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Structure, evolutionary context and chronological data of the Monforte de Moyuela Roman dam (Ebro Basin, NE of Spain) 西班牙东北部埃布罗盆地Monforte de Moyuela罗马坝的结构、演化背景和年代资料
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21953
José Luis Peña-Monné, María Marta Sampietro-Vattuone, Uribe Agudo Paula, Rosario García Giménez, Arsenio Muñoz, David Badia Villas, María Ángeles Magallón Botaya

The Monforte de Moyuela dam, also known as Ermita de la Virgen del Pilar dam, is a Roman reservoir built on a tributary of the Aguasvivas River (Ebro basin, Spain). A multidisciplinary study has been carried out to investigate this kind of Roman water infrastructure. It is the fifth-highest dam (16.8 m) in the Iberian Peninsula and the seventh in the Roman Empire. The initial dam was built ca. 100 B.C.–10 A.D., probably in the period of Augustus, like other nearby Roman dams. It was quickly filled due to the extreme and generalized anthropic degradation in the basin during the Roman period. During the mid-2nd century, the wall was increased in height and its final silting was dated to the early 7th century. The study of the opus caementicium mortars shows constructive differences between the initial and subsequent phases of the wall. These mortars provided charcoal for dating the two phases. In addition, the stratigraphic and edaphological study of the reservoir's sedimentary fill, together with the 14C ages, allowed us to reconstruct the two main activity cycles and the final siltation of the dam. Subsequently, the dam broke in two phases, which created the two stepped sections located on the current valley bottom. The data obtained allowed the creation of a geomorphological map and an evolutionary model of the valley showing the main differentiated stages, from the initial construction of the dam to its final opening. Although some remains of canals downstream of the dam have been identified, the use of this dam, which remained active for several centuries, still needs to be investigated in greater detail.

Monforte de Moyuela大坝,也被称为Ermita de la Virgen del Pilar大坝,是一座建于Aguasvivas河(西班牙Ebro盆地)支流上的罗马水库。一项多学科研究已经开展,以调查这种罗马水基础设施。它是伊比利亚半岛第五高的水坝(16.8米),也是罗马帝国第七高的水坝。最初的大坝大约建于公元前100年至公元10年,可能是在奥古斯都时期,和附近的其他罗马大坝一样。由于罗马时期盆地的极端和普遍的人为退化,它很快被填满。在2世纪中期,城墙的高度有所增加,最后的淤积可以追溯到7世纪初。对水泥砂浆的研究表明,墙的初始阶段和后续阶段之间存在建设性差异。这些灰泥提供了测定这两个阶段年代的木炭。此外,对水库沉积填充物的地层学和土壤学研究,以及14C年龄,使我们能够重建两个主要的活动周期和大坝的最终淤积。随后,大坝分两个阶段决堤,形成了位于现在谷底的两个阶梯式部分。获得的数据可以创建地貌图和山谷的演化模型,显示从大坝最初建设到最终开放的主要不同阶段。虽然已经确定了大坝下游的一些运河遗迹,但这个几个世纪以来一直活跃的大坝的使用情况仍需要进行更详细的调查。
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引用次数: 0
Early medieval human–environment interaction in the context of changes in the hydrological regime in the Upper Vistula valley (Central Europe) 上维斯瓦河谷(中欧)水文状况变化背景下的中世纪早期人类与环境相互作用
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21949
Sylwia Skreczko, Artur Szymczyk, Krzysztof Szopa, Weronika Nadłonek

Human–environment interactions relating to changes in the hydrological system of the Upper Vistula valley are poorly understood. This valley lies in the foreland of the Transcarpathian transition, an area in Central Europe, which is crucial for the migration of people. Using palaeobotanical and geochemical analyses, archaeological data, and data on the river's fluvial activity, we retrace the sequence of environmental changes occurring in the vicinity of the bog in Strumień during the transition between the Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages. The stability of changes in the river valley under the influence of human activity is also assessed. It is shown that:

与上维斯瓦河谷水文系统变化有关的人与环境的相互作用尚不清楚。这个山谷位于跨喀尔巴阡过渡的前陆,这是中欧的一个地区,对人类的迁徙至关重要。利用古植物学和地球化学分析、考古数据和河流活动数据,我们追溯了在铁器时代和中世纪早期过渡期间,斯特鲁米耶奇沼泽附近发生的环境变化序列。对人类活动影响下河谷变化的稳定性进行了评价。结果表明:
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引用次数: 0
Climatic shifts, geomorphic change, ancient routes of migration and adaption in southwestern China: Site formation processes at Luojiaba, Sichuan Province 中国西南地区的气候变化、地貌变化、古迁徙路线与适应——四川罗家坝遗址形成过程
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21950
Junna Zhang, Michael J. Storozum, Weidong Chen, Zongyue Rao, Rebecca Hamilton, Zhexuan Zheng, Zhiyao Chen, Xuetong Yu, Zhengkai Xia

Archaeologists frequently invoke climate change as a driving cause for ancient expansions of human populations, but geomorphic changes can also play an important role in opening or closing routes of migration. In China, archaeological evidence demonstrates that valleys in the Jialing River's watershed were important routes for the movement of Neolithic populations from the catchments of the Yellow River to the Yangtze River. Here, we examine how fluvial geomorphological regime shifts may have also influenced the migration pathways and adaptive strategies of Neolithic people into the Sichuan Basin by using a combination of sedimentological and palynological analysis at Luojiaba, an archaeological site located on one of the eastern tributaries of the Jialing River. The results show that people settled on seasonally stable landforms, including the Zhonghe River floodplain at Luojiaba (5300–4800 cal. B.P.). They carried out fishing and hunting activities on the front edge of the floodplain close to the river channel and built dwelling features on the higher ground at the back edge of the floodplain, which was not affected by seasonal floods. We hypothesize that during the Holocene Climatic Optimum before 5500 cal. B.P., high water levels as well as severe surface erosion caused by a strong East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) blocked pathways into the upper reaches of the Jialing River watershed. Only after a series of cold, dry climate events driven by a decrease in EASM intensity ca. 5500–5000 cal. B.P. did water levels recede significantly. This allowed alluvial aggradation to occur, which created floodplains and terraces along the valley that may have opened a new route for the migration into the Sichuan Basin. Our results reveal the human–environment dynamics surrounding Luojiaba in the uplands of southwestern China and highlight the impact of coupled climatic-geomorphic regime shifts on human settlement and subsistence strategies, across both space and time.

考古学家经常援引气候变化作为古代人口扩张的驱动因素,但地貌变化也可以在开辟或关闭迁徙路线方面发挥重要作用。在中国,考古证据表明,嘉陵江流域的山谷是新石器时代人口从黄河流域迁移到长江流域的重要途径。本文通过对位于嘉陵江东部支流之一的罗家坝考古遗址的沉积学和孢粉学分析,探讨了河流地貌变化如何影响新石器时代人类进入四川盆地的迁移路径和适应策略。结果表明,人类定居在季节稳定的地形上,其中包括罗家坝的中河漫滩(5300-4800 cal)。安塞)。他们在靠近河道的河漫滩前缘进行渔猎活动,在不受季节性洪水影响的河漫滩后缘高地上建造民居。我们假设在5500 cal之前的全新世气候最佳期。在此期间,强东亚夏季风(EASM)造成的高水位和严重的地表侵蚀阻塞了进入嘉陵江流域上游的通道。只有在一系列寒冷、干燥的气候事件后,由东亚季风强度减弱驱动,大约在5500-5000 cal。bp的水位明显下降了。这使得冲积沉积发生,形成了沿山谷的洪泛平原和阶地,这可能为进入四川盆地开辟了一条新的路线。研究结果揭示了中国西南高原罗家坝地区的人类环境动态,并强调了气候-地貌耦合变化对人类定居和生存策略的时空影响。
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引用次数: 0
Novel insights into the sea level evolution along the coast of Bozburun Peninsula (Turkey): A study on submerged Bronze Age harbor in Çamçalık Bozburun半岛(土耳其)沿岸海平面演变的新见解:对Çamçalık青铜时代淹没港口的研究
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21951
Nilhan Kızıldağ, Harun Özdaş, Winfried Held, Giorgio Spada, Daniele Melini

A recent discovery of a Bronze Age harbor site in Çamçalık provides new data for the relative sea level history along the coast of the Bozburun Peninsula over the last 3600 years. In this study, we compared the new and previously published data from nearby sites to determine the long-term relative sea level changes. Further comparison of the observed sea level data and newly produced glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models clarified the tectonic contribution to the relative sea level changes. Our results suggest a nonlinear tectonic subsidence trend in the coastal zone since 3600 B.P. The increase in the relative sea level accelerated over the last 1400 years, mostly due to the seismic events controlled by the tectonic regime of the southeastern Aegean Sea. We can conclude that, as in the past, this active tectonic process will have a major impact on the future sea level evolution of the coastal sector of the Bozburun Peninsula. Notably, our study can be used to understand the historical trend of sea level rise while providing a foundation for future trend prediction.

最近在Çamçalık发现了一个青铜时代的港口遗址,为博兹布伦半岛沿岸过去3600年的相对海平面历史提供了新的数据。在这项研究中,我们比较了来自附近站点的新数据和以前发表的数据,以确定长期相对海平面变化。进一步将观测到的海平面数据与新建立的冰川均衡调整(GIA)模型进行比较,澄清了构造对相对海平面变化的贡献。研究结果表明,近1400年来,爱琴海东南部的地震活动控制了相对海平面的上升,导致了相对海平面的上升速度加快。我们可以得出结论,与过去一样,这一活跃的构造过程将对博兹布伦半岛沿海地区未来的海平面演变产生重大影响。值得注意的是,我们的研究可以用来了解海平面上升的历史趋势,并为未来的趋势预测提供基础。
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引用次数: 0
Rare Holocene sediment deposits from Sodmein Playa (Eastern Desert, Egypt)—Stratigraphic assessment and environmental setting 埃及东部沙漠Sodmein Playa全新世罕见沉积物——地层评价与环境背景
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21946
Felix Henselowsky, Nicole Klasen, Rhys Timms, Dustin White, Paul Lincoln, Simon Blockley, Karin Kindermann, Olaf Bubenzer

Sodmein Playa is one of the rare Pleistocene open-air sites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Based on the associated stone artefact material, it could be assigned to the Middle Stone Age/Last Interglacial. However, it has not yet been possible to clarify whether the sediments at the basin originated during the Pleistocene or later during Holocene wet phases. Our integrative approach combining Optically Stimulated Luminescence chronology, and cryptotephra analysis, allows us to link the environmental archive of Sodmein Playa with the site of Sodmein Cave. Sodmein Playa indicates wetter climate conditions starting around 9 ka with a (relative) maximum around 7 ka, in line with the general framework of the Holocene Humid Period in Northeast Africa. Despite the climatic similarity, regional environmental differences can still be identified and the effective available water around Sodmein Playa is reduced. The results are well integrated into the current archaeological knowledge with the change from hunter-gatherers to herders during the Holocene in the area. Analyses of cryptotephra reveal a wide range of source regions, including Eastern and Central Anatolian, the Azores, and the Aegean, as well as those which remain uncorrelated. A tentative correlation with the Holocene cryptotephra record from Sodmein Cave is established.

Sodmein-Playa是埃及东部沙漠中罕见的更新世露天遗址之一。根据相关的石头人工制品材料,它可以归属于中石器时代/末次冰间期。然而,目前尚不清楚该盆地的沉积物是起源于更新世还是更晚的全新世湿润期。我们的综合方法结合了光激发光年表和隐火分析,使我们能够将索德明海滩的环境档案与索德明洞穴遗址联系起来。Sodmein-Playa表示,从9点左右开始,气候条件更加潮湿 ka,(相对)最大值约为7 ka,符合东北非全新世湿润期的总体框架。尽管气候相似,但仍然可以确定区域环境差异,Sodmein-Playa周围的有效可用水减少。随着该地区全新世从狩猎采集者转变为牧民,这些结果很好地融入了当前的考古知识。对隐斑蝶的分析揭示了广泛的来源地区,包括安纳托利亚东部和中部、亚速尔群岛和爱琴海,以及那些仍然不相关的地区。建立了与索德明洞穴全新世隐火山灰岩记录的初步对比。
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引用次数: 0
A 7000-year record of environmental change: Evolution of Holocene environment and human activities in the Hangjiahu Plain, the lower Yangtze, China 7000年的环境变化记录:长江下游杭家湖平原全新世环境演化与人类活动
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21945
Chengshuangping Zhao, Duowen Mo, Jin Yuxiang, Peng lu, Liu Bin, Ningyuan Wang, Minghui Chen, Yinan Liao, Peng Zhan, Yijie Zhuang

The Hangjiahu Plain in the lower Yangtze is one of the core areas that sustained the flourishment of the Liangzhu Civilization. This study reconstructed Holocene environmental change on the Hangjiahu Plain based on a sediment core collected from the Tangqi ZK-3 location situated on the low-lying Hangzhou-Taihu region of the Yangtze Delta. We applied OSL dating, grain size analysis, pollen analysis, and magnetic susceptibility to reconstruct Holocene environmental change and compared our data with other published results. Our results showed that (i) before ~7.0 ka B.P., the ZK-3 core recorded a strong hydrodynamic force, resulting in the widespread deposition of light grayish silt clay or clayey silt in the region. The climate was warm and humid, and the vegetation was mixed evergreen deciduous coniferous forest. (ii) Between 7.0 and 6.0 ka B.P., the hydrodynamic condition in ZK-3 core became weaker, and the climate remained warm and humid. Although most of the Hangjiahu Plain were still covered by the light grayish silt clay or clayey silt, some higher grounds began to emerge as sea-level rise slowed, which coincided with the development of the Majiabang culture. (iii) Between 6.0 and 4.5 ka B.P., the deposition of yellowish silty clay indicates a shallow-water hydrological environment at ZK-3, as the regional water level was dropping while more land was emerging, which provided a favorable physical environment for the prosperity of the Songze and Liangzhu cultures. The period experienced a drier and cooler climate, with evidence of deforestation. (iv) Between 4.5 and 3.0 ka B.P., the sediments in the ZK-3 core were dominated by light grayish clay, indicative of a return to a deep-water environment with a prolonged waterlogging condition. The climate remained dry and cool with further deforestation. However, the widely distributed yellowish silt clay suggests frequent floods in the region, resulting in a sharp reduction of settlement sites and the eventual decline of the Liangzhu Civilization.

位于长江下游的杭家湖平原是良渚文明持续繁荣的核心地区之一。本文利用长江三角洲杭州太湖低洼地区唐旗ZK‐3沉积物岩心重建了杭嘉湖平原全新世环境变化。我们应用OSL测年、粒度分析、花粉分析和磁化率等方法重建了全新世的环境变化,并与其他已发表的结果进行了比较。结果表明:(1)在~7.0 ka b.p.之前,ZK‐3岩心记录了强烈的水动力,导致该地区广泛沉积浅灰色粉砂或粘质粉砂。气候温暖湿润,植被为常绿落叶针叶林混交林。(ii)在7.0 ~ 6.0 ka b.p.之间,ZK‐3岩心水动力条件变弱,气候保持温暖湿润。杭家湖平原大部分地区仍为浅灰色粉土或粘土质粉土覆盖,但随着海平面上升速度的减慢,一些较高的土地开始出现,这与马家邦文化的发展相吻合。(iii)在6.0 ~ 4.5 ka b.p.之间,淡黄色粉质粘土沉积表明ZK‐3为浅水水文环境,区域水位下降,而更多的土地出现,为松泽和良渚文化的繁荣提供了有利的物理环境。这一时期的气候较为干燥和凉爽,有证据表明森林被砍伐。(iv)在4.5 ~ 3.0 ka b.p.之间,ZK‐3岩心沉积物以浅灰色粘土为主,表明该岩心回到了一个长期内涝的深水环境。由于森林被进一步砍伐,气候仍然干燥凉爽。然而,广泛分布的淡黄色淤泥粘土表明该地区经常发生洪水,导致聚落急剧减少,最终导致良渚文明的衰落。
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引用次数: 1
Trace organic compounds in oxalate rock accretions from the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwestern Texas 得克萨斯州西南部下佩科斯峡谷地草酸盐岩堆积物中的微量有机化合物
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21947
Sarah A. Ginsberg, Logan P. Rayburn, Asya J. Bray, Francisco S. Nuñuz-Parker, Amelia Dowling, Jon Russ

Calcium oxalate-rich rock coatings occur worldwide and commonly occur associated with prehistoric rock paintings. Radiocarbon dates of oxalates that cover or encapsulate rock paints have become the primary strategy for establishing chronologies of these artifacts. It is also apparent that oxalate films form episodically and are governed by particular climate conditions and thus could serve as a paleoclimate proxy. However, the mechanism(s) by which these coatings form remains unresolved. Here, we report on the trace organic composition of oxalate-coating samples from the Lower Pecos Canyonlands in southwestern Texas. The samples contained a suite of dicarboxylic acids that are similar to the organic composition established for atmospheric aerosols. The predominant organic species in aerosols is oxalic acid, which reacts with calcium to form calcium oxalate. This suggests that aerosols could be a mechanism for the production of naturally occurring calcium oxalate on rock surfaces.

富含草酸钙的岩石涂层出现在世界各地,通常与史前岩画有关。覆盖或包裹岩画的草酸盐的放射性碳年代已经成为建立这些文物年代的主要策略。同样明显的是,草酸盐膜是偶然形成的,受特定气候条件的控制,因此可以作为古气候的替代物。然而,形成这些涂层的机制仍未解决。在这里,我们报道了来自德克萨斯州西南部下佩科斯峡谷的草酸盐涂层样品的微量有机成分。这些样品含有一套二羧酸,与为大气气溶胶确定的有机成分相似。气溶胶中主要的有机物是草酸,它与钙反应形成草酸钙。这表明气溶胶可能是岩石表面产生天然草酸钙的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Arroyo formation impacts on an early dryland agricultural community in Northeastern Utah, USA Arroyo地层对美国犹他州东北部早期旱地农业群落的影响
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21942
Judson Byrd Finley, Erick Robinson, R. Justin DeRose

Indigenous Fremont farmers in Cub Creek, a part of northeastern Utah's Dinosaur National Monument, occupied the northern ecological margin of maize cultivation in western North America from A.D. 300 to 1300. Agriculture in Cub Creek was a response to multidecadal precipitation variability, but when precipitation stabilized between A.D. 750 and 1050, agricultural conditions improved and populations expanded to form villages along the floodplains of local dryland streams. Did the very same conditions (i.e., decreased precipitation variability) that allowed the growth of agricultural societies make them simultaneously vulnerable to arroyo formation, a key geomorphic risk to floodplain agriculturalists? Preliminary results from Cub Creek show that rapid sedimentation punctuated by episodic arroyo formation characterized the last 2000 years. We use stratigraphic and chronological evidence formalized in a Bayesian age model to develop a set of working hypotheses that a 2.5 m-deep discontinuous arroyo formed before either A.D. 1020 or A.D. 1275. The earlier age corresponds with occupation of the Cub Creek village, while the later age corresponds with the end of Fremont agriculture in Cub Creek, and demonstrates regional synchronicity with arroyo formation across the Colorado Plateau. A second arroyo formed before A.D. 1490, indicating rapid alluvial cycling in Cub Creek. We conclude that floodplain instability and arroyo formation combined with the return of the dominant multidecadal precipitation variability regime beginning at A.D. 1050 was a key constraint on the growth potential of local populations. These findings have potential implications for the development of early Indigenous dryland agricultural systems throughout the interior of western North America.

库伯克里克是犹他州东北部恐龙国家纪念碑的一部分,当地的弗里蒙特土著农民从公元300年到1300年占据了北美西部玉米种植的北部生态边缘。Cub Creek的农业是对多年降水变化的反应,但当降水在公元750年至1050年之间稳定下来时,农业条件得到改善,人口扩大,并沿着当地旱地溪流的洪泛平原形成村庄。是否正是同样的条件(即降水变异性的减少)使得农业社会的发展同时容易受到阿罗约形成的影响,而阿罗约形成是洪泛区农业学家面临的主要地貌风险?幼仔溪的初步结果表明,在过去的2000年里,快速沉积被断断续续的阿罗约形成所打断。我们利用贝叶斯年龄模型中形成的地层和年代学证据,提出了一套可行的假设,即在公元1020年或1275年之前形成了一个2.5米深的不连续阿罗约。较早的时代对应于Cub Creek村庄的占领,而较晚的时代对应于Cub Creek地区Fremont农业的结束,并与横跨科罗拉多高原的arroyo地层具有区域同步性。第二个阿罗约形成于公元1490年之前,表明在Cub Creek有快速的冲积循环。我们认为,漫滩的不稳定性和阿罗约的形成,加上从公元1050年开始的主导的多年降水变率的回归,是限制当地人口增长潜力的关键因素。这些发现对整个北美西部内陆地区早期土著旱地农业系统的发展具有潜在的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing different machine-learning techniques to date Nile Delta sediments based on portable X-ray fluorescence data 基于便携式X射线荧光数据比较不同的机器学习技术来确定尼罗河三角洲沉积物的年代
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21939
Martin Seeliger, Andreas Ginau, Marina Altmeyer, Pascal Neis, Robert Schiestl, Jürgen Wunderlich

Geomorphology generally aims to describe and investigate the processes that lead to the formation of landscapes, while geochronology is needed to detect their timing and duration. Due to restrictions on exporting geological samples from Egypt, modern geoscientific studies in the Nile Delta lack the possibility of dating the investigated sediments and geological features by standard techniques such as OSL or AMS 14C; therefore, this study aims to validate a new approach using machine-learning algorithms on portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) data. Archaeologically dated sediments from the archaeological excavations of Buto (Tell el-Fara'in; on-site) that pXRF analyses have geochemically characterized serve as training data for running and comparing Neural Nets, Random Forests, and single-decision trees. The established pXRF fingerprints are transferred via machine-learning algorithms to set up a chronology for undated sediments from sediment cores (i.e., the test data) of the nearby surroundings (off-site). Neural Nets and Random Forests work fine in dating sediments and deliver the best classification results compared with single-decision trees, which struggle with outliers and tend to overfit the training data. Furthermore, Random Forests can be modeled faster and are easier to understand than the complex, less transparent Neural Nets. Therefore, Random Forests provide the best algorithm for studies like this. Furthermore, river features east of Kom el-Gir are dated to pre-Ptolemaic times (before 332 B.C.) when Kom el-Gir had possibly not yet been settled. The research in this paper shows the success of close interactions from various scientific disciplines (Geoinformatics, Physical Geography, Archaeology, Ancient History) to decipher landscape evolution in the long-term-settled Nile Delta's environs using machine learning. With the approach's design and the possibility of integrating many other geographical/sedimentological methods, this study demonstrates the potential of the methodological approach to be applied in other geoscientific fields.

地貌学通常旨在描述和研究导致景观形成的过程,而地质年代学则需要检测其时间和持续时间。由于对从埃及出口地质样本的限制,尼罗河三角洲的现代地球科学研究缺乏通过OSL或AMS 14C等标准技术确定所调查沉积物和地质特征年代的可能性;因此,本研究旨在验证一种在便携式X射线荧光(pXRF)数据上使用机器学习算法的新方法。pXRF分析具有地球化学特征的Buto(Tell el‐Fara'in;现场)考古发掘的考古年代沉积物可作为运行和比较神经网络、随机森林和单决策树的训练数据。通过机器学习算法传输建立的pXRF指纹,以从附近环境(场外)的沉积物岩芯(即测试数据)中建立未注明日期的沉积物的年代表。与单决策树相比,神经网络和随机森林在沉积物年代测定方面表现良好,并提供了最好的分类结果,单决策树与异常值作斗争,并倾向于过度拟合训练数据。此外,随机森林可以比复杂、不太透明的神经网络更快地建模,更容易理解。因此,随机森林为这类研究提供了最好的算法。此外,Kom el‐Gir以东的河流特征可追溯到托勒密时代之前(公元前332年之前),当时Kom el‑Gir可能尚未定居。本文的研究表明,来自各个科学学科(地理信息学、自然地理、考古学、古代史)的密切互动成功地利用机器学习破译了长期定居的尼罗河三角洲环境中的景观演变。通过该方法的设计和整合许多其他地理/沉积学方法的可能性,本研究证明了该方法在其他地球科学领域的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Linking anthropogenic burning activities to magnetic susceptibility: Studies at Brazilian archaeological sites 将人为燃烧活动与磁化率联系起来:对巴西考古遗址的研究
IF 1.7 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21941
Daniel V. de Sousa, Maria J. Rodet, Déborah Duarte-Talim, Wenceslau G. Teixeira, André Prous, Bruno N. Vasconcelos, Edithe Pereira

This study provides the first survey of Brazilian magnetic susceptibility (MS) data from varying archaeological and geological contexts, including open-air sites, quartzite, and limestone rockshelters, and Amazonian dark earths. Our MS analyses associated with archaeological findings allow us to propose MS values as proxies of intense anthropogenic burning activities for archaeological sites with (i) systematic use of large hearth lit in the same places; (ii) systematic burns and highly diverse uses; (iii) higher diversity use with few fire activities and knapping playing an essential role; and (iv) incipient human activities and the initial use of the archaeological site. Our data are limited to understanding anthropogenic burning activities and cannot be extended to reveal other archaeological aspects. The results have implications for understanding human occupation in a large area with numerous archaeological sites. This study was the first step in distinguishing archaeological fires from natural fires and provided a new perspective for further research that attempts to identify distinct types of human fires.

这项研究首次调查了不同考古和地质背景下的巴西磁化率(MS)数据,包括露天场地、石英岩和石灰石岩石避难所以及亚马逊暗地球。我们与考古发现相关的MS分析使我们能够提出MS值,作为考古遗址强烈的人为燃烧活动的指标,其中(i)在相同的地方系统地使用大型炉灶;(ii)系统性烧伤和高度多样化的用途;(iii)更高的多样性使用,很少有火灾活动和砍伐发挥重要作用;以及(iv)人类早期活动和考古遗址的初步使用。我们的数据仅限于了解人为燃烧活动,不能扩展到揭示其他考古方面。研究结果对理解人类在拥有众多考古遗址的大面积地区的占领具有启示意义。这项研究是区分考古火灾和自然火灾的第一步,为进一步研究试图识别不同类型的人类火灾提供了新的视角。
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Geoarchaeology-An International Journal
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