Cytopathology最新文献_第5页

Cervical cancer screening efficacy using SurePath, ThinPrep and conventional cytology: A large data set analysis from the Japan Cancer Society 使用 SurePath、ThinPrep 和传统细胞学方法进行宫颈癌筛查的效果：来自日本癌症协会的大型数据集分析。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13431

Takahiro Koyanagi, Hiroyuki Fujiwara, Kouji Yamamoto, Mitsuaki Suzuki, Tadao Kakizoe

Objective

Over the past decade, liquid-based cytology has replaced conventional cytology for cervical cancer screening in many countries, including Japan. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of liquid-based cytology using a large database and compare two major liquid-based cytology platforms, SurePath and ThinPrep, to conventional cytology.

Methods

Cervical cancer screening data were collected from the Japan Cancer Society between 2015 and 2019. The efficacy of liquid-based and conventional cytology in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was evaluated. Detection rates and positive predictive values were compared using a Poisson regression model.

Results

We collected data of 3,918,149 participants, including 2,248,202 conventional cytology, 874,807 SurePath and 795,140 ThinPrep smears. The detection rate of CIN2 or more was 1.14 times higher using SurePath than that using conventional cytology (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.20; p < 0.001). Contrastingly, the detection rate of CIN2 or more was 0.91 times lower using ThinPrep (95% CI, 0.86–0.96; p < 0.001). The detection rates of CIN3 or more did not differ significantly between SurePath and conventional cytology (detection rate ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97–1.12; p = 0.224). The positive predictive value ratios of CIN2 or more were 0.80 using SurePath (95% CI, 0.76–0.84; p < 0.001) and 0.83 using ThinPrep (95% CI, 0.79–0.87; p < 0.001) compared with conventional cytology.

Conclusions

Liquid-based cytology, particularly SurePath, was useful for detecting CIN2 or higher in population-based cervical cancer screening. Further widespread use of liquid-based cytology methods would lead to efficient detection of cervical precancerous lesions.

目的：过去十年间，在包括日本在内的许多国家，液基细胞学已取代传统细胞学用于宫颈癌筛查。我们旨在利用大型数据库评估液基细胞学的疗效，并将 SurePath 和 ThinPrep 这两大液基细胞学平台与传统细胞学进行比较：方法：从日本癌症协会收集了2015年至2019年期间的宫颈癌筛查数据。评估了液基细胞学和传统细胞学在检测宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）方面的功效。使用泊松回归模型对检测率和阳性预测值进行了比较：我们收集了 3,918,149 名参与者的数据，其中包括 2,248,202 份常规细胞学涂片、874,807 份 SurePath 涂片和 795,140 份 ThinPrep 涂片。使用 SurePath 的 CIN2 或以上的检出率是使用传统细胞学方法的 1.14 倍（95% 置信区间 [CI]，1.09-1.20；P 结论：使用 SurePath 的 CIN2 或以上的检出率是使用传统细胞学方法的 1.14 倍：液基细胞学，尤其是 SurePath，有助于在人群宫颈癌筛查中检测出 CIN2 或更高的宫颈癌。进一步广泛使用液基细胞学方法将有助于有效检测宫颈癌前病变。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the modified Masood's scoring index versus international academy of cytology Yokohama system in the categorization of breast fine needle aspirates 改良马苏德评分指数与国际细胞学学会横滨系统在乳腺细针穿刺分类中的比较。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13432

Adil Aziz Khan, Sana Ahuja, Shakthivel V, Sufian Zaheer, Sunil Ranga

Context

The Modified Masood Scoring Index (MMSI) categorizes breast fine needle aspirates into four categories non-proliferative breast diseases (PBD), PBD without atypia, PBD with atypia and carcinoma in situ/carcinoma. The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System classifies the aspirates into five categories – inadequate, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant. Very few studies have been conducted so far to compare the diagnostic accuracy of this system.

Aims

The objectives of the study were to classify breast fine needle aspirates according to the MMSI and IAC Yokohama and assess their risk of malignancy (ROM) and performance parameters.

Materials and Methods

All breast FNAs received from June 2020 to May 2023 were classified according to the MMSI and IAC Yokohama. Using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, ROM and performance parameters were calculated.

Results

Out of the 559 breast fine needle aspirates, the histopathological correlation was available for 337 cases. The ROM for non-PBD, PBD without atypia, PBD with atypia and carcinoma in situ/carcinoma categories were 0%, 1.2%, 9.1% and 93%, respectively. The ROM for each of the categories of Yokohama system was 16.6%, 1.1%, 4.3%, 86.2% and 97.6%, respectively. The values for the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were slightly higher for IAC Yokohama (97.3%, 97.2%, 94.7%, 98.6% and 97.2%, respectively) than the MMSI (96.4%, 96.2%, 93%, 98.1% and 96.3%, respectively). Furthermore, another shortfall of MMSI is the inability to compare the Inadequate category of the Yokohama system.

Conclusion

Overall Yokohama system proved to be a better system for categorizing breast lesions on FNAB as the scoring system provides more objective categorization and minimizes false positive and false negative cases.

背景：改良马苏德评分指数（MMSI）将乳腺细针穿刺分为四类：非增生性乳腺疾病（PBD）、无不典型性乳腺疾病（PBD）、有不典型性乳腺疾病（PBD）和原位癌/癌。国际细胞学学会横滨系统将抽吸物分为五类--不充分、良性、非典型、可疑和恶性。目的：本研究的目的是根据 MMSI 和 IAC 横滨系统对乳腺细针穿刺进行分类，并评估其恶性风险（ROM）和性能参数：根据MMSI和IAC Yokohama对2020年6月至2023年5月期间接收的所有乳腺细针穿刺术进行分类。以组织病理学诊断为金标准，计算ROM和性能参数：结果：在559例乳腺细针穿刺中，337例有组织病理学相关性。非 PBD、无不典型性 PBD、有不典型性 PBD 和原位癌/癌类别的 ROM 分别为 0%、1.2%、9.1% 和 93%。横滨系统各分类的 ROM 分别为 16.6%、1.1%、4.3%、86.2% 和 97.6%。横滨 IAC 系统的灵敏度、特异性、PPV、NPV 和诊断准确度值（分别为 97.3%、97.2%、94.7%、98.6% 和 97.2%）略高于彩超系统（分别为 96.4%、96.2%、93%、98.1% 和 96.3%）。此外，MMSI 的另一个不足之处是无法比较横滨系统的不足类别：总体而言，横滨系统被证明是对 FNAB 乳腺病变进行分类的更好系统，因为该评分系统能提供更客观的分类，并能最大限度地减少假阳性和假阴性病例。

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引用次数: 0

The Great Impostor: A challenging case of small-cell melanoma with isolated adrenal metastasis 伟大的冒名顶替者小细胞黑色素瘤伴孤立肾上腺转移的挑战性病例。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13433

Dipanwita Biswas, Parikshaa Gupta, Divyesh Kumar, Mayur Parkhi

Small-cell melanoma masquerading as an adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The index report illustrates the deceptive cytomorphologic features of a small cell type malignant melanoma metastatic to the adrenal gland. The diagnosis was confirmed by performing immunocytochemistry on the cell block sections. The key cytomorphologic mimics and their distinctive features have also been highlighted.

伪装成肾上腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤的小细胞黑色素瘤。索引报告说明了转移到肾上腺的小细胞型恶性黑色素瘤的欺骗性细胞形态学特征。通过对细胞块切片进行免疫细胞化学分析，确诊了这一病例。此外，还强调了主要的细胞形态学拟态及其独特特征。

引用次数: 0

Commentary on ‘Development and validation of a minimally invasive protocol for assessing oxidative stress markers in exfoliated oral cells’ 关于 "评估脱落口腔细胞中氧化应激标记物的微创方案的开发与验证 "的评论。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13430

Divyanshu Mohan Arya, Shruti Gupta, Gargi Kapatia, Niraj Kumari

The assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) offers immense prospects for the diagnosis of chronic diseases. A protocol to assess redox imbalance in exfoliated cells can prove beneficial in our understanding of the role of ROS in the diagnosis of these diseases. Further studies on the development of such protocols are needed.

活性氧（ROS）的评估为诊断慢性疾病提供了广阔的前景。评估脱落细胞中氧化还原失衡的方案有助于我们了解 ROS 在诊断这些疾病中的作用。我们需要进一步研究此类方案的开发。

引用次数: 0

Application of the international system for reporting serous fluid cytopathology on pleural effusion cytology with paired pleural biopsy: A new insight and novel approach on risk of malignancy 将国际浆液细胞病理学报告系统应用于胸腔积液细胞学配对胸膜活检：关于恶性肿瘤风险的新见解和新方法。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13423

Zahra Maleki, Ashleigh J. Graham, Robert Jones, Ricardo Pastorello, Paul Morris, Alessandra C. Schmitt, Erika F. Rodriguez

Introduction

The risk of malignancy (ROM) remains an area of interest for further evaluation in reporting systems including in International System for reporting serous fluid cytopathology (TIS), which is a standardized system for reporting effusion cytology. Herein, we report our findings in further investigation of ROM in TIS by studying on paired pleural effusion specimens and corresponding pleural biopsies with emphasis on negative for malignancy, and atypia of undetermined significance categories.

Materials and Methods

The Johns Hopkins Hospital pathology database was retrospectively searched for patients with a pleural biopsy (PBX) and a paired pleural effusion (PF) cytology specimens over a 4-year period. We employed the TIS categories. The following statistical parameters were evaluated: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and ROM.

Results

A total of 223 patient cases were included. Effusions TIS reclassification and ROM were as follows: 1.8% non-diagnostic (ROM 75%), 75.8% negative for malignancy (ROM 23%), 4.9% atypical cells of undetermined significance (ROM 45%), 2.2% suspicious for malignancy (ROM 80%), and 15.2% malignant (ROM 100%). Overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were calculated and were 79.4%, 45%, 97.7%, 91.2% and 77%, respectively. Among, discordant cases diagnosed negative for malignancy on PF and positive for malignancy on PBX, there were significant number of lymphomas, mesotheliomas, and sarcomas. Lung cancer was the most common carcinoma; however, rare types of carcinomas were noted. Cells blocks and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies were utilized to confirm either malignant conditions or rule out malignancy in both cell blocks and histology biopsies.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the high specificity and ROM for ‘malignant’ and ‘suspicious for malignancy’ categories in the TIS reporting system and highlights the modest negative predictive value for the ‘negative for malignancy’ category. Although Tissue biopsies are usually considered as ‘gold standard’, any definitive diagnosis of malignancy of body fluid should be considered positive for malignancy in further clinical decision-making.

导言：恶性肿瘤风险（ROM）仍是报告系统中需要进一步评估的领域，包括国际浆液细胞病理学报告系统（TIS），该系统是报告渗出液细胞学的标准化系统。在此，我们通过研究成对的胸腔积液标本和相应的胸膜活检，重点研究恶性肿瘤阴性和意义未定的不典型性类别，报告我们在进一步研究 TIS 中 ROM 的发现：我们在约翰霍普金斯医院病理数据库中回顾性检索了4年内胸膜活检（PBX）和配对胸腔积液（PF）细胞学标本的患者。我们采用了 TIS 分类。对以下统计参数进行了评估：敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）和 ROM：结果：共纳入 223 例患者。结果：共纳入 223 例患者：1.8%为非诊断性（ROM 75%），75.8%为恶性阴性（ROM 23%），4.9%为意义不明的非典型细胞（ROM 45%），2.2%为恶性可疑细胞（ROM 80%），15.2%为恶性（ROM 100%）。计算得出的总体准确率、敏感性、特异性、PPV 和 NPV 分别为 79.4%、45%、97.7%、91.2% 和 77%。在 PF 诊断为恶性肿瘤阴性而 PBX 诊断为恶性肿瘤阳性的不一致病例中，有大量淋巴瘤、间皮瘤和肉瘤。肺癌是最常见的癌症，但也有罕见类型的癌症。利用细胞块和免疫组织化学（IHC）研究来确认细胞块和组织学活检中的恶性病变或排除恶性病变：本研究表明，在 TIS 报告系统中，"恶性 "和 "恶性可疑 "类别的特异性和 ROM 都很高，并强调了 "恶性阴性 "类别的阴性预测值并不高。虽然组织活检通常被视为 "金标准"，但在进一步的临床决策中，任何体液恶性肿瘤的明确诊断都应被视为恶性肿瘤阳性。

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引用次数: 0

Transient ‘NeoBRAF wild type’ state in a patient with BRAFV600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer 一名 BRAFV600E 突变转移性结直肠癌患者的短暂 "NeoBRAF 野生型 "状态。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13429

Claudia Cardone, Sergio Facchini, Alfonso de Stefano, Anna Maria Rachiglio, Antonio Avallone

We report the case of a patient with a BRAF^V600E mutant mCRC, with evidence of acquired ‘NeoBRAF wild-type’ (wt) state. The patient, longitudinally assessed by liquid biopsy, obtained a remarkable clinical outcome with a multimodal approach including surgery, systemic treatment and targeted therapy.

In patients with newly diagnosed RAS and BRAF^V600E mutant mCRC, longitudinal assessment with liquid biopsy is not routinely used in clinical practice. We report the case of a patient with a BRAF^V600E mutant mCRC, with evidence of acquired ‘neoBRAF wild-type’ (wt) state. The patient obtained a remarkable clinical outcome and has been longitudinally assessed by liquid biopsy.

我们报告了一例 BRAFV600E 突变 mCRC 患者的病例，有证据表明患者获得了 "NeoBRAF 野生型"（wt）状态。该患者通过液体活检进行了纵向评估，并通过手术、全身治疗和靶向治疗等多模式方法获得了显著的临床疗效。对于新诊断的 RAS 和 BRAFV600E 突变 mCRC 患者，临床实践中并未常规使用液体活检进行纵向评估。我们报告了一例 BRAFV600E 突变 mCRC 患者的病例，有证据表明患者获得了 "新 BRAF 野生型"（wt）状态。该患者获得了显著的临床疗效，并通过液体活检进行了纵向评估。

引用次数: 0

Pericardial effusion: Unusual immunohistochemical expression 心包积液：不寻常的免疫组化表达。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13425

Ying Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Wang, Xiao Guo, Yang Ma, Yun Du

Endometrial Gastric-type Carcinoma is a rare disease, especially in cytology. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent chest tightness with dyspnoea. The chest CT showed a soft tissue shadow of the left lung with bronchial occlusion and pericardial effusion. What was her diagnosis?

子宫内膜胃型癌是一种罕见疾病，尤其是在细胞学方面。一名 65 岁的妇女因间歇性胸闷伴呼吸困难入院。胸部 CT 显示左肺软组织影，伴有支气管闭塞和心包积液。她的诊断结果是什么？

引用次数: 0

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology in the African American population: A tertiary centre experience 非裔美国人甲状腺细胞病理学报告贝塞斯达系统：一个三级中心的经验。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13426

Carla Saoud, Gabrielle E. Bailey, Ashleigh J. Graham, Zahra Maleki

Background

The reported risk of malignancies (ROM) remains controversial for fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules in the African American (AA) population. Herein, the ROM along with frequency was assessed for each of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) diagnostic categories.

Materials and Methods

The electronic pathology archive of a large academic hospital was retrospectively searched for cytopathology reports of thyroid nodules in AA patients (2010–2019) and Non-African American (NAA) control cases. The patients' demographic, thyroid nodule characteristics, FNA results using TBSRTC and surgical diagnoses were recorded, whenever available.

Results

Three hundred ninety-one cases were identified, 317 females (81.1%) and 74 males (18.9%) with median age 50.0 (SD = 14.4). The mean size of the nodules was 2.1 cm (SD = 1.4). The Bethesda categories were: 5.4% (I), 35.0% (II), 35.3% (III), 7.7% (IV), 3.3% (V) and 13.3% (VI). The overall ROM of thyroid nodules was 43.8% (89/203) on surgical follow-up (203/391). The ROM in each Bethesda categories were: 33.3% (I), 11.6% (II), 35.2% (III), 15.8% (IV), 83.3% (V) and 100% (VI) on surgical follow-up. The frequency of thyroid nodules was higher in AA females; however, the ROM was higher in AA males (48.3%) compared with AA females (41.2%).

Conclusion

The ROM in Categories I, II and III was higher than those reported in the TBSRTC while being similar in Categories IV, V and VI. The overall risk of thyroid malignancy in our AA patient population was higher than those in the literature. The overall ROM of thyroid nodules in AA males was higher than of AA females.

背景：关于非裔美国人（AA）甲状腺结节细针穿刺（FNA）的恶性肿瘤风险（ROM）仍存在争议。在此，我们评估了贝塞斯达甲状腺细胞病理学报告系统（TBSRTC）各诊断类别的恶性肿瘤风险及发生频率：对一家大型学术医院的电子病理档案进行了回顾性检索，以获得AA患者（2010-2019年）和非非洲裔美国人（NAA）对照病例的甲状腺结节细胞病理学报告。只要有患者的人口统计学特征、甲状腺结节特征、使用TBSRTC的FNA结果和手术诊断结果，就会记录在案：共发现 391 例患者，其中女性 317 例（81.1%），男性 74 例（18.9%），中位年龄为 50.0 岁（SD = 14.4）。结节的平均大小为 2.1 厘米（SD = 1.4）。贝塞斯达分类为5.4%（Ⅰ）、35.0%（Ⅱ）、35.3%（Ⅲ）、7.7%（Ⅳ）、3.3%（Ⅴ）和13.3%（Ⅵ）。在手术随访（203/391）中，甲状腺结节的总ROM为43.8%（89/203）。贝塞斯达分级的ROM分别为手术随访时，各Bethesda分类的ROM分别为：33.3%（I）、11.6%（II）、35.2%（III）、15.8%（IV）、83.3%（V）和100%（VI）。甲状腺结节的发生率在AA女性中较高，但AA男性的ROM（48.3%）高于AA女性（41.2%）：结论：I、II和III类甲状腺结节的ROM高于TBSRTC报告的ROM，而IV、V和VI类甲状腺结节的ROM与TBSRTC报告的ROM相似。在我们的 AA 患者群体中，甲状腺恶性肿瘤的总体风险高于文献报道。AA男性甲状腺结节的总ROM高于AA女性。

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引用次数: 0

Are we ready to bridge classification systems? A comprehensive review of different reporting systems in thyroid cytology 我们准备好连接分类系统了吗？全面回顾甲状腺细胞学的不同报告系统。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13411

Esther Diana Rossi, Liron Pantanowitz

The evaluation of thyroid lesions is common in the daily practice of cytology. While the majority of thyroid nodules are benign, in recent decades, there has been increased detection of small and well-differentiated thyroid cancers. Combining ultrasound evaluation with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is extremely useful in the management of thyroid nodules. Furthermore, the adoption of specific terminology, introduced by different thyroid reporting systems, has helped effectively communicate thyroid FNAC diagnoses in a clear and understandable way. In 1996, the Papanicolaou Society thyroid cytological classification was introduced. This was followed in 2005 by the first Japanese and then in 2007 by the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, which subsequently underwent two revisions. Other international thyroid terminology classifications include the British, Italian, Australasian and other Japanese cytology systems. This review covers similarities and differences among these cytology classification systems and highlights key points that unify these varied approaches to reporting thyroid FNAC diagnoses.

对甲状腺病变进行评估是细胞学日常工作中的常见内容。虽然大多数甲状腺结节是良性的，但近几十年来，发现的分化良好的小甲状腺癌越来越多。将超声评估与细针穿刺细胞学检查（FNAC）相结合，对甲状腺结节的治疗非常有用。此外，不同的甲状腺报告系统所采用的特定术语也有助于以清晰易懂的方式有效传达甲状腺细针穿刺细胞学诊断结果。1996 年，巴氏学会推出了甲状腺细胞学分类。2005 年，日本首次采用了这一系统，2007 年，贝塞斯达甲状腺细胞病理学报告系统（Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology）采用了这一系统，随后又进行了两次修订。其他国际甲状腺术语分类包括英国、意大利、澳大利亚和其他日本细胞学系统。本综述涵盖了这些细胞学分类系统之间的异同，并强调了统一这些不同甲状腺 FNAC 诊断报告方法的要点。

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引用次数: 0

Practical issues related to immunocytochemistry on cytological smears: Tips and recommendations 与细胞涂片免疫细胞化学有关的实际问题：提示和建议。

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q4 CELL BIOLOGY

Cytopathology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13419

Maria D. Lozano, Allan Argueta, Ramón Robledano, Jaione García, Vanessa Ocon, Nerea Gómez, Nassira Fernandez

Objective

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is essential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and identifying markers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies. While cell blocks (CBs) are preferred for standardization and optimized staining, cytological smears are an alternative when CBs are unavailable. However, the literature on ICC protocols for smears is sparse. This review addresses preparation, fixation and protocols for nuclear and cytoplasmic antibodies on smears, drawing from our laboratory's experience.

Methods

We reviewed procedures for ICC on cytological smears using existing literature and practical insights from our laboratory.

Results

Commercially available antibodies were found to be reliable for ICC on smears if specimens are properly prepared and fixed. Protocols developed in our laboratory maintained antigenicity and provided clear staining results.

Conclusions

Although ICC on CBs is the gold standard for standardization, cytological smears are a viable alternative when CBs are unavailable. Success in ICC on smears depends on proper preparation and fixation. This review offers practical protocols and insights to help laboratories optimize ICC on cytological smears. Further research and standardization are necessary to enhance reproducibility and reliability of ICC on smears. The practical information provided is based on personal experience in our laboratory.

目的：免疫细胞化学（ICC）对于提高诊断准确性以及确定诊断、预后和靶向治疗的标志物至关重要。虽然细胞块（CB）是标准化和优化染色的首选，但在没有 CB 的情况下，细胞涂片也是一种替代方法。然而，有关涂片的 ICC 方案的文献却很少。本综述根据我们实验室的经验，探讨了涂片上核抗体和细胞质抗体的制备、固定和方案：方法：我们利用现有文献和本实验室的实践经验对细胞涂片上的 ICC 程序进行了回顾：结果：我们发现，如果标本准备和固定得当，市场上出售的抗体对涂片上的 ICC 是可靠的。我们实验室制定的方案保持了抗原性并提供了清晰的染色结果：尽管涂片上的 ICC 是标准化的黄金标准，但在没有 CB 时，细胞学涂片也是一种可行的替代方法。涂片 ICC 的成功取决于正确的制备和固定。本综述提供了实用的方案和见解，帮助实验室优化细胞学涂片上的 ICC。为提高涂片 ICC 的可重复性和可靠性，有必要开展进一步的研究和标准化工作。所提供的实用信息均基于我们实验室的个人经验。

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引用次数: 0