods of systematic generalization and graphic, analytical, and comparative statistical methods were used.Research results. Research has established that the situation with beef livestock in Ukraine is extremely difficult. The total number of meat breeds in 2021 was 24.393 heads, including 10.549 cows. Compared to 2017, the total number of these livestock decreased by 18.3% (5.482 heads), including cows – by 4.5% (500 heads). Instead, in 2021, the herd decreased sharply. Thus, as of January 1, 2022, the total number of meat breeds was 20.364, i.e., compared to last year, it decreased by 4.029 (16.6%).Compared to 2017, the total number of these livestock decreased by 18.3% (5.482 heads), including cows – by 4.5% (500 heads). Among breeds of foreign selection, an increase in the population was noted for Aberdeen Angus by 14.4% (995 heads), Limousins - by 116.9% (1197 heads), Charolais - by 67.5% (689 heads), Herefords - by 56.6% (112 heads).Only the number of meat Simmentals and Aquitaine breed decreased by 32.0 and 20.5%, respectively. A sharp decrease in the number of Ukrainian meat breed from 1.918 heads to 630 heads or by 67.2% was established; Poliska meat breed - from 5.784 heads to 2.463 heads or by 57.4%; Volynska meat breed - from 6.553 heads to 2.971 heads or by 54.7%. Despite this, a significant positive increase in the population of Ukrainian gray cattle was observed during the studied period. A breed that was practically lost has hope for revival. If in 2017 its number was 919 heads, then in 2021 it increased by 14.0% and is 1048 heads. However, the number of cows decreased by 2.3% and reached 346 cows in 2021. If in 2017, 48.4% of enterprises were engaged in the breeding of breeding cattle of foreign selection, and 51.8% of domestic ones, then in 2021 farms bre
{"title":"CURRENT STATE OF THE GENE FUND OF BEEF BREEDS IN UKRAINE","authors":"Y. Kryvoruchko, S. Nahornyi, V. Prudnikov, І. V. Korkh","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.06","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Preservation of the gene pool of domestic meat breeds is an extremely urgent task in the field of meat cattle breeding. Today, those meat breeds of cattle that were created during the years of Ukraine's independence are on the verge of complete extinction - Ukrainian meat, Volynska meat, and Znamyan types of Poliska meat breed. Livestock of the gray Ukrainian breed - a valuable national treasure that was bred for three centuries and has valuable productive properties that are absent in animals of modern breeds - there is also a small amount left. \u0000Materials and methods of research. The loss of domestic breeds is a significant decrease in the unique genetic diversity of livestock, which leads to a significant dependence of the meat and livestock industry on foreign breeding resources. In this sense, the determination of the current state and further prospects of their breeding acquires the significance of the state level. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of the materials of the state register of breeding subjects in animal husbandry for the years 2017–2021, data from reports on the certification of meat cattle in the farms of Ukraine, and methods of systematic generalization and graphic, analytical, and comparative statistical methods were used.Research results. Research has established that the situation with beef livestock in Ukraine is extremely difficult. The total number of meat breeds in 2021 was 24.393 heads, including 10.549 cows. Compared to 2017, the total number of these livestock decreased by 18.3% (5.482 heads), including cows – by 4.5% (500 heads). Instead, in 2021, the herd decreased sharply. Thus, as of January 1, 2022, the total number of meat breeds was 20.364, i.e., compared to last year, it decreased by 4.029 (16.6%).Compared to 2017, the total number of these livestock decreased by 18.3% (5.482 heads), including cows – by 4.5% (500 heads). Among breeds of foreign selection, an increase in the population was noted for Aberdeen Angus by 14.4% (995 heads), Limousins - by 116.9% (1197 heads), Charolais - by 67.5% (689 heads), Herefords - by 56.6% (112 heads).Only the number of meat Simmentals and Aquitaine breed decreased by 32.0 and 20.5%, respectively. A sharp decrease in the number of Ukrainian meat breed from 1.918 heads to 630 heads or by 67.2% was established; Poliska meat breed - from 5.784 heads to 2.463 heads or by 57.4%; Volynska meat breed - from 6.553 heads to 2.971 heads or by 54.7%. Despite this, a significant positive increase in the population of Ukrainian gray cattle was observed during the studied period. A breed that was practically lost has hope for revival. If in 2017 its number was 919 heads, then in 2021 it increased by 14.0% and is 1048 heads. However, the number of cows decreased by 2.3% and reached 346 cows in 2021. If in 2017, 48.4% of enterprises were engaged in the breeding of breeding cattle of foreign selection, and 51.8% of domestic ones, then in 2021 farms bre","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73871832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Voitenko, O. Sydorenko, M. Petrenko, P. Korol, N. H. Cherniak
Introduction. The production of milk from dairy cows in Ukraine is increasingly consistent with the introduction of modern volume-planning and technological solutions, which are based on light-type premises, a tetherless box system for keeping cows of the same type, throughout the year, feeding from the feed table with full-rational fodder mixtures, milking – in milking hall on the "Parallel", "Carousel", "Jalynka" type installations, as well as on robotic milking systems without human participation. But despite the advantages of modern technology, a large number of farms continue to use high-cost traditional technologies for milk production, with a tethered system of keeping cows and milking in stalls into the milk duct. Therefore, the aim of the work was to determine the conditions under which cattle of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed show the highest level of productivity. Research materials and methods. An analysis of methods of keeping and milking of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows in controlled herds was carried out based on the materials of the information database of the dairy management system of the MS "Intesel-Orsek", which were divided by milk production technologies. Progressive technology is defined as keeping cows untethered throughout the year in pavilion-type premises, with the same type of feeding from feed tables, milking in the milking hall on different types of equipment (n = 4), and traditional – tethered keeping of cows during the stall period in cowsheds, feeding depending on productivity, milking in stalls on UDM "Molokoprovid" type installations (n = 4). The level of development of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of cows was determined by population genetic parameters. Research results. As a result of a comparative analysis of milk yield, fat content, and milk fat of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows, which produced milk during I–VIII lactations under progressive technology with the same ones, but under traditional technology, it was established that during the first seven lactations, the exploitation of cows in provides higher productivity in comfortable conditions. It was established that the yield of cows under industrial technology increased until the third lactation, during which the largest amount of milk was obtained – 6855 kg, and decreased from IV to VIII lactation. In the conditions of progressive technology, cows from the second to the seventh lactation produced a larger amount of milk, compared to the first by 352–789 kg (Р ≤ 0.001), except for VIII. Cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, which produced milk according to traditional technology, showed a slightly different pattern regarding the level of milk yield with increasing age in lactation. Their hope increased from the first to the fourth lactation by 959 kg (P ≤ 0.001), but tended to decrease from the fifth to the eighth lactation by 411 kg with no significant difference. At the same time, even dur
{"title":"MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF COWS DEPENDS ON DIFFERENT MILK PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"S. Voitenko, O. Sydorenko, M. Petrenko, P. Korol, N. H. Cherniak","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The production of milk from dairy cows in Ukraine is increasingly consistent with the introduction of modern volume-planning and technological solutions, which are based on light-type premises, a tetherless box system for keeping cows of the same type, throughout the year, feeding from the feed table with full-rational fodder mixtures, milking – in milking hall on the \"Parallel\", \"Carousel\", \"Jalynka\" type installations, as well as on robotic milking systems without human participation. But despite the advantages of modern technology, a large number of farms continue to use high-cost traditional technologies for milk production, with a tethered system of keeping cows and milking in stalls into the milk duct. \u0000Therefore, the aim of the work was to determine the conditions under which cattle of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed show the highest level of productivity. \u0000Research materials and methods. An analysis of methods of keeping and milking of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy cows in controlled herds was carried out based on the materials of the information database of the dairy management system of the MS \"Intesel-Orsek\", which were divided by milk production technologies. Progressive technology is defined as keeping cows untethered throughout the year in pavilion-type premises, with the same type of feeding from feed tables, milking in the milking hall on different types of equipment (n = 4), and traditional – tethered keeping of cows during the stall period in cowsheds, feeding depending on productivity, milking in stalls on UDM \"Molokoprovid\" type installations (n = 4). \u0000The level of development of milk productivity and reproductive capacity of cows was determined by population genetic parameters. \u0000Research results. As a result of a comparative analysis of milk yield, fat content, and milk fat of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows, which produced milk during I–VIII lactations under progressive technology with the same ones, but under traditional technology, it was established that during the first seven lactations, the exploitation of cows in provides higher productivity in comfortable conditions. \u0000It was established that the yield of cows under industrial technology increased until the third lactation, during which the largest amount of milk was obtained – 6855 kg, and decreased from IV to VIII lactation. In the conditions of progressive technology, cows from the second to the seventh lactation produced a larger amount of milk, compared to the first by 352–789 kg (Р ≤ 0.001), except for VIII. \u0000Cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, which produced milk according to traditional technology, showed a slightly different pattern regarding the level of milk yield with increasing age in lactation. Their hope increased from the first to the fourth lactation by 959 kg (P ≤ 0.001), but tended to decrease from the fifth to the eighth lactation by 411 kg with no significant difference. At the same time, even dur","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81381056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. In cattle breeding the increase in live weight gains is an important factor in the growth of the industry's efficiency. Ethological characteristics of animals play a significant role in this process. The purpose of the work is to find out the peculiarities of the behavior of bull-calfs of the Gray Ukrainian breed in untethered housing and its relationship with live weight gains. The results of studies of the ethological characteristics of bull- calfs of the Gray Ukrainian breed and their the dynamics of live mass in early ontogenesis under the conditions of untethered keeping in walking areas are presented. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out at the SЕ RF «Polyvanivka» SE of the NAAS (Dnipropetrovsk region) – a breeding plant for breeding gray ukrainian cattle. Ethological assessment of animals was carried out taking into account feeding, braking and motor behavior, functional activity indices (T) were calculated. The development of animals was evaluated by the live weight of newborn calves at 12 and 15 months of age, average daily gains were calculated, the level of correlations between traits and the strength of the influence of feeding behavior on productivity were determined according to generally accepted methods. Research results. During the research period (from 8:00 to 8:00), young animals spent 10.3% of the total observation time moving around the corral. Moreover, motor activity changed during the day, which increased between 11:00–12:00 p.m. and 17:00–18:00. They spent 38.5% of the observation time on rest. Animals spent 210 minutes or 29% of the time lying down (resting and chewing) preferring a dry, straw-covered floor. This fact must be taken into account in order to ensure comfortable conditions for animals. Young have good indicators of individual development. The average live weight of newborn, 8- and 15-month-old bulls-calfs was 27.5 ± 0.20 kg, 175.2 ± 0.20 kg and 347.3 ± 5.50 kg, respectively. The average daily gain for the period from birth to 15 months of age was 0.710 ± 0 0121 kg. When dividing the animals into classes according to their foraging behavior, a significant reliable difference between the groups and the duration of foraging was established. Thus, the young belonging to the class M+ spent more time "eating fodder", eating "juicy" and "juicy + coarse" fodder compared to peers from the class M-. The indicators of the index of functional activity in them were higher by 0.0868 units (Р > 0.999), 0.051 (Р > 0.99) and 0.0254 untis (P > 0,95), respectively. According to other ethological reactions, the difference is insignificant or unreliable. In accordance with this, the indicators of the development of animals of the Gray Ukrainian breed of cattle at the age of 15 months were established. The research results show that the highest average indicators of live weight (376.7 ± 4.01 kg) and average daily gains (0.775 ± 0.0091 kg) are characterized by 15-month-old bull-calfs, wh
幼龄动物的觅食行为与其15月龄时的活重高度相关。性状对间关系为:“吃饲料”ד活重”- r = 0.95 (Р > 0.999)，“吃多汁饲料”ד活重”- r = 0.65 (Р > 0.999)，“吃多汁+粗饲料”ד活重”- r = 0.59 (Р > 0.999)。饲粮消耗更活跃的公牛-小牛(M+;T = 0.3889±0.00359);T = 0.3021±0.00961)15月龄活重指标提高58.4 kg (Р > 0.999)，平均日增重提高0.128 kg (Р > 0.999)。
{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF THE BEHAVIOR OF BULLS-CALFS OF UKRAINIAN GRAY BREED AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LIVE WEIGHT GAINS","authors":"V. Kozyr, O. Denysiuk","doi":"10.31073/abg.65.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.65.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In cattle breeding the increase in live weight gains is an important factor in the growth of the industry's efficiency. Ethological characteristics of animals play a significant role in this process. The purpose of the work is to find out the peculiarities of the behavior of bull-calfs of the Gray Ukrainian breed in untethered housing and its relationship with live weight gains. The results of studies of the ethological characteristics of bull- calfs of the Gray Ukrainian breed and their the dynamics of live mass in early ontogenesis under the conditions of untethered keeping in walking areas are presented. Materials and methods of research. The research was carried out at the SЕ RF «Polyvanivka» SE of the NAAS (Dnipropetrovsk region) – a breeding plant for breeding gray ukrainian cattle. Ethological assessment of animals was carried out taking into account feeding, braking and motor behavior, functional activity indices (T) were calculated. \u0000The development of animals was evaluated by the live weight of newborn calves at 12 and 15 months of age, average daily gains were calculated, the level of correlations between traits and the strength of the influence of feeding behavior on productivity were determined according to generally accepted methods. Research results. During the research period (from 8:00 to 8:00), young animals spent 10.3% of the total observation time moving around the corral. Moreover, motor activity changed during the day, which increased between 11:00–12:00 p.m. and 17:00–18:00. They spent 38.5% of the observation time on rest. Animals spent 210 minutes or 29% of the time lying down (resting and chewing) preferring a dry, straw-covered floor. This fact must be taken into account in order to ensure comfortable conditions for animals. Young have good indicators of individual development. The average live weight of newborn, 8- and 15-month-old bulls-calfs was 27.5 ± 0.20 kg, 175.2 ± 0.20 kg and 347.3 ± 5.50 kg, respectively. The average daily gain for the period from birth to 15 months of age was 0.710 ± 0 0121 kg. \u0000When dividing the animals into classes according to their foraging behavior, a significant reliable difference between the groups and the duration of foraging was established. Thus, the young belonging to the class M+ spent more time \"eating fodder\", eating \"juicy\" and \"juicy + coarse\" fodder compared to peers from the class M-. The indicators of the index of functional activity in them were higher by 0.0868 units (Р > 0.999), 0.051 (Р > 0.99) and 0.0254 untis (P > 0,95), respectively. According to other ethological reactions, the difference is insignificant or unreliable. In accordance with this, the indicators of the development of animals of the Gray Ukrainian breed of cattle at the age of 15 months were established. The research results show that the highest average indicators of live weight (376.7 ± 4.01 kg) and average daily gains (0.775 ± 0.0091 kg) are characterized by 15-month-old bull-calfs, wh","PeriodicalId":54885,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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