Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3324765
Sebastian K. Boell, Peter Thorne
As we prepared the special issue on Oceania for the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, the question arose: What collections of primary data are available that may be used by current and future historians? We noticed the absence of oral histories that capture accounts from early pioneers of computing describing their work as entrepreneurs, researchers, educators, IT journalists, and legislators. First, taking Australia as an example, searching relevant sources yields very little available material (Table 1). This is surprising, for instance, Australia was an early innovator with Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard building one of the first half dozen of computers in the world in Sydney [1], the first computer to play music [2]. Likewise, the first UNIX port happened Down Under [3] and WiFi came out of CSIRO and Radiata. The situation is similar in New Zealand, where there are only limited resources available, namely two small collections in the National Library of New Zealand, recorded for the 25th and 50th anniversaries of the New Zealand Computer Society, respectively (Table 1).
{"title":"Capturing an Oral History of Computing in Australia","authors":"Sebastian K. Boell, Peter Thorne","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3324765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3324765","url":null,"abstract":"As we prepared the special issue on Oceania for the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, the question arose: What collections of primary data are available that may be used by current and future historians? We noticed the absence of oral histories that capture accounts from early pioneers of computing describing their work as entrepreneurs, researchers, educators, IT journalists, and legislators. First, taking Australia as an example, searching relevant sources yields very little available material (Table 1). This is surprising, for instance, Australia was an early innovator with Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard building one of the first half dozen of computers in the world in Sydney [1], the first computer to play music [2]. Likewise, the first UNIX port happened Down Under [3] and WiFi came out of CSIRO and Radiata. The situation is similar in New Zealand, where there are only limited resources available, namely two small collections in the National Library of New Zealand, recorded for the 25th and 50th anniversaries of the New Zealand Computer Society, respectively (Table 1).","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3324596
David Brock
From 2004 to the present, the Computer History Museum has enjoyed and tremendously benefitted from the work of its Software Industry Special Interest Group. The Group continues the work of the Software History Center, founded by Burton Grad and Luanne Johnson. The Group has been responsible for conducting nearly 150 oral histories and bringing important materials into the Museum's collections. The signature accomplishment of the Group has been its historical workshops, convening small groups (20 or fewer) of key participants in some facet of the history of the software industry to recount their personal experiences, and to exchange their views about the history of their field. These workshops are audio or video recorded, with the transcripts (and sometimes the recordings) made freely and publicly accessible by the Museum on the Web. Importantly, these meetings have served as the bedrock for the creation of many special issues of this journal.
{"title":"Documenting CAD History With CHM's Software Industry Special Interest Group","authors":"David Brock","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3324596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3324596","url":null,"abstract":"From 2004 to the present, the Computer History Museum has enjoyed and tremendously benefitted from the work of its Software Industry Special Interest Group. The Group continues the work of the Software History Center, founded by Burton Grad and Luanne Johnson. The Group has been responsible for conducting nearly 150 oral histories and bringing important materials into the Museum's collections. The signature accomplishment of the Group has been its historical workshops, convening small groups (20 or fewer) of key participants in some facet of the history of the software industry to recount their personal experiences, and to exchange their views about the history of their field. These workshops are audio or video recorded, with the transcripts (and sometimes the recordings) made freely and publicly accessible by the Museum on the Web. Importantly, these meetings have served as the bedrock for the creation of many special issues of this journal.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3325497
T. Alex Reid
This article describes some computing initiatives made by members of the University of Western Australia, located in arguably the most isolated capital city in the world. These initiatives center around online and networking capabilities, predominantly arising from the installation, in 1965, of the first time-sharing computer in Australia. This far-sighted, if risky, purchase set the university on a course that led to many more initiatives, encompassing significant computer resource sharing, a ground-breaking online library system, early online education programs, and an early multihost packet-switched network. Most research concerning isolation and innovation suggests that isolation operates as a break on innovation, but the Western Australian experience belies that conclusion.
本文描述了西澳大利亚大学(University of Western Australia)成员提出的一些计算计划，该大学位于可以说是世界上最孤立的首府城市。这些举措主要围绕在线和网络功能，主要源于1965年澳大利亚第一台分时电脑的安装。这项富有远见的收购虽然有风险，但却为哈佛大学开创了一条道路，引发了更多的创新，包括重要的计算机资源共享、开创性的在线图书馆系统、早期的在线教育项目和早期的多主机分组交换网络。大多数关于隔离和创新的研究都表明，隔离对创新起到了抑制作用，但西澳大利亚州的经验却否定了这一结论。
{"title":"Computer Networking Initiatives in One of the World's Remote Cities","authors":"T. Alex Reid","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3325497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3325497","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes some computing initiatives made by members of the University of Western Australia, located in arguably the most isolated capital city in the world. These initiatives center around online and networking capabilities, predominantly arising from the installation, in 1965, of the first time-sharing computer in Australia. This far-sighted, if risky, purchase set the university on a course that led to many more initiatives, encompassing significant computer resource sharing, a ground-breaking online library system, early online education programs, and an early multihost packet-switched network. Most research concerning isolation and innovation suggests that isolation operates as a break on innovation, but the Western Australian experience belies that conclusion.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3324242
Sebastian K. Boell, Janet M. Toland
This special issue explores the histories of computing in the countries of Oceania with reference to the nuanced relationship between the local and the global. Oceania includes Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu [5]. The region comprises indigenous Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian cultures alongside more recent colonial influences. There is notable cultural and linguistic diversity throughout, for example, in Vanuatu alone, more than 100 different languages are spoken [11]. The inhabitants of Oceania have a strong connection with the Pacific Ocean, though many of the countries in the region are tiny island states, their exclusive economic zones include large expanses of ocean territory and associated fishing rights [16]. While Pacific Islanders regard themselves as guardians of their ocean territory, rising sea levels caused by climate change pose a serious threat, especially to the lower lying islands. In terms of global geography, Oceania is often regarded as peripheral, its countries have small populations and economies that are often heavily dependent on raw materials. This peripheral location and the region's colonial heritage influenced attitudes toward the arrival of computing technology.
{"title":"Histories of Computing in Oceania","authors":"Sebastian K. Boell, Janet M. Toland","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3324242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3324242","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue explores the histories of computing in the countries of Oceania with reference to the nuanced relationship between the local and the global. Oceania includes Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu [5]. The region comprises indigenous Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian cultures alongside more recent colonial influences. There is notable cultural and linguistic diversity throughout, for example, in Vanuatu alone, more than 100 different languages are spoken [11]. The inhabitants of Oceania have a strong connection with the Pacific Ocean, though many of the countries in the region are tiny island states, their exclusive economic zones include large expanses of ocean territory and associated fishing rights [16]. While Pacific Islanders regard themselves as guardians of their ocean territory, rising sea levels caused by climate change pose a serious threat, especially to the lower lying islands. In terms of global geography, Oceania is often regarded as peripheral, its countries have small populations and economies that are often heavily dependent on raw materials. This peripheral location and the region's colonial heritage influenced attitudes toward the arrival of computing technology.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3326668
Giovanni A. Cignoni, Sergei P. Prokhorov
The first Soviet digital computers, the M-1 and the MESM, were built in 1951, a few years after their western counterparts. Anecdotal storytelling narrates that Russian scientists learned of electronic computers from Western radio broadcasts and popular magazines that arrived in the Soviet Union. The article examines the plausibility of the legends and tries to reconstruct the origins of the first Soviet computers and the influence of Western projects on more solid bases of historical research.
{"title":"Tracing the Origins of the First Soviet Computers, Beyond Legends","authors":"Giovanni A. Cignoni, Sergei P. Prokhorov","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3326668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3326668","url":null,"abstract":"The first Soviet digital computers, the M-1 and the MESM, were built in 1951, a few years after their western counterparts. Anecdotal storytelling narrates that Russian scientists learned of electronic computers from Western radio broadcasts and popular magazines that arrived in the Soviet Union. The article examines the plausibility of the legends and tries to reconstruct the origins of the first Soviet computers and the influence of Western projects on more solid bases of historical research.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3324764
Brian E. Carpenter
The Bob Doran Museum of Computing at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, was formally opened on 14 July, 2022. The late Professor Robert W. Doran (“Bob”) established his “Computing History Collection,” and its associated timeline display, at the beginning of this century, and continued to develop it until his untimely death in 2018. The museum now spans six levels of the stairwell in Building 303S on the University's City campus, available during weekday working hours. It mainly covers modern computing, starting in the late 1950s, with a focus on New Zealand. Apart from papers and books retained by the University, part of Bob's large collection of old documents has been donated to the library at MOTAT, Auckland's Museum of Transport and Technology, forming the Robert W. Doran Collection. Papers from Bob's years working for the Amdahl Corporation in Sunnyvale, California, have been donated to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.
{"title":"Opening of the Bob Doran Museum of Computing","authors":"Brian E. Carpenter","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3324764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3324764","url":null,"abstract":"The Bob Doran Museum of Computing at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, was formally opened on 14 July, 2022. The late Professor Robert W. Doran (“Bob”) established his “Computing History Collection,” and its associated timeline display, at the beginning of this century, and continued to develop it until his untimely death in 2018. The museum now spans six levels of the stairwell in Building 303S on the University's City campus, available during weekday working hours. It mainly covers modern computing, starting in the late 1950s, with a focus on New Zealand. Apart from papers and books retained by the University, part of Bob's large collection of old documents has been donated to the library at MOTAT, Auckland's Museum of Transport and Technology, forming the Robert W. Doran Collection. Papers from Bob's years working for the Amdahl Corporation in Sunnyvale, California, have been donated to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3327889
Hansen Hsu
Hansen Hsu: Today is Friday, June 2nd, 2023. I am Hansen Hsu, curator here at the Computer History Museum, with Rodney Brooks. So to begin with, let us start with where and when were you born.
{"title":"Oral History of Rodney Brooks","authors":"Hansen Hsu","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3327889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3327889","url":null,"abstract":"Hansen Hsu: Today is Friday, June 2nd, 2023. I am Hansen Hsu, curator here at the Computer History Museum, with Rodney Brooks. So to begin with, let us start with where and when were you born.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3326052
Andrew S. Lea
I met my cadaver before I had met most of my classmates. Like many medical students, I was glad to have anatomy as the first block of medical school. But my reasons were different: Always a bit squeamish, I figured it was better to discover if I was not cut out for medicine early on—before I was in too deep. Over seven weeks, we systematically dissected our assigned cadaver, dutifully following each blade stroke as spelled out in Grant's Dissector. We started with the heart. The face, covered by a damp cloth during the earlier stages of dissection, was saved for the last day. The ostensible reason for this concealment was utilitarian: To prevent the face from desiccating. But I suspect its more significant function, if not aim, was that of depersonalization.
{"title":"Dissecting Data: History of Data as History of the Body","authors":"Andrew S. Lea","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3326052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3326052","url":null,"abstract":"I met my cadaver before I had met most of my classmates. Like many medical students, I was glad to have anatomy as the first block of medical school. But my reasons were different: Always a bit squeamish, I figured it was better to discover if I was not cut out for medicine early on—before I was in too deep. Over seven weeks, we systematically dissected our assigned cadaver, dutifully following each blade stroke as spelled out in Grant's Dissector. We started with the heart. The face, covered by a damp cloth during the earlier stages of dissection, was saved for the last day. The ostensible reason for this concealment was utilitarian: To prevent the face from desiccating. But I suspect its more significant function, if not aim, was that of depersonalization.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3334891
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3334891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3334891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1109/mahc.2023.3305599
Alastair Nisbet
New Zealand has always been a technologically advanced country. With its relatively small size and population, New Zealand accepts new technology rapidly. In late 1977, personal computers finally became available to the public and to schools. The opportunity for the Government to provide schools with clear guidance on purchasing and use of computers, both for teaching purposes and for students to learn to use computers was delayed by a lack of focus and understanding for several years. Two New Zealand academics recognized this opportunity and produced two computers in 1981 designed for education, the Poly series of computers and the Aamber Pegasus. This article examines their place in New Zealand history and in the context of other country's approaches to computers in education, particularly in the years 1977 to 1983. A brief discussion follows of New Zealand designed computer peripherals for the visually impaired that contributed significant technology for this community.
{"title":"Educational Computers in New Zealand Schools: 1977 to 1983","authors":"Alastair Nisbet","doi":"10.1109/mahc.2023.3305599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3305599","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand has always been a technologically advanced country. With its relatively small size and population, New Zealand accepts new technology rapidly. In late 1977, personal computers finally became available to the public and to schools. The opportunity for the Government to provide schools with clear guidance on purchasing and use of computers, both for teaching purposes and for students to learn to use computers was delayed by a lack of focus and understanding for several years. Two New Zealand academics recognized this opportunity and produced two computers in 1981 designed for education, the Poly series of computers and the Aamber Pegasus. This article examines their place in New Zealand history and in the context of other country's approaches to computers in education, particularly in the years 1977 to 1983. A brief discussion follows of New Zealand designed computer peripherals for the visually impaired that contributed significant technology for this community.","PeriodicalId":55033,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62454599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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