Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1109/mvt.2023.3297282
Katrin Sjoberg
Research on the next generation of cellular technology, called 6G , is ramping up rapidly all over the world. Now is the time to influence what should be in and what should be out under the 6G umbrella. The European Union (EU) has earmarked €900 million (∼US$974 million) for research and innovation for 6G spread over seven years (2021–2028), and the EU is expecting the industry to invest the same amount of money. But is it possible to continue on the same tangent into the future for cellular networks? Cellular technology has transformed the lives of people, but have we reached the end of the transformation?
{"title":"Is 6G the Last G? [Connected and Automated Vehicles]","authors":"Katrin Sjoberg","doi":"10.1109/mvt.2023.3297282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2023.3297282","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the next generation of cellular technology, called <italic xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">6G</i>\u0000, is ramping up rapidly all over the world. Now is the time to influence what should be in and what should be out under the 6G umbrella. The European Union (EU) has earmarked €900 million (∼US$974 million) for research and innovation for 6G spread over seven years (2021–2028), and the EU is expecting the industry to invest the same amount of money. But is it possible to continue on the same tangent into the future for cellular networks? Cellular technology has transformed the lives of people, but have we reached the end of the transformation?","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1109/mvt.2023.3300608
Javier Gozalvez
This issue of IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine includes 10 open-call articles addressing nonterrestrial networks (NTNs), artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless communications, the convergence of the metaverse and mobility systems, free-space optical (FSO) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, maneuver coordination for cooperative driving and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and mobile charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs).
{"title":"Welcome to the September 2023 Issue [From the Editor]","authors":"Javier Gozalvez","doi":"10.1109/mvt.2023.3300608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2023.3300608","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of <italic xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine</i> includes 10 open-call articles addressing nonterrestrial networks (NTNs), artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless communications, the convergence of the metaverse and mobility systems, free-space optical (FSO) vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, maneuver coordination for cooperative driving and connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and mobile charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs).","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1109/mvt.2023.3283059
Bih-Yuan Ku
Reports on public rail transportation projects that are being developed and launched around the world.
关于世界各地正在开发和启动的公共轨道交通项目的报告。
{"title":"September 2023 Land Transportation News [Transportation Systems]","authors":"Bih-Yuan Ku","doi":"10.1109/mvt.2023.3283059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2023.3283059","url":null,"abstract":"Reports on public rail transportation projects that are being developed and launched around the world.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1109/mvt.2023.3284170
Claudio Casetti
As the world anticipates the arrival of 6G networks, the spotlight is increasingly turning toward innovative technologies that can push the boundaries of wireless connectivity even further. Among these transformative technologies, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a promising solution that holds immense potential to revolutionize wireless communication in the 6G era.
{"title":"Spotlight on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces [Mobile Radio]","authors":"Claudio Casetti","doi":"10.1109/mvt.2023.3284170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2023.3284170","url":null,"abstract":"As the world anticipates the arrival of 6G networks, the spotlight is increasingly turning toward innovative technologies that can push the boundaries of wireless connectivity even further. Among these transformative technologies, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a promising solution that holds immense potential to revolutionize wireless communication in the 6G era.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49695969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2023.3289302
Ran Wang, Hui Wang, Kun Zhu, Changyan Yi, P. Wang, D. Niyato
Electric vehicles (EVs) are one important enabler for the evolution of sustainable transportation sector. However, one major barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs is their limited battery capacity and the excessive time required to fully charge depleted batteries. Although techniques such as charging with a rapid charger and battery swapping may partially alleviate such concerns, the corresponding high capital investment may not be profitable for areas with low EV adoption rates. Moreover, the diversified charging demands of randomly distributed EVs, both spatially and temporally, restrict high-quality services from current fixed charging stations (FCSs). To resolve such challenges, mobile charging services (MCSs) have been investigated as a supplemental charging method for EVs, wherein energy replenishment is provided by mobile charging vehicles (MCVs). Under the framework of the Internet of EVs (IoEV), this article describes the concept of MCSs and investigates their charging merits under some distinct charging scenarios, e.g., real-time response service and emergency rescue service. A case study concerning real-time response services is investigated to illustrate the influence of MCSs on the current charging system. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of MCSs to improve the quality of charging service by reducing the average service time and service acceptance ratio. Finally, technical challenges, future research issues, and possible methodologies regarding the MCSs for EVs are discussed.
{"title":"Mobile Charging Services for the Internet of Electric Vehicles: Concepts, Scenarios, and Challenges","authors":"Ran Wang, Hui Wang, Kun Zhu, Changyan Yi, P. Wang, D. Niyato","doi":"10.1109/MVT.2023.3289302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2023.3289302","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) are one important enabler for the evolution of sustainable transportation sector. However, one major barrier to the widespread adoption of EVs is their limited battery capacity and the excessive time required to fully charge depleted batteries. Although techniques such as charging with a rapid charger and battery swapping may partially alleviate such concerns, the corresponding high capital investment may not be profitable for areas with low EV adoption rates. Moreover, the diversified charging demands of randomly distributed EVs, both spatially and temporally, restrict high-quality services from current fixed charging stations (FCSs). To resolve such challenges, mobile charging services (MCSs) have been investigated as a supplemental charging method for EVs, wherein energy replenishment is provided by mobile charging vehicles (MCVs). Under the framework of the Internet of EVs (IoEV), this article describes the concept of MCSs and investigates their charging merits under some distinct charging scenarios, e.g., real-time response service and emergency rescue service. A case study concerning real-time response services is investigated to illustrate the influence of MCSs on the current charging system. Simulation results demonstrate the ability of MCSs to improve the quality of charging service by reducing the average service time and service acceptance ratio. Finally, technical challenges, future research issues, and possible methodologies regarding the MCSs for EVs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49343185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2023.3262907
Kan Zheng, Haojun Yang, Ziqiang Ying, Pengshuo Wang, L. Hanzo
Beamforming techniques have been widely used in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands to mitigate the path loss of mm-wave radio links as narrow straight beams by directionally concentrating the signal energy. However, traditional mm-wave beam management algorithms usually require excessive channel state information (CSI) overhead, leading to extremely high computational and communication costs. This hinders the widespread deployment of mm-wave communications. By contrast, the revolutionary vision-assisted beam management system concept employed at base stations (BSs) can select the optimal beam for the target user equipment (UE), based on location information determined by machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to visual data, without requiring channel information. In this article, we present a comprehensive framework for a vision-assisted mm-wave beam management system, its typical deployment scenarios, and the specifics of the framework. Then, some of the challenges faced by this system and their efficient solutions are discussed from the perspective of ML. Next, a new simulation platform is conceived to provide both visual and wireless data for model validation and performance evaluation. Our simulation results indicate that vision-assisted beam management is indeed attractive for next-generation wireless systems.
{"title":"Vision-Assisted Millimeter-Wave Beam Management for Next-Generation Wireless Systems: Concepts, Solutions, and Open Challenges","authors":"Kan Zheng, Haojun Yang, Ziqiang Ying, Pengshuo Wang, L. Hanzo","doi":"10.1109/MVT.2023.3262907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2023.3262907","url":null,"abstract":"Beamforming techniques have been widely used in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands to mitigate the path loss of mm-wave radio links as narrow straight beams by directionally concentrating the signal energy. However, traditional mm-wave beam management algorithms usually require excessive channel state information (CSI) overhead, leading to extremely high computational and communication costs. This hinders the widespread deployment of mm-wave communications. By contrast, the revolutionary vision-assisted beam management system concept employed at base stations (BSs) can select the optimal beam for the target user equipment (UE), based on location information determined by machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to visual data, without requiring channel information. In this article, we present a comprehensive framework for a vision-assisted mm-wave beam management system, its typical deployment scenarios, and the specifics of the framework. Then, some of the challenges faced by this system and their efficient solutions are discussed from the perspective of ML. Next, a new simulation platform is conceived to provide both visual and wireless data for model validation and performance evaluation. Our simulation results indicate that vision-assisted beam management is indeed attractive for next-generation wireless systems.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43397554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2023.3289630
Safwan Alfattani, Wael Jaafar, H. Yanikomeroglu, A. Yongaçoğlu
The high-altitude platform station (HAPS) concept has recently received notable attention from both industry and academia to support future wireless networks. A HAPS can be equipped with fifth-generation (5G) and beyond technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Hence, it is expected that HAPS will support numerous applications in both rural and urban areas. However, this comes at the expense of high energy consumption and thus shorter loitering time. To tackle this issue, we envision the use of a multimode HAPS that can adaptively switch among different modes so as to reduce energy consumption and extend the HAPS loitering time. These modes comprise a HAPS super macro base station (HAPS-SMBS) mode for enhanced computing, caching, and communication services; a HAPS relay station (HAPS-RS) mode for active communication; and a HAPS-RIS mode for passive communication. This multimode HAPS ensures that operations rely mostly on the passive communication payload, while switching to an energy-greedy active mode only when necessary. In this article, we begin with a brief review of HAPS features compared with other nonterrestrial systems, followed by an exposition of the different HAPS modes proposed. Subsequently, we illustrate the envisioned multimode HAPS and discuss its benefits and challenges. Finally, we validate the multimode efficiency through a case study.
{"title":"Multimode High-Altitude Platform Stations for Next-Generation Wireless Networks: Selection Mechanism, Benefits, and Potential Challenges","authors":"Safwan Alfattani, Wael Jaafar, H. Yanikomeroglu, A. Yongaçoğlu","doi":"10.1109/MVT.2023.3289630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2023.3289630","url":null,"abstract":"The high-altitude platform station (HAPS) concept has recently received notable attention from both industry and academia to support future wireless networks. A HAPS can be equipped with fifth-generation (5G) and beyond technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). Hence, it is expected that HAPS will support numerous applications in both rural and urban areas. However, this comes at the expense of high energy consumption and thus shorter loitering time. To tackle this issue, we envision the use of a multimode HAPS that can adaptively switch among different modes so as to reduce energy consumption and extend the HAPS loitering time. These modes comprise a HAPS super macro base station (HAPS-SMBS) mode for enhanced computing, caching, and communication services; a HAPS relay station (HAPS-RS) mode for active communication; and a HAPS-RIS mode for passive communication. This multimode HAPS ensures that operations rely mostly on the passive communication payload, while switching to an energy-greedy active mode only when necessary. In this article, we begin with a brief review of HAPS features compared with other nonterrestrial systems, followed by an exposition of the different HAPS modes proposed. Subsequently, we illustrate the envisioned multimode HAPS and discuss its benefits and challenges. Finally, we validate the multimode efficiency through a case study.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46739573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2023.3263329
Shuyan Hu, Xinnan Yuan, Wei Ni, Xin Wang, A. Jamalipour
The applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled visual monitoring span the areas of public security, nature resilience, and disaster rescue. Covertness can play an indispensable role in applications demanding UAVs to be unnoticeable by targets, e.g., tailing and interception and police surveillance. This article discusses the types and technical challenges of visual camouflage for UAV-based surveillance. A particular interest is given to an agile disguising method, which adopts both distance keeping and elevation changing and confuses the target by constantly changing its relative position in the target’s view. The path design of the UAV monitor is nonstraightforward under this disguising approach due to nonconvex disguise objectives, UAV propulsion power, and control dynamics. A new control framework is presented to plan and refine the trajectory of the UAV monitor online. The framework employs model predictive control (MPC) to decompose the control decisions between slots, mitigating the impact of the inaccurate prediction of the target’s path and allowing the planned trajectory to be refined online. Simulations validate the merits of the new framework over the benchmark approach with no camouflage and demonstrate the different performances of fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs on a covert video surveillance mission.
{"title":"Visual Camouflage and Online Trajectory Planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Disguised Video Surveillance: Recent Advances and a Case Study","authors":"Shuyan Hu, Xinnan Yuan, Wei Ni, Xin Wang, A. Jamalipour","doi":"10.1109/MVT.2023.3263329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2023.3263329","url":null,"abstract":"The applications of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled visual monitoring span the areas of public security, nature resilience, and disaster rescue. Covertness can play an indispensable role in applications demanding UAVs to be unnoticeable by targets, e.g., tailing and interception and police surveillance. This article discusses the types and technical challenges of visual camouflage for UAV-based surveillance. A particular interest is given to an agile disguising method, which adopts both distance keeping and elevation changing and confuses the target by constantly changing its relative position in the target’s view. The path design of the UAV monitor is nonstraightforward under this disguising approach due to nonconvex disguise objectives, UAV propulsion power, and control dynamics. A new control framework is presented to plan and refine the trajectory of the UAV monitor online. The framework employs model predictive control (MPC) to decompose the control decisions between slots, mitigating the impact of the inaccurate prediction of the target’s path and allowing the planned trajectory to be refined online. Simulations validate the merits of the new framework over the benchmark approach with no camouflage and demonstrate the different performances of fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAVs on a covert video surveillance mission.","PeriodicalId":55004,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49071763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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