Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3332241
{"title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3332241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3332241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139326600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3306780
Barbara Ainsworth
In November 1949, a team led by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard ran the first successful tests on their digital computer designated CSIR/CSIRO Mark 1, later to be called CSIRAC, at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics, Sydney, Australia. It was part of the first generation of new electronic digital computers with stored programming built in the 1940s and the first computer in Australia. This article examines original documentation and retrospective articles to gain an insight into the provenance of ideas for the development of this significant machine. Correspondence shows that the team had limited access to overseas research but did maintain personal contacts with several international scientists, including Douglas Hartree. The early reports and later articles demonstrate that the Australian team combined their own knowledge and skills, with some input from overseas sources, to design and build an electronic digital computer in the 1940s.
{"title":"Trevor Pearcey and the development of CSIRAC – An Australian first-generation computer","authors":"Barbara Ainsworth","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3306780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3306780","url":null,"abstract":"In November 1949, a team led by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard ran the first successful tests on their digital computer designated CSIR/CSIRO Mark 1, later to be called CSIRAC, at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics, Sydney, Australia. It was part of the first generation of new electronic digital computers with stored programming built in the 1940s and the first computer in Australia. This article examines original documentation and retrospective articles to gain an insight into the provenance of ideas for the development of this significant machine. Correspondence shows that the team had limited access to overseas research but did maintain personal contacts with several international scientists, including Douglas Hartree. The early reports and later articles demonstrate that the Australian team combined their own knowledge and skills, with some input from overseas sources, to design and build an electronic digital computer in the 1940s.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62454641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3295541
{"title":"Write for Annals","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3295541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3295541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3306609
{"title":"Computing in Science & Engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3306609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3306609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3295547
{"title":"ComputingEdge","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3295547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3295547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3306608
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3306608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3306608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/MAHC.2023.3285142
Hans-Christian von Herrmann
The essay proposes a “literary” perspective on the history of artificial intelligence. On the one hand, this means a literary-historical retrospective of the decades since the Second World War, but it also emphasizes the basic probabilistic trait of artificial intelligence, which becomes recognizable especially against the background of current technological developments. The space of literature is the horizon of possibility that accompanies what is real for man in early modern times and to which his activity is directed. When “intelligent machines” today turn to their environment in the mode of mathematical conjecture, this marks not only an epistemic, but also an anthropological caesura.
{"title":"Literature and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Hans-Christian von Herrmann","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.2023.3285142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2023.3285142","url":null,"abstract":"The essay proposes a “literary” perspective on the history of artificial intelligence. On the one hand, this means a literary-historical retrospective of the decades since the Second World War, but it also emphasizes the basic probabilistic trait of artificial intelligence, which becomes recognizable especially against the background of current technological developments. The space of literature is the horizon of possibility that accompanies what is real for man in early modern times and to which his activity is directed. When “intelligent machines” today turn to their environment in the mode of mathematical conjecture, this marks not only an epistemic, but also an anthropological caesura.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"45 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46621949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/MAHC.2023.3300660
B. Copeland
This article presents an overview of Turing's early contributions to machine intelligence, together with a summary of his influence on other early practitioners. Following his famous work on the Entscheidungsproblem in the 1930s, Turing staked out the field of machine intelligence during the 1940s. His wartime Bombe used what we now call heuristic search to do work requiring intelligence when done by humans. In key papers in 1948 and 1950 he discussed search, learning, robotics, chess, the theorem-proving approach to AI, the genetic algorithm concept, and artificial neural networks, as well as introducing the Turing test. He influenced the first generation of programmers in Britain, whose pioneering contributions to machine intelligence included work on board games, learning, language-processing, and reasoning—contributions made years before the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined at Dartmouth in 1956.
{"title":"Early AI in Britain: Turing et al.","authors":"B. Copeland","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.2023.3300660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2023.3300660","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of Turing's early contributions to machine intelligence, together with a summary of his influence on other early practitioners. Following his famous work on the Entscheidungsproblem in the 1930s, Turing staked out the field of machine intelligence during the 1940s. His wartime Bombe used what we now call heuristic search to do work requiring intelligence when done by humans. In key papers in 1948 and 1950 he discussed search, learning, robotics, chess, the theorem-proving approach to AI, the genetic algorithm concept, and artificial neural networks, as well as introducing the Turing test. He influenced the first generation of programmers in Britain, whose pioneering contributions to machine intelligence included work on board games, learning, language-processing, and reasoning—contributions made years before the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined at Dartmouth in 1956.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"45 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44035830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/MAHC.2023.3297745
Matthew Cobb
“Mechanization of Thought Process” was an international conference involving researchers from academia, government, industry, and the military that took place in the U.K. in 1958. It saw the first presentation of McCarthy's Advice Taker and of Selfridge's Pandemonium, and one of the first expositions of Rosenblatt's Perceptron, as well as presentations on new programming languages, cybernetic experiments, and simple diagnostic systems. This article describes the conference and the occasionally boisterous debates that took place, drawing out the common challenges faced by researchers at the time, focusing on the relevance of biological models for mechanized systems of thought processing and the difficulty of embodying knowledge or context in a system to enable it to solve problems effectively. Particular attention is paid to the methodological criticisms of work in both machine translation and in what we would now consider to be artificial intelligence made by the Israeli linguist and philosopher Yehoshua Bar-Hillel.
{"title":"The Representation of Knowledge and the Relevance of Biological Models at the Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, 1958","authors":"Matthew Cobb","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.2023.3297745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2023.3297745","url":null,"abstract":"“Mechanization of Thought Process” was an international conference involving researchers from academia, government, industry, and the military that took place in the U.K. in 1958. It saw the first presentation of McCarthy's Advice Taker and of Selfridge's Pandemonium, and one of the first expositions of Rosenblatt's Perceptron, as well as presentations on new programming languages, cybernetic experiments, and simple diagnostic systems. This article describes the conference and the occasionally boisterous debates that took place, drawing out the common challenges faced by researchers at the time, focusing on the relevance of biological models for mechanized systems of thought processing and the difficulty of embodying knowledge or context in a system to enable it to solve problems effectively. Particular attention is paid to the methodological criticisms of work in both machine translation and in what we would now consider to be artificial intelligence made by the Israeli linguist and philosopher Yehoshua Bar-Hillel.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"45 1","pages":"32-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3295531
{"title":"IEEE Quantum Week","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3295531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3295531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135805138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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