Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2026482
K. Pisanski, G. Bryant, C. Cornec, Andrey Anikin, D. Reby
Until recently, human nonverbal vocalisations such as cries, laughs, screams, moans, and groans have received relatively little attention in the human behavioural sciences. Yet these vocal signals are ubiquitous in human social interactions across diverse cultures and may represent a missing link between relatively fixed nonhuman animal vocalisations and highly flexible human speech. Here, we review converging empirical evidence that the acoustic structure (“forms”) of these affective vocal sounds in humans reflect their evolved biological and social “functions”. Human nonverbal vocalisations thus largely parallel the form-function mapping found in the affective calls of other animals, such as play vocalisations, distress cries, and aggressive roars, pointing to a homologous nonverbal vocal communication system shared across mammals, including humans. We aim to illustrate how this form-function approach can provide a solid framework for making predictions, including about cross-species and cross-cultural universals or variations in the production and perception of nonverbal vocalisations. Despite preliminary evidence that key features of human vocalisations may indeed be universal and develop reliably across distinct cultures, including small-scale societies, we emphasise the important role of vocal control in their production among humans. Unlike most other terrestrial mammals including nonhuman primates, people can flexibly manipulate vocalisations, from conversational laughter and fake pleasure moans to exaggerated roar-like threat displays. We discuss how human vocalisations may thus represent the cradle of vocal control, a precursor of human speech articulation, providing important insight into the origins of speech. Finally, we describe how ground-breaking parametric synthesis technologies are now allowing researchers to create highly naturalistic, yet fully experimentally controlled vocal stimuli to directly test hypotheses about form and function in nonverbal vocalisations, opening the way for a new era of voice sciences.
{"title":"Form follows function in human nonverbal vocalisations","authors":"K. Pisanski, G. Bryant, C. Cornec, Andrey Anikin, D. Reby","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2022.2026482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2022.2026482","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, human nonverbal vocalisations such as cries, laughs, screams, moans, and groans have received relatively little attention in the human behavioural sciences. Yet these vocal signals are ubiquitous in human social interactions across diverse cultures and may represent a missing link between relatively fixed nonhuman animal vocalisations and highly flexible human speech. Here, we review converging empirical evidence that the acoustic structure (“forms”) of these affective vocal sounds in humans reflect their evolved biological and social “functions”. Human nonverbal vocalisations thus largely parallel the form-function mapping found in the affective calls of other animals, such as play vocalisations, distress cries, and aggressive roars, pointing to a homologous nonverbal vocal communication system shared across mammals, including humans. We aim to illustrate how this form-function approach can provide a solid framework for making predictions, including about cross-species and cross-cultural universals or variations in the production and perception of nonverbal vocalisations. Despite preliminary evidence that key features of human vocalisations may indeed be universal and develop reliably across distinct cultures, including small-scale societies, we emphasise the important role of vocal control in their production among humans. Unlike most other terrestrial mammals including nonhuman primates, people can flexibly manipulate vocalisations, from conversational laughter and fake pleasure moans to exaggerated roar-like threat displays. We discuss how human vocalisations may thus represent the cradle of vocal control, a precursor of human speech articulation, providing important insight into the origins of speech. Finally, we describe how ground-breaking parametric synthesis technologies are now allowing researchers to create highly naturalistic, yet fully experimentally controlled vocal stimuli to directly test hypotheses about form and function in nonverbal vocalisations, opening the way for a new era of voice sciences.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2024265
Cecilia M. Muthoka, Henrik Andrén, Justine M. Nyaga, Evelina Augustsson, P. Kjellander
The wild boar population has increased rapidly during the last 2 decades in Southern and Central Sweden. This rise in population size has caused severe damages to agricultural fields through their foraging behavior. Given the hierarchical nature of habitat and resource selection, wildlife management needs to understand the selection on both levels to better understand the ecology of nuisance species and mitigate the damages they infer. Thus, there is an urgent need for more knowledge on the factors that influence habitat selection as a tool in the evidence-based management of wild boar to reduce the losses they cause in the agricultural sector. This study aims to evaluate a common management action (feeding stations) influencing wild boar selection of (1) habitats and (2) resources i.e., crop types, in South-Central Sweden during summer. Eleven wild boars were fitted with GPS/GSM-collars to record movement among different habitats and crops. Wild boar shows a high preference for clear-cuts, agricultural fields, and deciduous forests. The animals showed a high preference for crop fields with oat, spring wheat, and mixed crops. A binary logistic model revealed both a positive and negative significant influence of distance to feeding stations on the selection of different habitats and crop fields. In general, feeding stations influenced the selection of different habitats and crops negatively i.e., the closer a habitat or crop field is to a feeding station, the higher the likelihood of its selection. The study recommends adjustments to wild boar management and cropping systems to reduce damages on highly selected crop fields.
{"title":"Effect of supplemental feeding on habitat and crop selection by wild boar in Sweden","authors":"Cecilia M. Muthoka, Henrik Andrén, Justine M. Nyaga, Evelina Augustsson, P. Kjellander","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2024265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2024265","url":null,"abstract":"The wild boar population has increased rapidly during the last 2 decades in Southern and Central Sweden. This rise in population size has caused severe damages to agricultural fields through their foraging behavior. Given the hierarchical nature of habitat and resource selection, wildlife management needs to understand the selection on both levels to better understand the ecology of nuisance species and mitigate the damages they infer. Thus, there is an urgent need for more knowledge on the factors that influence habitat selection as a tool in the evidence-based management of wild boar to reduce the losses they cause in the agricultural sector. This study aims to evaluate a common management action (feeding stations) influencing wild boar selection of (1) habitats and (2) resources i.e., crop types, in South-Central Sweden during summer. Eleven wild boars were fitted with GPS/GSM-collars to record movement among different habitats and crops. Wild boar shows a high preference for clear-cuts, agricultural fields, and deciduous forests. The animals showed a high preference for crop fields with oat, spring wheat, and mixed crops. A binary logistic model revealed both a positive and negative significant influence of distance to feeding stations on the selection of different habitats and crop fields. In general, feeding stations influenced the selection of different habitats and crops negatively i.e., the closer a habitat or crop field is to a feeding station, the higher the likelihood of its selection. The study recommends adjustments to wild boar management and cropping systems to reduce damages on highly selected crop fields.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89404152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2026481
J. C. Cuestas Carrillo, D. Santana, C. Prado
Parental care increases offspring survival, but may be costly for parents, reducing future survival and reproduction. Offspring attendance may increase predation risk, or reduce food intake, mating opportunities, and reproductive rate of parents. Anurans exhibit a great diversity of parental care behaviours and offer an opportunity to investigate the costs and benefits of parenting. Here, we measured the body condition of females of the Neotropical frog Leptodactylus podicipinus during tadpole attendance. By comparing attending and non-attending females, we tested the hypothesis that females providing care will have reduced body condition and food ingestion. Although fat body mass did not differ, attending females had significantly lower body mass, ovary mass, and stomach volume after 6 days of care. Overall, attending females may lose up to 40% of body mass due to parental care, while non-attending females gain mass. Although 27% of attending females had empty stomachs, prey diversity was higher. Additionally, the higher proportion of aquatic hemipterans and spiders preyed on by attending females may be explained by different microhabitat use and active protection of offspring. Our results indicate that parental care has the potential to affect future reproduction of females via reduction in body condition and food intake. Studies have shown the benefits related to offspring survival in anurans, but few addressed the costs to parents. By evaluating the potential costs of parenting in a frog species with aquatic tadpoles for the first time, our study contributes to fill this gap. Studies investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in different lineages of frogs will improve our knowledge on the evolution of parenting in this highly diverse group.
{"title":"Body condition of females during tadpole attendance and its potential costs in a Neotropical foam-nesting frog (Leptodactylus podicipinus)","authors":"J. C. Cuestas Carrillo, D. Santana, C. Prado","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2022.2026481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2022.2026481","url":null,"abstract":"Parental care increases offspring survival, but may be costly for parents, reducing future survival and reproduction. Offspring attendance may increase predation risk, or reduce food intake, mating opportunities, and reproductive rate of parents. Anurans exhibit a great diversity of parental care behaviours and offer an opportunity to investigate the costs and benefits of parenting. Here, we measured the body condition of females of the Neotropical frog Leptodactylus podicipinus during tadpole attendance. By comparing attending and non-attending females, we tested the hypothesis that females providing care will have reduced body condition and food ingestion. Although fat body mass did not differ, attending females had significantly lower body mass, ovary mass, and stomach volume after 6 days of care. Overall, attending females may lose up to 40% of body mass due to parental care, while non-attending females gain mass. Although 27% of attending females had empty stomachs, prey diversity was higher. Additionally, the higher proportion of aquatic hemipterans and spiders preyed on by attending females may be explained by different microhabitat use and active protection of offspring. Our results indicate that parental care has the potential to affect future reproduction of females via reduction in body condition and food intake. Studies have shown the benefits related to offspring survival in anurans, but few addressed the costs to parents. By evaluating the potential costs of parenting in a frog species with aquatic tadpoles for the first time, our study contributes to fill this gap. Studies investigating the costs and benefits of parental care in different lineages of frogs will improve our knowledge on the evolution of parenting in this highly diverse group.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87111939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-28DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2026480
Andrea Ferrari, J. Motta-Junior, J. Siqueira
The foraging behavior of tyrant flycatchers (Aves Tyrannidae) is characterized by a stereotyped way of “search-and-capture” with subtle interspecific variations related to morphological and ecological factors. In this study, we quantified the foraging behavior of Cock-tailed tyrant (Alectrurus tricolor), Streamer-tailed tyrant (Gubernetes yetapa), Gray monjita (Nengetus cinereus), and White-rumped monjita (Xolmis velatus) in the dry and wet seasons to determine whether these species use foraging maneuvers, search time and the distances moved from one unsuccessful perch to a new perch (give-up flight) in different proportions between the 2 seasons. We also studied whether the foraging behavior of Cock-tailed tyrant is influenced by the sex and age of the individual. Our results indicated the birds change their behavior between the dry and wet seasons. Aerial hawking was predominantly used by Cock-tailed tyrant and Streamer-tailed tyrant during both seasons, but by White-rumped monjita only during the wet season. Perch-to-ground was the predominant hunting strategy for Gray monjita during both seasons and for White-rumped monjita during the dry season. We found Cock-tailed tyrant and White-rumped monjita covered greater distances during the wet season, when environmental conditions are more favorable, which may be related to breeding requirements.
{"title":"Seasonal variation in the foraging behavior of neotropical tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) in a Cerrado fragment, Brazil","authors":"Andrea Ferrari, J. Motta-Junior, J. Siqueira","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2022.2026480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2022.2026480","url":null,"abstract":"The foraging behavior of tyrant flycatchers (Aves Tyrannidae) is characterized by a stereotyped way of “search-and-capture” with subtle interspecific variations related to morphological and ecological factors. In this study, we quantified the foraging behavior of Cock-tailed tyrant (Alectrurus tricolor), Streamer-tailed tyrant (Gubernetes yetapa), Gray monjita (Nengetus cinereus), and White-rumped monjita (Xolmis velatus) in the dry and wet seasons to determine whether these species use foraging maneuvers, search time and the distances moved from one unsuccessful perch to a new perch (give-up flight) in different proportions between the 2 seasons. We also studied whether the foraging behavior of Cock-tailed tyrant is influenced by the sex and age of the individual. Our results indicated the birds change their behavior between the dry and wet seasons. Aerial hawking was predominantly used by Cock-tailed tyrant and Streamer-tailed tyrant during both seasons, but by White-rumped monjita only during the wet season. Perch-to-ground was the predominant hunting strategy for Gray monjita during both seasons and for White-rumped monjita during the dry season. We found Cock-tailed tyrant and White-rumped monjita covered greater distances during the wet season, when environmental conditions are more favorable, which may be related to breeding requirements.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88279451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.1988722
K. Graham, G. Badihi, Alexandra Safryghin, Charlotte Grund, C. Hobaiter
Over the last 30 years, most research on non-human primate gestural communication has been produced by psychologists, which has shaped the questions asked and the methods used. These researchers have drawn on concepts from philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, and ethology, but despite these broad influences the field has neglected to situate gestures into the socio-ecological context in which the diverse species, individuals, and social-units exist. In this review, we present current knowledge about great ape gestural communication in terms of repertoires, meanings, and development. We fold this into a conversation about variation in other types of ape social behaviour to identify areas for future research on variation in gestural communication. Given the large variation in socio-ecological factors across species and social-units (and the individuals within these groups), we may expect to find different preferences for specific gesture types; different needs for communicating specific meanings; and different rates of encountering specific contexts. New tools, such as machine-learning based automated movement tracking, may allow us to uncover potential variation in the speed and form of gesture actions or parts of gesture actions. New multi-group multi-generational datasets provide the opportunity to apply analyses, such as Bayesian modelling, which allows us to examine these rich behavioural landscapes. Together, by expanding our questions and our methods, researchers may finally be able to study great ape gestures from the perspective of the apes themselves and explore what this gestural communication system reveals about apes’ thinking and experience of their world.
{"title":"A socio-ecological perspective on the gestural communication of great ape species, individuals, and social units","authors":"K. Graham, G. Badihi, Alexandra Safryghin, Charlotte Grund, C. Hobaiter","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.1988722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.1988722","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 30 years, most research on non-human primate gestural communication has been produced by psychologists, which has shaped the questions asked and the methods used. These researchers have drawn on concepts from philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, and ethology, but despite these broad influences the field has neglected to situate gestures into the socio-ecological context in which the diverse species, individuals, and social-units exist. In this review, we present current knowledge about great ape gestural communication in terms of repertoires, meanings, and development. We fold this into a conversation about variation in other types of ape social behaviour to identify areas for future research on variation in gestural communication. Given the large variation in socio-ecological factors across species and social-units (and the individuals within these groups), we may expect to find different preferences for specific gesture types; different needs for communicating specific meanings; and different rates of encountering specific contexts. New tools, such as machine-learning based automated movement tracking, may allow us to uncover potential variation in the speed and form of gesture actions or parts of gesture actions. New multi-group multi-generational datasets provide the opportunity to apply analyses, such as Bayesian modelling, which allows us to examine these rich behavioural landscapes. Together, by expanding our questions and our methods, researchers may finally be able to study great ape gestures from the perspective of the apes themselves and explore what this gestural communication system reveals about apes’ thinking and experience of their world.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79779598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2024268
A. Reed, Matthew S. Lattanzio
The evolutionary significance of color expression in animals is often framed within either an interspecific (e.g., antipredator display) or intraspecific (e.g., mate choice) context. In part, this dichotomy stems from assumptions that the expression of conspicuous sexually selected traits likely hinders survival in the wild. Here we address the potential for natural and sexual selection to reinforce expression of a conspicuous tail bar pattern in zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus draconoides). In C. draconoides, display of this tail bar pattern has historically been considered an interspecific signal to deter predator pursuit. However, a putative honest link between the tail bar pattern and escape likelihood (e.g., sprint speed) is unknown. Further, studies on related taxa also support the potential for this trait to be informative as a signal of individual quality during mating interactions as well. We assessed variation in the morphology of male and female C. draconoides, and then evaluated how variation in morphology (emphasizing the tail bar pattern) contributed to variation in performance (sprint capacity) and, for males, variation in female preference. Males were larger than females, but size was unrelated to variation in tail bar number. Males sprinted faster than females overall, but tail bar number only mattered for males: specifically, males with more tail bars sprinted faster. Females also preferred males with more tail bars. Overall, our findings suggest that natural (mediated via an honest link between bar number and sprint speed) and sexual (mediated via a preference for males with more tail bars) selection may mutually reinforce expression of a color signal. Thus, the potential adaptive benefits of a color signal may span intra- and interspecific contexts. For males at least, the tail bar pattern is useful for both deterring the pursuit of predators as well as attracting the attention of potential mates.
{"title":"Deterring predator pursuit and attracting potential mates? The conspicuous melanized tail display of the zebra-tailed lizard","authors":"A. Reed, Matthew S. Lattanzio","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2024268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2024268","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary significance of color expression in animals is often framed within either an interspecific (e.g., antipredator display) or intraspecific (e.g., mate choice) context. In part, this dichotomy stems from assumptions that the expression of conspicuous sexually selected traits likely hinders survival in the wild. Here we address the potential for natural and sexual selection to reinforce expression of a conspicuous tail bar pattern in zebra-tailed lizards (Callisaurus draconoides). In C. draconoides, display of this tail bar pattern has historically been considered an interspecific signal to deter predator pursuit. However, a putative honest link between the tail bar pattern and escape likelihood (e.g., sprint speed) is unknown. Further, studies on related taxa also support the potential for this trait to be informative as a signal of individual quality during mating interactions as well. We assessed variation in the morphology of male and female C. draconoides, and then evaluated how variation in morphology (emphasizing the tail bar pattern) contributed to variation in performance (sprint capacity) and, for males, variation in female preference. Males were larger than females, but size was unrelated to variation in tail bar number. Males sprinted faster than females overall, but tail bar number only mattered for males: specifically, males with more tail bars sprinted faster. Females also preferred males with more tail bars. Overall, our findings suggest that natural (mediated via an honest link between bar number and sprint speed) and sexual (mediated via a preference for males with more tail bars) selection may mutually reinforce expression of a color signal. Thus, the potential adaptive benefits of a color signal may span intra- and interspecific contexts. For males at least, the tail bar pattern is useful for both deterring the pursuit of predators as well as attracting the attention of potential mates.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81869436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2024266
Julia Sliwa, Marion Mallet, Maëlle Christiaens, D. Takahashi
Primates present a rich range of communication strategies in different modalities that evolved as signaling, perceiving and signaling back behaviors. This diversity benefits from specialized dedicated neural pathways for signaling and for perceiving communication signals. The brain areas for perceiving and producing communicative signals can be described separately, but form integrated neural loops, which coordinate perception and action in the signaler and receiver. Moreover, the different sensory modalities are initially processed separately by the brain but eventually share neural pathways for communication: a redundancy that might ensure proper signal transfer. Only a few primate species have been studied so far, including rhesus, long-tailed macaques, squirrel monkeys, marmosets, and humans. Yet, the evidence suggests that all primates possess specialized neural pathways coordinating a diverse range of communication systems for organizing their complex kin and friendship bonds.
{"title":"Neural basis of multi-sensory communication in primates","authors":"Julia Sliwa, Marion Mallet, Maëlle Christiaens, D. Takahashi","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2024266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2024266","url":null,"abstract":"Primates present a rich range of communication strategies in different modalities that evolved as signaling, perceiving and signaling back behaviors. This diversity benefits from specialized dedicated neural pathways for signaling and for perceiving communication signals. The brain areas for perceiving and producing communicative signals can be described separately, but form integrated neural loops, which coordinate perception and action in the signaler and receiver. Moreover, the different sensory modalities are initially processed separately by the brain but eventually share neural pathways for communication: a redundancy that might ensure proper signal transfer. Only a few primate species have been studied so far, including rhesus, long-tailed macaques, squirrel monkeys, marmosets, and humans. Yet, the evidence suggests that all primates possess specialized neural pathways coordinating a diverse range of communication systems for organizing their complex kin and friendship bonds.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87276863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2024267
D. McLain, A. Pratt
In fields of the coastal plain of Georgia (USA), the seed bug, Neacoryphus bicrucis, feeds and mates exclusively on ragwort. The distribution of ragwort, Senecio tomentosus, is either dispersed, with small numbers of plants spread over large areas, or clustered, with large numbers of plants concentrated into relatively small areas. In dispersed habitat, the density of seed bugs is always low (< 20/0.25 m2) as is the proportion of adults who are mating (20%). In clustered habitat, adult densities are occasionally high (30–75/0.25 m2) as are mating rates (> 67%). In both habitats, mating males are in better condition (= mass – mass expected from length) than non-mating males. In clustered habitats, aggression between males occurs frequently and determines residency in areas of high ragwort abundance to which females are especially attracted for mating and oviposition. A mark-recapture study revealed that males move about more in dispersed than clustered habitats, possibly searching for mates. Variance in male mating efficiency (copulations/sightings) matches random expectations in dispersed habitats but is significantly higher than that in clustered habitats, suggesting greater opportunity for sexual selection. A multivariate analysis of selection intensity using mark-recapture data revealed that longer wings and shorter bodies are favored in dispersed habitat, suggesting selection on ability to search for mates. In clustered habitat, selection favors a longer body, antennae, and legs. This finding suggests selection favoring dominance in aggressive interactions, as legs and antennae are used to grapple with opponents and to seize females during aggressive courtship.
{"title":"The opportunity for and intensity of sexual selection in a seed bug depend on host plant dispersion","authors":"D. McLain, A. Pratt","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2024267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2024267","url":null,"abstract":"In fields of the coastal plain of Georgia (USA), the seed bug, Neacoryphus bicrucis, feeds and mates exclusively on ragwort. The distribution of ragwort, Senecio tomentosus, is either dispersed, with small numbers of plants spread over large areas, or clustered, with large numbers of plants concentrated into relatively small areas. In dispersed habitat, the density of seed bugs is always low (< 20/0.25 m2) as is the proportion of adults who are mating (20%). In clustered habitat, adult densities are occasionally high (30–75/0.25 m2) as are mating rates (> 67%). In both habitats, mating males are in better condition (= mass – mass expected from length) than non-mating males. In clustered habitats, aggression between males occurs frequently and determines residency in areas of high ragwort abundance to which females are especially attracted for mating and oviposition. A mark-recapture study revealed that males move about more in dispersed than clustered habitats, possibly searching for mates. Variance in male mating efficiency (copulations/sightings) matches random expectations in dispersed habitats but is significantly higher than that in clustered habitats, suggesting greater opportunity for sexual selection. A multivariate analysis of selection intensity using mark-recapture data revealed that longer wings and shorter bodies are favored in dispersed habitat, suggesting selection on ability to search for mates. In clustered habitat, selection favors a longer body, antennae, and legs. This finding suggests selection favoring dominance in aggressive interactions, as legs and antennae are used to grapple with opponents and to seize females during aggressive courtship.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73493128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2015453
K. Liebal, K. Slocombe, B. Waller
Human language is thought to have evolved from non-linguistic communication systems present in the primate lineage. Scientists rely on data from extant primate species to estimate how this happened, with debates centering around which modality (vocalization, gesture, facial expression) was a likely precursor. In 2011, we demonstrated that different theoretical and methodological approaches are used to collect data about each modality, rendering datasets incomplete and comparisons problematic. Here, 10 years later, we conducted a follow-up systematic review to test whether patterns have changed, examining the primate communication literature published between 2011 and 2020. In sum, despite the promising progress in addressing some gaps in our knowledge, systematic biases still exist and multimodal research remains uncommon. We argue that theories of language evolution are unlikely to advance until the field of primate communication research acknowledges and rectifies the gaps in our knowledge.
{"title":"The language void 10 years on: multimodal primate communication research is still uncommon","authors":"K. Liebal, K. Slocombe, B. Waller","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2015453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2015453","url":null,"abstract":"Human language is thought to have evolved from non-linguistic communication systems present in the primate lineage. Scientists rely on data from extant primate species to estimate how this happened, with debates centering around which modality (vocalization, gesture, facial expression) was a likely precursor. In 2011, we demonstrated that different theoretical and methodological approaches are used to collect data about each modality, rendering datasets incomplete and comparisons problematic. Here, 10 years later, we conducted a follow-up systematic review to test whether patterns have changed, examining the primate communication literature published between 2011 and 2020. In sum, despite the promising progress in addressing some gaps in our knowledge, systematic biases still exist and multimodal research remains uncommon. We argue that theories of language evolution are unlikely to advance until the field of primate communication research acknowledges and rectifies the gaps in our knowledge.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87411981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2021.2024270
Katherine Fiocca, R. Congdon, S. O’Donnell
Reproductive castes are a defining characteristic of eusocial insects. The developmental timing of reproductive caste differentiation is important to shaping individual opportunities for reproductive flexibility. Because hard-part body size (e.g., wing length) is fixed for insects upon adult emergence, morphology can be used to assess pre-adult effects on caste status. Differences in body size amongst adult colony mates may affect social competition for resources and reproductive status in caste-monomorphic species. Our goal was to use body size correlations with female behavior and physiology to test among three hypotheses for pre-emergent effects on female caste within colonies of Mischocyttarus pallidipectus paper wasps: (1) no size overlap between females with developed and undeveloped ovaries would indicate caste is likely determined during larval development; (2) size bias for reproductives with exceptions: caste could be biased during development, but post-emergence factors may play a role; (3) no size patterns: no morphological evidence for pre-adult caste biases. Within colonies, we found a significant difference in body size (wing length) between females with developed vs undeveloped ovaries: larger females were more likely to have developed ovaries. Additionally, larger females were more aggressive towards nestmates. However, there was considerable variation in body size effects on both ovary development and behavioral dominance: even some of the smallest-bodied females had developed ovaries and were socially aggressive. These data suggest factors during pre-adult development lead to morphological (size) differences, and that body size affects the outcome of adult interactions with implications for reproductive caste.
{"title":"Body size correlations with female aggression and physiology suggest pre-adult effects on caste in an independent-founding eusocial paper wasp (Mischocyttarus pallidipectus, Hymenoptera Vespidae)","authors":"Katherine Fiocca, R. Congdon, S. O’Donnell","doi":"10.1080/03949370.2021.2024270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2021.2024270","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive castes are a defining characteristic of eusocial insects. The developmental timing of reproductive caste differentiation is important to shaping individual opportunities for reproductive flexibility. Because hard-part body size (e.g., wing length) is fixed for insects upon adult emergence, morphology can be used to assess pre-adult effects on caste status. Differences in body size amongst adult colony mates may affect social competition for resources and reproductive status in caste-monomorphic species. Our goal was to use body size correlations with female behavior and physiology to test among three hypotheses for pre-emergent effects on female caste within colonies of Mischocyttarus pallidipectus paper wasps: (1) no size overlap between females with developed and undeveloped ovaries would indicate caste is likely determined during larval development; (2) size bias for reproductives with exceptions: caste could be biased during development, but post-emergence factors may play a role; (3) no size patterns: no morphological evidence for pre-adult caste biases. Within colonies, we found a significant difference in body size (wing length) between females with developed vs undeveloped ovaries: larger females were more likely to have developed ovaries. Additionally, larger females were more aggressive towards nestmates. However, there was considerable variation in body size effects on both ovary development and behavioral dominance: even some of the smallest-bodied females had developed ovaries and were socially aggressive. These data suggest factors during pre-adult development lead to morphological (size) differences, and that body size affects the outcome of adult interactions with implications for reproductive caste.","PeriodicalId":55163,"journal":{"name":"Ethology Ecology & Evolution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79421952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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